On the roles of deformation and fluid during rejuvenation of a polymetamorphic terrane: inferences on the geodynamic evolution of the Ruker Province, East Antarctica   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. PHILLIPS  R. W. WHITE  C. J. L. WILSON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2007,25(8):855-871

Evaluating pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions through mineral equilibria modelling within an amphibolite facies polymetamorphic terrane requires knowledge of the fluid content of the rocks. The Archean‐Palaeoproterozoic basement rocks of the Ruker Province, East Antarctica, preserve evidence of three metamorphic events (M1–M3). Of particular interest is the M3 event, which is constrained to the early Palaeozoic (c. 550–480 Ma). Evaluation of the tectonic setting during this time is important because the Ruker Province is located within a critical region with respect to models of Gondwana assembly. Structural evidence of the early Palaeozoic event is preserved as large (up to ～500 m wide) high strain zones that cut the orthogneiss‐metasedimentary basement (Tingey Complex) of the Ruker Province. Rocks within these zones have been thoroughly recrystallized and preserve a dominant shear fabric and M3 mineral assemblages that formed at P–T conditions of 4.0–5.2 kbar and 565–640 °C. Distal to these zones, rocks preserve more complex petrographic relationships with S1 and S2 foliations, being incompletely overgrown by M3 retrograde assemblages. We show that the mineral assemblages preserved during the M3 event are highly dependent on the availability of fluid H₂O, which is strongly influenced by the structural setting (i.e. proximity to the high‐strain zones). P–T structural and fluid flow constraints support a model of basin inversion during early Palaeozoic crustal rejuvenation in the Ruker Province.  相似文献   

Symmetries, Reduction and Relative Equilibria for a Gyrostat in the Three-body Problem     

F. Mondéjar  A. Vigueras  S. Ferrer 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2001,81(1-2):45-50

The problem of three bodies when one of them is a gyrostat is considered. Using the symmetries of the system we carry out two reductions. Global considerations about the conditions for relative equilibria are made. Finally, we restrict to an approximated model of the dynamics and a complete study of the relative equilibria is made.  相似文献   

Calculation of equilibrium distributions of chemical species in aqueous solutions by means of monotone sequences     

Thomas J. Wolery  Lester J. Walters Jr. 《Mathematical Geology》1975,7(2):99-115

A numerical method for the calculation of equilibrium distributions of chemical species in aqueous solutions of electrolytes is presented. This method is constructed by transforming the problem of determining the set of unknown concentrations satisfying the mass balance and mass action equations into the equivalent problem of finding the limits of certain well-behaved mathematical sequences in a multivariable direct iteration scheme. The total (analytical) concentrations are taken as the starting estimates, and the recursive equations are constructed from the starting equations. It is shown that the sequences so constructed are both monotonic and bounded, hence convergent in an orderly fashion by a mathematical axiom. Each unknown free ion concentration (that is, each limit) is approached simultaneously from above and from below, being effectively sandwiched in an ever tightening manner. Strict error bounds therefore are easily constructed. The method has been found to be exceedingly efficient in practice, with the error bound (maximum fractional error in taking the upper estimate as the final answer) decreasing in an approximately exponential fashion with respect to iteration number, commonly 0.5–1.5 orders of magnitude per iteration. Correction for nonideality is presented, and the possibility of this giving rise to more than one solution is discussed in connection with three examples of natural waters of low-, medium-, and high-ionic strengths.  相似文献   

Changes in fossil midge (Chironomidae) assemblages in response to cultural activities in a shallow, polymictic lake   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

J.L. Little  J.P. Smol 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2000,23(2):207-212

Chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) head capsules were studied from a core of recent sediments from shallow, macrophyte-dominated Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada, to determine if assemblages have changed in response to lake-level changes and other watershed disturbances, including deforestation and agriculture. Our results indicate that the construction of the Rideau Canal in the early 1830s and subsequent flooding of Lake Opinicon has had the greatest impact on this system, but that even this disturbance did not greatly affect chironomid assemblages. Despite other significant cultural disturbances in the watershed, the lake sediments have recorded only minor changes in its recent history, providing support for the hypothesis of alternative lake equilibria. These results correspond well with diatom inferences of only minor changes in past lake trophic status.  相似文献   

Thermal and mechanical behaviour of the orogenic middle crust during the syn‐ to late‐orogenic evolution of the Variscan root zone,Bohemian Massif     

B. Petri  P. Štípská  E. Skrzypek  K. Schulmann  M. Corsini  J. Franěk 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2014,32(6):599-626

We combine structural observations, petrological data and ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar ages for a stack of amphibolite facies metasedimentary units that rims high‐P (HP) granulite facies felsic bodies exposed in the southern Bohemian Massif. The partly migmatitic Varied and Monotonous units, and the underlying Kaplice unit, show a continuity of structures that are also observed in the adjacent Blanský les HP granulite body. They all exhibit an earlier NE?SW striking and steeply NW‐dipping foliation (S3), which is transposed into a moderately NW‐dipping foliation (S4). In both the Varied and Monotonous units, the S3 and S4 foliations are characterized by a Sil–Bt–Pl–Kfs–Qtz–Ilm±Grt assemblage, with occurrences of post‐D4 andalusite, cordierite and muscovite. In the Monotonous unit, minute inclusions of garnet, kyanite, sillimanite and biotite are additionally found in plagioclase from a probable leucosome parallel to S3. The Kaplice unit shows rare staurolite and kyanite relicts, a Sil–Ms–Bt–Pl–Qtz±Grt assemblage associated with S3, retrogressed garnet?staurolite aggregates during the development of S4, and post‐D4 andalusite, cordierite and secondary muscovite. Mineral equilibria modelling for representative samples indicates that the Varied unit records conditions higher than ~7 kbar at 725 °C during the transition from S3 to S4, followed by a P?T decrease from ~5.5 kbar/750 °C to ~4.5 kbar/700 °C. The Monotonous unit shows evidence of partial melting in the S3 fabric at P?T above ~8 kbar at 740–830 °C and a subsequent P?T decrease to 4.5–5 kbar/700 °C. The Kaplice unit preserves an initial medium‐P prograde path associated with the development of S3 reaching peak P?T of ~6.5 kbar/640 °C. The subsequent retrograde path records 4.5 kbar/660 °C during the development of S4. ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar geochronology shows that amphibole and biotite ages cluster at c. 340 Ma close to the HP granulite, whereas adjacent metasedimentary rocks preserve c. 340 Ma amphibole ages, but biotite and muscovite ages range between c. 318 and c. 300 Ma. The P?T conditions associated with S3 imply an overturned section of the orogenic middle crust. The shared structural evolution indicates that all mid‐crustal units are involved in the large‐scale folding cored by HP granulites. The retrograde P–T paths associated with S4 are interpreted as a result of a ductile thinning of the orogenic crust at a mid‐crustal level. The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar ages overlap with U–Pb zircon ages in and around the HP granulite bodies, suggesting a short duration for the ductile thinning event. The post‐ductile thinning late‐orogenic emplacement of the South Bohemian plutonic complex is responsible for a re‐heating of the stacked units, reopening of argon system in mica and a tilting of the S4 foliation to its present‐day orientation.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅造山带核部的变质作用与部分熔融:亚东地区高压泥质麻粒岩的岩石学与年代学研究   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

李旺超  张泽明  向华  苟正彬  丁慧霞 《岩石学报》2015,31(5):1219-1234

喜马拉雅造山带核部的高喜马拉雅结晶岩系是印度大陆深俯冲到欧亚板块之下经历了高压变质作用的产物,记录了喜马拉雅造山带的形成与演化历史。本文对喜马拉雅造山带中段亚东地区高喜马拉雅结晶岩系中的泥质麻粒岩进行了岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明泥质麻粒岩经历了复杂的变质演化和部分熔融,可识别出三期变质矿物组合。早期进变质矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+白云母+石英,峰期变质矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+蓝晶石+石英,晚期退变质矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+夕线石+黑云母+白云母+石英。相平衡模拟表明,该泥质麻粒岩经历了高温、高压的峰期变质条件为800~835℃和12.8~14kbar,在进变质和峰期变质过程中经历了白云母和黑云母脱水熔融,所形成的熔体量至少为5%~8%。麻粒岩的晚期退变质条件为720~740℃和7.6~8.3kbar。这表明泥质麻粒岩经历了一条以高压麻粒岩相峰期变质和降温、降压退变质为特征的顺时针P-T轨迹。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,麻粒岩相变质和深熔作用发生在28.5~17.0Ma。本研究表明高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的上部构造层位经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用,而不是以前认为的以高温、低压变质作用为特征,并为喜马拉雅造山带构造演化的研究提供了新的见解。  相似文献   

地面磁梯度测量在勘查地下污水管道中的应用     

任秀艳  杜晓娟  孙瑞雪  逄硕  王江  高超 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,(3)

利用在辽宁某地区实测的垂直磁梯度数据,采用欧拉反褶积方法对地下异常情况进行处理和解释。正演研究表明,理论计算获得的磁梯度比实测磁总场的灵敏度高,结合磁梯度数据和欧拉反演方法可以进行较为复杂地形的解释。通过将计算获得的磁梯度异常与实测磁梯度异常对比,后者对地质体的分辨率更高。对地面垂直磁梯度数据进行反演,结果表明：该方法能够准确地确定地下污水管道的边界和埋深。  相似文献   

Influence of Constant Torque on Equilibria of Satellite in Circular Orbit     

V. A. Sarychev  A. Guerman  P. Paglione 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2003,87(3):219-239

We consider the equilibria of a satellite in a circular orbit under the action of gravitational and constant torques. The number of equilibria depending on the parameters of the problem is found by the analysis of an algebraic equation of order 6. The domains with different numbers of equilibria are specified, and the equations of boundary curves are determined in function of values of the components of constant torque. Classification of different distributions of number of equilibria is made for arbitrary values of the parameters.  相似文献   

Equilibrium Points and Central Configurations for the Lennard-Jones 2- and 3-Body Problems   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Montserrat Corbera  Jaume Llibre  Ernesto Pérez-Chavela 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2004,89(3):235-266

In this paper we study the relative equilibria and their stability for a system of three point particles moving under the action of a Lennard-Jones potential. A central configuration is a special position of the particles where the position and acceleration vectors of each particle are proportional, and the constant of proportionality is the same for all particles. Since the Lennard-Jones potential depends only on the mutual distances among the particles, it is invariant under rotations. In a rotating frame the orbits coming from central configurations become equilibrium points, the relative equilibria. Due to the form of the potential, the relative equilibria depend on the size of the system, that is, depend strongly of the momentum of inertia I. In this work we characterize the relative equilibria, we find the bifurcation values of I for which the number of relative equilibria is changing, we also analyze the stability of the relative equilibria. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Hamiltonian Dynamics of a Gyrostat in the N-Body Problem: Relative Equilibria     

J. A. Vera  A. Vigueras 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2006,94(3):289-315

We consider the non-canonical Hamiltonian dynamics of a gyrostat in Newtonian interaction with n spherical rigid bodies. Using the symmetries of the system we carry out two reductions. Then, working in the reduced problem, we obtain the equations of motion, a Casimir function of the system and the equations that determine the relative equilibria. Global conditions for existence of relative equilibria are given. Besides, we give the variational characterization of these equilibria and three invariant manifolds of the problem; being calculated the equations of motion in these manifolds, which are described by means of a canonical Hamiltonian system. We give some Eulerian and Lagrangian equilibria for the four body problem with a gyrostat. Finally, certain classical problems of Celestial Mechanics are generalized.  相似文献