岩溶地区石漠化综合治理的固碳增汇效应研究——基于实地监测数据的分析   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  

陈伟杰  熊康宁  任晓冬  周文龙 《中国岩溶》2010,29(3):229-238

为了探索岩溶地区石漠化综合治理的碳汇效应,以贵州毕节石桥小流域、清镇王家寨—羊昌洞小流域、贞丰顶坛小流域为研究对象,通过分析实地监测数据,分别测算了各研究区总碳存量,分析并比较了碳储量在各碳库以及不同等级石漠化之间的分布情况和大小关系。研究发现:三个研究区总碳存量仅为32 434.9tC;各碳库碳存量:土壤层>>植被层(草本层>>灌木层);碳密度在不同等级石漠化间关系表现为:轻度＞中度＞强度;总碳密度在各研究区中的大小关系表现为:毕节＞清镇＞贞丰,其中土壤层碳密度起决定性因素。此外,本文最后还提出在未来石漠化综合治理中增加碳汇监测指标、扩大石漠化综合治理碳汇研究的范围、加强岩溶作用碳汇效应基础研究等建议。   相似文献   

A new carbon and oxygen balance model based on ecological service of urban vegetation   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Kai Yin  Qianjun Zhao  Xuanqi Li  Shenghui Cui  Lizhong Hua  Tao Lin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(2):144-151

The application of human induced oxygen consumption and carbon emission theory in urban region was summed up and on this base a new model of urban carbon and oxygen balance (UCOB) was constructed by calculating the carbon and oxygen fluxes. The purpose was to highlight the role of vegetation in urban ecosystems and evaluate the effects of various human activities on urban annual oxygen consumption and carbon emission. Hopefully,the model would be helpful in theory to keep the regional balance of carbon and oxygen,and provide guidance and support for urban vegetation planning in the future. To test the UCOB model,the Jimei District of Xiamen City,Fujian Province,China,a very typical urban region,was selected as a case study. The results turn out that Jimei′s vegetation service in oxygen emission and carbon sequestration could not meet the demand of the urban population,and more than 31.49 times of vegetation area should be added to meet the whole oxygen consumption in Jimei while 9.60 times of vegetation area are needed to meet the carbon sequestration targets. The results show that the new UCOB model is of a great potential to be applied to quantitative planning of urban vegetation and regional eco-compensation mechanisms.  相似文献   

石漠化土地固碳潜力分析——以贵州为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陈伟杰  任晓冬  熊康宁 《中国岩溶》2011,30(2):163-168

以中国南方石漠化最为严重的贵州省为主要研究对象,选取其中五个有典型代表性的石漠化综合治理小流域为研究区,以70个典型样地实地监测数据为基础,测算了目前贵州石漠化土地的碳储量并分别预测了短期(20年)和长期(50年)内的固碳潜力。数据表明:2006年全省石漠化土地总碳储量达12627～20418万t碳,其中潜在和轻度石漠化的碳储量最高,占总碳储量的80%以上,是石漠化生态系统中主要的碳库;通过石漠化综合治理,预计20年后会有22655万t二氧化碳得到固定,而50年后固碳量将翻一番,达到42708万t;贵州全省石漠化土地年均固碳量达8.55～11.34×106t,可消除全区42%的工业二氧化碳排放量,有助于贵州工业二氧化碳“零排放”目标的实现。尽管石漠化生态系统有巨大的固碳潜力,但在石漠化综合治理规划中对碳汇功能缺乏充分的重视,有必要在“十二五”石漠化综合治理规划中在更高的水平上重新考量石漠化的碳汇功能。   相似文献   

岩溶作用及其碳汇强度计算的“入渗-平衡化学法”——兼论水化学径流法和溶蚀试片法   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

刘再华 《中国岩溶》2011,30(4):379-382

岩溶作用通过碳酸盐岩溶解时消耗大气或土壤CO2成为重要的碳汇过程。本文首先简要介绍了定量评价岩溶作用及其碳汇强度的水化学径流法和碳酸盐岩溶蚀试片法及其优缺点,即水化学径流法仅适用于边界清楚且为全排型的流域,而试片法仅适用于土壤中不含碳酸盐矿物的条件。继而推导出了岩溶作用及其碳汇强度计算的“入渗-平衡化学法”(或称“潜在最大溶蚀法”),该方法的优点在于只要知道了相关地区的基本气候资料,如温度、降水和蒸发蒸腾数据,即可计算出该地区的岩溶作用及其碳汇强度。   相似文献   

土地覆盖对岩溶地下河碳汇的影响——以广西打狗河流域为例   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

覃小群  蒙荣国  莫日生 《中国岩溶》2011,30(4):372-378

以广西打狗河为例,对比分析河流东、西两岸地下河的土地覆盖差异及其对岩溶碳汇的影响。打狗河东岸林地占56.13%,耕地占15.15%;而西岸林地、耕地分别只占20.8%、12.95%。但西岸的裸岩和荒地比例大,分别占29.57%和25.95%,而东岸分别占14.19%和10.98%。植被和土壤覆盖差异导致了东、西两岸碳循环的地球化学指标有明显的差异,东岸地下河水的HCO3-、Ca2+、PCO2(平均分别是233.71mg/L、85.5mg/L、909.46Pa)明显高于西岸(分别为177.26mg/L、64.65mg/L、257.37Pa),而东岸的SIC、pH值(分别为0.12和7.40)又低于西岸(分别是0.38和7.85)。因此,东岸有更强的岩溶动力条件,东岸地下河的平均碳汇强度比西岸高14%,其中,东岸下桥地下河的碳汇强度是西岸旦峒地下河的3.7倍。东西岸地下河水的δ13CDIC、TOC资料也进一步证明了土地覆盖条件对地下河岩溶碳汇具有重要的影响。   相似文献   

喀斯特适生植物固碳增汇策略   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

吴沿友 《中国岩溶》2011,30(4):461-465

通过分析喀斯特地区的土壤化学性质,明确了喀斯特地区植物的固碳增汇的限制因素为岩溶干旱、低营养、高pH、高重碳酸盐等。通过对喀斯特适生植物和非适生植物的无机碳源、氮源的利用以及对低营养的响应差异分析,总结出了喀斯特适生植物交替、高效利用碳酸氢根离子作碳源的开源固碳增汇策略,以较低的营养成本获取较高的光合固碳能力的低成本倍增固碳增汇策略,以及掠夺式吸收限制性的铵态氮和补偿式吸收硝态氮来实现固碳增汇作用的以氮增汇策略等;提出了喀斯特适生植物固碳增汇能力的利用途径,可最大限度挖掘出喀斯特地区植物的固碳增汇潜能。   相似文献   

铁还原地下水环境中微生物降解苯和甲苯的碳源 专一性分析     

陈亮  刘菲  刘玉龙  董洪忠 《地学前缘》2010,17(6):47-51

文中研究在粒状铁化学还原三氯乙烯渗透反应格栅和生物降解苯和甲苯渗透反应格栅的联合格栅技术中,下游生物降解格栅中铁还原环境下微生物对苯和甲苯的生物降解。通过模拟粒状铁渗透反应格栅下游铁还原环境,主要研究微生物以苯、甲苯作为碳源时,对碳源的专一性。通过批实验发现,对于分别用苯和甲苯培养驯化的微生物,互换碳源后,微生物对2 000.00μg/L苯和甲苯的生物降解半衰期分别由之前的1.0和1.5 d减少到0.7和1.0 d,互换碳源后苯和甲苯的去除率分别增加38%和32%。在粒状铁渗透反应格栅下游生物降解渗透反应格栅中,微生物在铁还原环境下以苯、甲苯作为碳源时对碳源没有专一性,苯和甲苯可以同时被生物降解去除。  相似文献   

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromobiphenyl in sediments of the Diep and Kuils Rivers in South Africa     

《国际泥沙研究》2016,(1):61-70

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The fluvial flux of particulate organic matter from the UK: the emission factor of soil erosion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Fred Worrall  Tim P. Burt  Nicholas J.K. Howden 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(1):61-71

Soil erosion has been identified as a potential global carbon sink since eroded organic matter is replaced at source and eroded material is readily buried. However, this argument has relied on poor estimates of the total fate of in‐transit particulates and could erroneously imply soil erosion could be encouraged to generate carbon stores. These previous estimates have not considered that organic matter can also be released to the atmosphere as a range of greenhouse gases, not only carbon dioxide (CO₂), but also the more powerful greenhouse gases methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O). As soil carbon lost by erosion is only replaced by uptake of CO₂, this could represent a considerable imbalance in greenhouse gas warming potential, even if it is not significant in terms of overall carbon flux. This work therefore considers the flux of particulate organic matter through UK rivers with respect to both carbon fluxes and greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that, although emissions to the atmosphere are dominated by CO₂, there are also considerable fluxes of CH₄ and N₂O. The results suggest that soil erosion is a net source of greenhouse gases with median emission factors of 5.5, 4.4 and 0.3 tonnes CO_2eq/yr for one tonne of fluvial carbon, gross carbon erosion and gross soil erosion, respectively. This study concludes that gross soil erosion would therefore only be a net sink of both carbon and greenhouse gases if all the following criteria are met: the gross soil erosion rate were very low (<91 tonnes/km²/yr); the eroded carbon were completely replaced by new soil organic matter; and if less than half of the gross erosion made it into the stream network. By establishing the emission factor for soil erosion, it becomes possible to properly account for the benefits of good soil management in minimizing losses of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere as a by‐product of soil erosion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A Hybrid Approach: Indirect Electro‐Oxidation Followed by In Situ Electrogeneration of H2O2 in Real Textile Effluent          下载免费PDF全文

Priyadharshini Aravind  Rajeswari Selvaraj  Angappan Sankarmahalingam  Subramanian Kandasamy 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(4):362-370

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