A NEW POMFRET SPECIES, PAMPUS MINOR SP. NOV.(STROMATEIDAE) FROM CHINESE WATERS     

刘静  李春生 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,(3)

Pmpusndnorliuetlisp.nov.(Fig.1)StroInateOdeampas,Cheng,l962,Fish.SouthChinaSea,761-762,fig.6l6(ZhaPO,GuanghallLangzhou,Shanwi,Nanao,GUangdongProvince).Inagnosis:Standrilengthofadultshort,notmorethanl5omm.Thehalbenl-shaPedspinesofdOhalandanalfinsareconspicuousinbOthjuvenileandadultfishandnoteInbeddedinskin.Eyeslmp,eyediameter2.8-3.5inheadlength.PamPhenoidofskullroundcurve-shaped,orbitalfossalarge,sedri-circularshaPed-Otoliththickandsolid,itsanteriornotchshallow-NuInberofprecaudaland…  相似文献   

Chemical composition of the Orion nebula derived from echelle spectrophotometry     

C.Esteban  M.Peimbert  S.Torres-Peimbert  V.Escalante 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,295(2):401-422

We present echelle spectroscopy in the 3500- to 7060-... range for two positions of the Orion nebula. The data were obtained using the 2.1-m telescope at Observatorio Astronómico Nacional in San Pedro Mártir, Baja California. We have measured the intensities of about 220 emission lines, in particular 81 permitted lines of C⁺, N⁺, N⁺⁺, O⁰, O⁺, Ne⁰, Si⁺, Si⁺⁺ and S⁺, some of them produced by recombination only and others mainly by fluorescence. We have determined electron temperatures, electron densities and ionic abundances using different continuum and line intensity ratios. We derived the He, C and O abundances from recombination lines and find that the C/H and O/H values are very similar to those derived from B stars of the Orion association, and that these nebular values are independent of the temperature structure. We have also derived abundances from collisionally excited lines. These abundances depend on the temperature structure; accurate t ² values have been derived comparing the O II recombination lines with the [O III ] collisionally excited lines. The gaseous abundances of Mg, Si and Fe show significant depletions, implying that a substantial fraction of these atoms is tied up in dust grains. The derived depletions are similar to those found in warm clouds of the Galactic disc, but are not as large as those found in cold clouds. A comparison of the solar and Orion chemical abundances is made.  相似文献   

The macrobenthic fauna of a former perennial and now episodically filled mexican saline lake     

Javier Alcocer  Alfonso Lugo  Elva Escobar  Malinali Sánchez 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1996,5(3):261-274

Totolcingo (El Carmen), a large and now episodically filled playa lake in the east-ernmost portion of the Mexican Plateau, filled with water in 1993. Water persisted for just one month (May). Alkaline (pH 10), saline (K₂₅ up to 30,000S/cm) waters, dominated by NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃, characterized the lake. The fauna was depauperate. The components of the fauna wereEphydra (Hydropyrus)hians Say (ephydrid),Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède (tubificid), andBerosus sp. (Coleoptera). The species in the lake were widely dispersed and typical inhabitants of saline lakes. Possible reasons for the depauperate fauna include (a) overall physical and chemical conditions, (b) unpredictable hydrology, and (c) the short (one month) inundation period prevented colonization.  相似文献   

The role of saline formation water in crustal cycling     

Lynton S. Land 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1995,1(2):137-145

Most sedimentary basins contain saline pore water. Saline formation waters can form during burial diagenesis as the result of normal processes of water/rock interaction involving incongruent halite dissolution, bittern salt destruction, and albitization of detrital plagioclase. The kinds of Na-Ca-Cl saline formation waters typical of sedimentary basins can also result from modification of surficial brines formed by the precipitation of NaCl from evaporated seawater. As the porosity of rocks is reduced during burial, discharge of saline formation waters contributes to crustal chloride cycling, and helps explain riverine chloride loads. During burial, the dissolution of metastable detrital minerals derived from crustal rocks in corrosive, saline water transfers incompatible elements such as Li and B from the igneous crust to the sedimentary crust. Similarly, albitization transfers Ca from the crustal silicate (igneous) mineral reservoir to the crustal carbonate and aqueous (sedimentary) reservoirs. Metamorphism and then melting of albite-enriched rocks accounts for the elevated sodium contents of igneous rocks relative to sedimentary rocks. In this way average sediments have become enriched through time in Ca, Cl, Br, S, Li, and B, and depleted in Na relative to average igneous crust.  相似文献   

Elemental and isotopic geochemistry in the hydrothermal area of Chaves,Vila Pouca de Aguiar (northern Portugal)     

L. Aires-Barros  J. M. Marques  R. C. Graça 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(4):232-238

Chaves thermal waters (76°C) are the most important external manifestations of low-temperature geothermal systems occurring in Portuguese mainland. They are related to crystalline granitic rocks. This paper describes the use of the environmental isotopic composition (oxygen-18, deuterium, and tritium) of hot and cold waters of the Chaves area as an important hydrogeological tool to solve specific problems arising in the appraisal of the geothermal resources of the area (e.g., origin and age of waters, recharge area, and underground flow paths).¹⁸O and D analyses seem to confirm the meteoric origin of Chaves thermal waters. The local altitude dependence of meteoric waters was determined by¹⁸O and D analyses of superficial and shallow groundwaters of the Chaves plain and its bordering mountains. Chaves thermal waters seem to be related to meteoric waters, infiltrated on the highest topography areas (Bolideira granitic outcrop NE Chaves), that percolate at great depth and emerge in a discharge area at lower altitude (Chaves plain). Chaves thermal waters showing little oxygen-18 shift and low tritium concentrations could be considered external manifestations of an old geothermal system in which the isotopic water-rock interaction is adjusted to equilibrium.  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemical outline of thermal waters and geothermometry applications in Anatolia (Turkey)     

Halim Mutlu  Nilgün Güle 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1998,85(1-4)

The chemical compositions of a total of 120 thermal water samples from four different tectonically distinct regions (Central, North, East and West Anatolia) of Turkey are presented and assessed in terms of geothermal energy potential of each region through the use of chemical geothermometers. Na–Ca–HCO₃ type waters are the dominant water types in all the regions except that Na–Cl type waters are typical for the coastal areas of West Anatolia and for a few inland areas of West and Central Anatolia where deep water circulation exists. The discharge temperature of the springs ranges up to 100°C, and the bottom-hole temperatures in drilled wells up to 232°C. Geothermometry applications yield reservoir temperatures of about 125°C for Central Anatolia, 110°C for North Anatolia, 136°C for East Anatolia and 251°C for West Anatolia, the latter agreeing with some of the bottom hole temperatures measured in drilled wells. The results reveal that the highest geothermal energy potential in Turkey is associated with the West Anatolian extensional tectonics which provides a regional, deep-seated heat source and a widespread graben system allowing deep circulation of waters. The North Anatolian region, bounded to the south by the dextral North Anatolian Fault along which most of the geothermal sites are located, has the lowest energy potential, probably due to the restriction of the heat source to local magmatic activities confined to pull-apart basins. The East Anatolian region (undergoing contemporary compression) and the Central Anatolian region (where the compressional regime in the east is converted to the extensional regime in the west) have moderate energy potential. Although the recently active volcanoes suggest the presence, at depth, of still cooling magma chambers that are potential heat sources, the lack of well-developed fault systems is probably responsible for the comparatively low energy potential of these regions. Almost all the thermal waters of Turkey are saturated with respect to calcite and, hence, have a significant calcite scaling potential which is particularly high for West Anatolian waters.  相似文献   

青藏高原及其周围植被对夏季气候影响的套网格数值试验比较   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

周锁铨 《南京气象学院学报》1998,21(1):85-94

利用钱永甫有地形５层原始方程模式,与颜宏等复杂地形条件下有限区域细网格模式进行单向嵌套,即初始场采用前者计算５ｄ后,得到各特征等压面上的高度场和湿度场,向后者每２４ｈ输送一次边界值。地－气模式采用经Ｄｅａｒｄｏｒｆ植被参数化修正的地面热量平衡方程进行耦合。在此基础上进行了夏季（７月）有植被和无植被两种情况的数值试验。有植被情况模拟的高度场、温度场与实测场的相关系数高于无植被的情况。试验发现,有植被比无植被情况的海平面气压场、低层高度场、潜热输送、整层大气湿度和降水量有所增加,而温度场和大陆热低压强度有所降低。  相似文献   

隐伏矿勘查经验与启示 ——从《信息找矿战略与勘查百例》谈起   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

施俊法  唐金荣  周平  金庆花  李友枝  朱丽丽 《地质通报》2008,27(4):433-450

以大型隐伏矿床的发现历史为依据,系统地总结了隐伏矿勘查的经验与策略,并从矿产勘查哲学的角度进行了深入的思考。针对拟寻矿床的地质特征。抓住深部关键的地质因素,查明地球物理和地球化学特征与它们的对应关系,把地球物理和地球化学判据转化成找矿标志,是提高隐伏矿找矿效率的关键。成矿作用的分带现象是一个普遍的规律,对于指导隐伏矿预测和矿床深部勘探具有重要的意义。直接信息是矿产勘查最可靠的信息。直接信息和间接信息并不是以学科划分的,在一定的条件下和一定的研究程度上两者可以转化。以直接信息为先导,实现从区域到局部的转变,使找矿迅速突破。必须充分重视各类方法的应用条件与前提。重视各种直接信息的挖掘与印证,加强各类方法的集成与综合。对于一个重要的成矿区（带）来说,随着地质研究与找矿工作的深入,需要不断地修订和调整勘查准则。矿产勘查投资是一种高风险、高效益的投资,是一项创造性很强的实践．集调查与研究于一体。矿产勘查不以研究“水平”论高低,而以“成败”论英雄;要看勘查的实效,而非理论的高深;要看是否见矿,而非勘查过程的简繁。经验与理论、科学与技术的交叉与融合是通向矿产勘查的成功之路。  相似文献   

Relationship Between the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Dominant Small Pelagic Fishes and Environmental Factors in Mauritanian Waters     

Ebango Ngando  Narcisse  Song  Liming  Cui  Hongxing  Xu  Shuangquan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(2):393-408

The relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes,including chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus),horse mackerel(Trachurus trecae)and round sardinella(Sardinella aurita),and the environmental factors in Mauritanian waters were analyzed by using 4 years of logbook data of commercial purse seine fisheries to improve the efficiency of fishery and management of sustainable exploitation.A Tweedie-generalized additive model(GAM)of 8-day average catches and the monthly geostatistical analysis of daily catches were used in this study to analyze the influence of environmental factors on catch per unit of effort(CPUEs)and to map the spatial distribution of three mixed dominant small pelagic fishes,respectively.A 10'×10' grid was used,and environmental factors were processed from remote sensing,including 8-day average sea surface temperature(SST),the nearest distance between SST fronts and CPUE position(Df),chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,salinity,and eddy kinetic energy.Results showed that 1)the distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes might be related to the intensity of upwelling in Mauritanian waters;2)oceanic fronts might play a key role in the ecology of chub mackerel,horse mackerel,and round sardinella;3)Chl-a concentration might be associated with the feeding grounds of chub mackerel;4)the target species distribution appeared sensitive to gradient changes in the amount of salinity;5)three zones(northern,central,and southern)with variable abundances were delineated;and 6)a high concentration of the center of gravity in the central zone might be related to the strong upwelling of nutrient-rich waters.This study can provide new insights to enhance the fishery efficiency and sustainable exploitation management of purse seiners in certain area off Mauritania.  相似文献   

CASE STUDIES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR TOTAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT     

Hongwei FANG 《国际泥沙研究》2003,18(2)

1 INTRODUCTION With advances in computer technology and numerical methods, three-dimensional (3D) mathematical models for sediment transport are gradually applied more often and for more practical projects of hydraulic engineering. Three-dimensional mathematical river models can describe not only the secondary flow, but also the transport, deposition, and erosion of sediment in the river channel and the flood plain. However, at present the theories of sediment transport are not as well de…  相似文献