软土中张紧式吸力锚破坏标准模型试验与有限元分析     

刘晶磊  王建华 《岩土力学》2013,34(9):2508-2514

为了确定软土中张紧式吸力锚的破坏标准,采用自主研发的电动伺服加载装置,在荷载和位移控制方式下进行了张紧式吸力锚在最佳系泊点受静荷载作用的承载力模型试验。结果表明：不同的破坏模式,锚破坏时对应的位移也不同。当锚为竖向破坏时,对应锚沿系泊方向的位移约为0.6倍的锚径;当锚为水平破坏时,对应锚沿系泊方向的位移约为0.3倍的锚径。同时,按照模型试验所得的破坏标准确定的吸力锚的极限承载力与极限分析法的预测结果吻合较好。对足尺锚进行了有限元分析,将分析结果与极限分析法的预测结果进行比较,验证了模型试验所得位移破坏标准的合理性。  相似文献   

丹巴水电站引水隧洞高地应力软岩段三维开挖方案优化研究     

蔡健  刘杰 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z2):356-362

采用摩尔-库仑弹塑性模型的有限元分析方法和岩体开挖卸荷理论, 并考虑地应力对隧洞的作用机制,建立丹巴水电站双洞四机引水隧洞软岩段三维开挖大型三维模型并进行岩体力学计算,分别以不同的掌子面推进深度进行开挖,从洞口开挖至一定深度。统计不同掌子面推进深度下各步开挖不同关键点处的位移变化情况,进行比选,建议工程实际应当选用的最佳掌子面推进深度;在该推进深度下,统计不同洞段不同位置的各向位移预留量,为超前支护的必要性提供依据和超前支护的施工提供数据支持,以保证工程施工的顺利进行,为后续类似工程设计提供参考。  相似文献   

弧形间隔排桩-桩顶拱梁空间抗滑结构理论研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张志伟  邓荣贵 《岩土力学》2013,34(12):3403-3409

为充分利用地形、地质结构和混凝土的材料特性,优化直线排桩的不利受力状态和提高其整体稳定性,提出了弧形间隔排桩-桩顶拱梁新型空间抗滑结构,即根据滑坡地形及地质条件弧形布设抗滑桩,桩顶设置连系梁,连系梁两端设置抗力桩,形成空间结构以抵抗滑坡推力。以抗滑桩与连系梁之间的作用力为冗力,分别建立了连系梁和抗滑桩的计算模型,并对连系梁的内力和抗滑桩的位移进行了理论分析,根据连系梁与抗滑桩连接处的位移协调条件,建立了力法典型方程求解冗力。最终得出了连系梁的弯矩、剪力和轴力以及抗滑桩的位移、内力理论计算公式。通过算例分析并与悬臂桩及直线排桩-桩顶连系梁抗滑结构比较,结果表明：空间抗滑结构中弧形连系梁的内力分布更加合理,弧形连系梁对抗滑桩的位移约束效果明显。  相似文献   

Near-surface structure and energy characteristics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current     

GAO Libao  YU Weidong  WANG Haiyuan  LIU Yanliang 《极地研究(英文版)》2013,(4):265-272

Historical surface drifter observations collected from the Southern Ocean are used to study the near-surface structure, variability, and energy characteristics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC）. A strong, nearly zonal ACC combined with complex fronts dominates the circulation system in the Southern Ocean. Standard variance ellipses indicate that both the Agulhas Return Current and the East Australian Warm Current are stable supplements of the near-surface ACC, and that the anticyclonic gyre formed by the Brazil warm current and the Malvinas cold current is stable throughout the year. During austral winter, the current velocity increases because of the enhanced westerly wind. Aroused by the meridional motion of the ACC, the meridional velocity shows greater instability characteristics than the zonal velocity does over the core current. Additionally, the ACC exhibits an eastward declining trend in the core current velocity from southern Africa. The characteristics of the ACC are also argued from the perspective of energy. The energy distribution suggests that the mean kinetic energy （MKE）, eddy kinetic energy （EKE）, and are strong over the core currents of the ACC. However, in contrast, EKE/MKE suggests there is much less （more） eddy dissipation in regions with strong （weak） energy distribution. Both meridional and zonal energy variations are studied to illustrate additional details of the ACC energy characteristics. Generally, all the energy forms except EKE/MKE present west-east reducing trends, which coincide with the velocity statistics. Eddy dissipation has a much greater effect on MKE in the northern part of the Southern Ocean.  相似文献   

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张永志  张永  武艳军  张本平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(2):8-12

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A generalized limit equilibrium method for the solution of active earth pressure on a retaining wall     

Chao-jun Ouyang  Qiang Xu  Si-ming He  Yu Luo  Yong Wu 《山地科学学报》2013,10(6):1018-1027

In this paper, a generalized limit equilibrium method of solving the active earth pressure problem behind a retaining wall is proposed. Differing from other limit equilibrium methods, an arbitrary slip surface shape without any assumptions of pre-defined shapes is needed in the current framework, which is verified to find the most probable failure slip surface. Based on the current computational framework, numerical comparisons with experiment, discrete element method and other methods are carried out. In addition, the influences of the inclination of the wall, the soil cohesion, the angle of the internal friction of the soil, the slope inclination of the backfill soil on the critical pressure coefficient of the soil, the point of application of the resultant earth pressure and the shape of the slip surface are also carefully investigated. The results demonstrate that limit equilibrium solution from predefined slip plane assumption, including Coulomb solution, is a special case of current computational framework. It is well illustrated that the current method is feasible to evaluate the characteristics of earth pressure problem.  相似文献   

均匀弹性分层介质模型中的同震位移、应变以及应力   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

郝金来  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》2012,55(5):1682-1694

地震发生时产生的同震位移、应变以及应力变化,特别是同震应力的变化,在地震触发等问题的研究中有着重要的意义.本文进一步发展了基于均匀弹性水平层状介质,利用广义反射透射系数矩阵和离散波数计算同震位移的方法,使之可以计算相应的应变、应力以及同震库仑应力变化.可适用于多种情况,接收点可以位于地表以及地表以下,震源类型可以是剪切位错源以及拉张位错源.通过与半无限介质的解析解相比较,结果一致,验证了方法的可靠性以及计算精度,可以用于计算地震之后库仑应力变化,为判断余震分布提供参考.在计算同震位移时,使用了梯形积分与Filon积分相结合的积分方式,即提高了同震位移计算的速度,又保证了计算精度,有利于反演问题研究.  相似文献   

地震散射波的高精度数值模拟与振幅分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘铁华 《地球物理学报》2012,55(4):1318-1324

随着地震勘探要求和技术的不断提高,散射波地震勘探方法逐渐引起人们的重视,尤其在构造复杂地区的高精度勘探中,散射波理论具有广泛的应用前景.本文在讨论了现阶段几种散射波数值模拟方法的利弊后,设计了一种基于微扰论的FK域积分法,在散射场的二次震源和空间能量衰减处理两方面做了改进,其计算精度和效率均得到了提高.此外,采用该算法针对散射波动力学进行了正演模拟试算,从扰动介质空间分布和扰动量两个角度定量地分析了散射波振幅动力学方面的特征.在此基础上得到了五个经验常数,并给出了对应的计算公式和物理意义,通过这五个常数可以划分散射波不同形态的动力学特征.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of spatially varying effect of ground motions on bridge pounding     

Bo Li  Kaiming Bi  Nawawi Chouw  John W. Butterworth  Hong Hao 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(14):1959-1976

Pounding between adjacent bridge structures with insufficient separation distance has been identified as one of the primary causes of damage in many major earthquakes. It takes place because the closing relative movement is larger than the structural gap provided between the structures. This relative structural response is controlled not only by the dynamic properties of the participating structures but also by the characteristics of the ground excitations. The consequence of the spatial variation of ground motions has been studied by researchers; however, most of these studies were performed numerically. The objective of the present research is to experimentally evaluate the influence of spatial variation of ground motions on the pounding behaviour of three adjacent bridge segments. The investigation is performed using three shake tables. The input spatially varying ground excitations are simulated based on the New Zealand design spectra for soft soil, shallow soil and strong rock using an empirical coherency loss function. Results confirm that the spatially nonniform ground motions increase the relative displacement of adjacent bridge girders and pounding forces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dynamic interaction of bridge–train system under non‐uniform seismic ground motion     

X. T. Du  Y. L. Xu  H. Xia 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(1):139-157

The probability that an earthquake occurs when a train is running over a bridge in earthquake‐prone regions is much higher than before, for high‐speed railway lines are rapidly developed to connect major cities worldwide. This paper presents a finite element method‐based framework for dynamic analysis of coupled bridge–train systems under non‐uniform seismic ground motion, in which rail–wheel interactions and possible separations between wheels and rails are taken into consideration. The governing equations of motion of the coupled bridge–train system are established in an absolute coordinate system. Without considering the decomposition of seismic responses into pseudo‐static and inertia‐dynamic components, the equations of motion of the coupled system are formed in terms of displacement seismic ground motions. The mode superposition method is applied to the bridge structure to make the problem manageable while the Newmark‐β method with an iterative computation scheme is used to find the best solution for the problem concerned. Eight high‐speed trains running over a multi‐span steel truss‐arch bridge subject to earthquakes are taken as a case study. The results from the case study demonstrate that the spatial variation of seismic ground motion affects dynamic responses of the bridge–train system. The ignorance of pseudo‐static component when using acceleration seismic ground motions as input may underestimate seismic responses of the bridge–train system. The probability of separation between wheels and rails becomes higher with increasing train speed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献