基于电磁感应仪的表聚型土壤盐渍剖面特征解译研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨劲松  姚荣江 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(5):67-72

针对目前黄河三角洲地区存在的土壤盐渍化问题,以该地区分布最广泛的表聚型盐分剖面类型为研究对象,运用磁感大地电导率仪EM38,建立了磁感式表观电导率和土壤盐分之间的(多元)回归模型,在分析土壤盐分剖面分布特征的基础上提出了指数衰减模型,并运用该模型对盐分剖面进行了参数拟合和验证。结果表明:磁感式表观电导率EMh和EMv呈极显著的线性相关,土壤盐分在垂直方向上的变异主要表现在表层0~25cm的深度范围内。统计分析和Friedman检验结果表明,回归模型和指数衰减模型均具有较好的拟合结果和预测效果,二者的预测精度差异也不显著,表明本文提出的指数衰减模型不仅能降低待估参数的数量、提高土壤盐分剖面磁感式解译的实用性,同时还具有较高的预测精度。该研究结果为利用电磁感应仪快速、精确地进行土壤盐分预测以及盐分剖面解译提供了一定的理论参考和实践依据。  相似文献   

电磁感应仪EM38用于土壤盐渍剖面分类与评价研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

姚荣江  杨劲松  刘广明  邹平  陈小兵 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2007,18(4):54-59

结合电磁感应仪EM38测量与田间采样,文章分析了黄河三角洲典型区域土壤电导率的剖面分布特征,建立了磁感式表观电导率与土壤电导率间的(多元)回归解译模型,探讨了不同分类方法对土壤盐渍剖面分类结果的准确性,并对典型盐渍剖面类型进行了评价。结果表明:研究区土壤盐分具有较强的表聚性与变异强度;土壤电导率与磁感表观电导率EMh、EMv间呈极显著的相关关系,EMh对浅层土壤电导率的解译精度较高,而EMv对深层土壤电导率的解译精度较高;EMv/EMh法和理论函数法对土壤盐渍剖面的分类结果均具有较高的精度,且理论函数法分类结果的准确性明显优于EMv/EMh法;研究区土壤盐渍剖面可划分为表聚型、底聚型与均匀型,在数量上以表聚型及底聚型为主,其中表聚型与均匀型属于积盐型剖面,底聚型属于脱盐型剖面。该结果对研究黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化的发生、机理、预测与评估该地区土壤盐渍化的发生、发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Separation of local and regional information in distorted GDS response functions by hypothetical event analysis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Patricia Ritter  Roger J. Banks 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,135(3):923-942

Electromagnetic investigations are usually intended to examine regional structures where induction takes place at a given period range. However, the regional information is often distorted by galvanic effects at local conductivity boundaries. Bahr (1985) and Groom & Bailey (1989) developed a physical distortion model for decomposing the MT impedance tensor, based upon local galvanic distortion of a regional 2-D electromagnetic field. We have extended their method to predict the magnetic variation fields created at an array of sites. The magnetic response functions at periods around 1000 s may be distorted by large-scale inhomogeneities in the upper or middle crust. In this period range, the data measured by a magnetometer array contain common information that can be extracted if the data set is treated as a unit, for example by using hypothetical event analysis. With this technique it is always possible to recover the regional strike direction from distorted data, even if a strong, spatially varying regional vertical field component is present in the data set. The determination of the regional impedance phases, on the other hand, is far more sensitive to deviations from the physical distortion model.
The approach has been used to investigate the Iapetus data set. For the array, which covers an area of 200  km × 300  km in northern England/southern Scotland, the technique revealed a common regional strike azimuth of ca . N125° E in the period range 500–2000  s. This direction differs from the strike indicated by the induction arrows, which seem influenced mainly by local current concentrations along the east–west-striking Northumberland Trough and a NE–SW-striking mid-crustal conductor. Both impedance phases are positive and differ by ca . 10°, which supports the assumptions of distortion fields in the data set and that the regional structure is 2-D.  相似文献   

A study of transient variations in the Earth’s electromagnetic field at equatorial electrojet latitudes in western Africa (Mali and the Ivory Coast)     

J. Vassal  M. Menvielle  Y. Cohen  M. Dukhan  V. Doumouya  K. Boka  O. Fambitakoye 《Annales Geophysicae》1998,16(6):677-697

In the framework of the French-Ivorian participation to the IEEY, a network of 10 electromagnetic stations were installed at African longitudes. The aim of this experiment was twofold: firstly, to study the magnetic signature of the equatorial electrojet on the one hand, and secondly, to characterize the induced electric field variations on the other hand. The first results of the magnetic field investigations were presented by Doumouya and coworkers. Those of the electric field experiment will be discussed in this study. The electromagnetic experiment will be described. The analysis of the electromagnetic transient variations was conducted in accordance with the classical distinction between quiet and disturbed magnetic situations. A morphological analysis of the recordings is given, taking into consideration successively quiet and disturbed magnetic situations, with the results interpreted in terms of the characterization of external and internal sources. Particular attention was paid to the effects of the source characteristics on the induced field of internal origin, and to the bias they may consequently cause to the results of electromagnetic probing of the Earth; the source effect in electromagnetic induction studies. During quiet magnetic situations, our results demonstrated the existence of two different sources. One of these, the S_R^E source, was responsible for most of the magnetic diurnal variation and corresponded to the well-known magnetic signature of the equatorial electrojet. The other source (the S_R*^E source) was responsible for most of the electric diurnal variation, and was also likely to be an ionospheric source. Electric and magnetic diurnal variations are therefore related to different ionospheric sources, and interpreting the electric diurnal variation as induced by the magnetic field diurnal variation is not relevant. Furthermore, the magnetotelluric probing of the upper mantle at dip equator latitudes with the electromagnetic diurnal variation is consequently impossible to perform. In the case of irregular variations, the source effect related to the equatorial electrojet is also discussed. A Gaussian model of equatorial electrojet was considered, and apparent resistivities were computed for two models of stratified Earth corresponding to the average resistive structure of the two tectonic provinces crossed by the profile: a sedimentary basin and a cratonic shield. The apparent resistivity curves were found to depend significantly on both the model used and the distance to the center of the electrojet. These numerical results confirm the existence of a daytime source effect related to the equatorial electrojet. Furthermore, we show that the results account for the observed differences between daytime and night-time apparent resistivity curves. In particular, it was shown that electromagnetic probing of the Earth using the classical Cagniard-Tikhonov magnetotelluric method is impossible with daytime recordings made at dip latitude stations.  相似文献   

利用不同盐度诱导长牡蛎三倍体的研究     

于瑞海  王昭萍  孔静  沈建平  左仔荣 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,45(1):26-29,82

采用低盐度(4、6、8、10、12、14、16)和高盐度(40、45、50、55、60、65、70)在40%~50%受精卵出现第一极体时处理10和15min,进行长牡蛎三倍体的诱导。在低盐度诱导三倍体实验中,随着盐度降低,D型幼虫孵化率逐渐降低,处理10和15min的卵裂率差异显著(P0.05),孵化率差异不显著(P0.05)。当盐度为8时,处理受精卵10与15min,三倍体诱导率最高分别可达84.4%和91.0%,两处理组三倍体诱导率差异显著(P0.05)。在高盐度诱导三倍体实验中,随着盐度升高,D型幼虫孵化率逐渐降低,处理10和15min的卵裂率和孵化率均差异显著(P0.05)。当盐度为55时,处理受精卵10min,三倍体诱导率最高为80.3%;当盐度为60时,处理受精卵15min,三倍体诱导率最高为97.1%,两处理组三倍体诱导率差异显著(P0.05)。研究发现,在盐度为8和60条件下,40%~50%的受精卵出现第一极体时,处理15min,长牡蛎三倍体诱导率最高。  相似文献   

积云模式下三维闪电分形结构的数值模拟   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郭凤霞  王昊亮  孙京  吴鑫  梁梦雪 《高原气象》2015,34(2):534-545

为了提高积云模式对雷暴云内电过程的模拟能力,将Mansell提出的放电参数化方案在起始击穿阈值和闪电通道感应电荷的分配过程上进行改进,耦合了已有的三维强风暴动力—电耦合模式中。对STEPS(Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study)试验中一次雷暴个例以及对中纬度地区理想雷暴个例的模拟表明,引入了新放电参数化方案的模式模拟出闪电在发展特性和几何结构上和观测结果有较好的一致性。模拟结果还表明:闪电的类型与极性取决于背景电荷结构以及闪电的起始位置,只有底部存在正电荷堆时才会产生负地闪,且负地闪的起始点均具有较高的负电势。闪电通道上感应电荷的沉降会改变通道附近水成物粒子上携带的电荷,这对雷暴云内复杂电荷结构的形成有重要作用。经统计,模拟的地闪和云闪通道的分形维数平均值分别为1.47和1.69。对起始击穿阈值的敏感性试验表明,随着起始击穿阈值的增大,首次闪电时间会向后推迟,当采用逃逸击穿时首次闪电产生的时间最早;闪电数量随起始击穿阈值的增大而减少;当使用固定击穿阈值(100,150和200 k V)时得到的云地闪比均小于使用逃逸击穿时得到的云地闪比,使用逃逸击穿时得到的云地闪比与观测结果最为接近。  相似文献   

Impact of the Vertical Velocity Field on Charging Processes and Charge Separation in a Simulated Thunderstorm          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Fei  ZHANG Yijun  ZHENG Dong  XU Liangtao 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(2):328-343

A three-dimensional(3D) charging-discharging cloud resolution model was used to investigate the impact of the vertical velocity field on the charging processes and the formation of charge structure in a strong thunderstorm. The distribution and evolution of ice particle content and charges on ice particles were analyzed in different vertical velocity fields. The results show that the ice particles in the vertical velocity range from 1 to 5 m s-1obtained the most charge through charging processes during the lifetime of the thunderstorm. The magnitude of the charges could reach 1014 n C. Before the beginning of lightning activity,the charges produced in updraft region 2(updraft speed 13 m s-1) and updraft region 1(updraft speed between 5 and 13 m s-1) were relatively significant. The magnitudes of charge reached 1013 n C, which clearly impacted upon the early lightning activity. The vertical velocity conditions in the quasi-steady region(updraft speed between –1 and 1 m s-1) were the most conducive for charge separation on ice particles on different scales. Accordingly, a net charge structure always appeared in the quasi-steady and adjacent regions. Based on the results, a conceptual model of ice particle charging, charge separation, and charge structure formation in the flow field was constructed. The model helps to explain observations of the"lightning hole" phenomenon.  相似文献   

煤岩体电荷检测在动力灾害预测中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐治  潘一山  李忠华  阎海鹏  李国臻  赵扬锋 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2010,21(3):109-112

文章为煤岩动力灾害的预测提供新的方法,针对大安上煤矿用岩体电荷辐射测试仪进行现场实验测试,得出:(1)大安山矿电荷感应幅值在300Pc以下,煤岩体比较稳定;(2)电荷感应幅值呈现出与周期来压一致的周期性变化;(3)电荷感应幅值最大处一般均在工作面前方10～16m,这与采掘工作面前方煤岩层的集中应力向煤体深部传播一致;(4)在测期间一直处于稳定状态,而测得的电荷感应幅值也较小,说明和实际比较符合。还简要介绍安装工艺。得出岩体电荷检测能对动力现象作出预测。  相似文献   

气体、泡沫等欠平衡钻井条件下感应测井应用分析     

甘孟光 《世界地质》2010,29(2):305-309

对气体、泡沫等欠平衡钻井条件下测井方式进行阐述,通过不同钻井液电阻率下对感应测井进行数字模拟,发现气体、泡沫等介质对感应测井影响较小。天然气介质和原油介质条件下感应测井现场实验的资料分析说明,感应测井在气体、泡沫等欠平衡钻井条件下可行。  相似文献   

iCAP 6300电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪的常规维护方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵庆令  李清彩 《岩矿测试》2014,33(5):767-772

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪在使用过程中,由于控制气体流量的电磁阀出现机械性移位,致使工作气流量过于偏大或偏小,对进样系统及分析数据产生不利影响;长期频繁使用条件下,由于控制光学系统的机械定位装置的磨损,致使谱峰坐标偏离而影响仪器灵敏度;很长时间不能"引燃"等离子体,检查进样系统和氩气纯度并没有发现异常,需要验证RF发生器有无功率输出时有一定的困难;在等离子体工作时产生的高温尾气的长期作用下,难免造成点火头末端铜丝的锈蚀,致使点火头放电微弱,不能"引燃"等离子体。因此,为保证仪器的正常运行,提高工作效率,确保检测数据的准确度,实验室应建立健全电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪维护保养方案,解决上述问题。本文结合实际工作经验,以iCAP 6300电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪为例,提出可以借助"Manufacturing and Service.exe"程序校正工作气流量,验证RF发生器是否输出功率;利用C 193.091 nm谱线为基准校正谱线修正CID检测器的谱峰坐标系统;另外,对点火头、分析软件数据库及主机灰尘的清理也进行了详细的维护说明,这些措施有益于保障仪器的性能及提高设备的利用率。  相似文献