氯代有机物的降解研究     

韩晓东 《地下水》2011,(6):168-170

对含氯类有机物的降解进行研究,提出,氯代烷烃的降解主要采用双金属体系法;氯代芳香烃的降解多采用光催化氧化法;对于氯代酚类则采用催化臭氧氧化法、超声波降解法等.  相似文献   

大连湾和杭州湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯和有机氯农药及风险评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姚婷  张蓬  赫春香  高会  周传光 《海洋科学》2014,38(7):47-56

对大连湾与杭州湾沉积物样品中多氯联苯(Polychlorinated Biphenyls,PCBs)和有机氯农药(Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs)进行了分析测定。结果表明,大连湾和杭州湾沉积物中PCBs的含量为0.72~14.87 ng/g和0.76~3.86 ng/g,其中3、4、5氯联苯比例较高,其和超过总含量的70%;OCPs的含量为2.98~32.23 ng/g和1.61~4.71 ng/g,其中主要成分为六六六(Hexachlorocyclohexanes,HCHs)和滴滴涕(Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylenes,DDTs)。大连湾和杭州湾表层沉积物中HCHs主要来自农业使用,而且大连湾有新的DDTs输入,杭州湾表层沉积物中的DDTs则主要来自历史残留。生态风险评价的结果表明,PCBs几乎不会对研究区域产生生态风险,OCPs对杭州湾也不会造成潜在的生态风险,但大连湾的OCPs处于中等风险水平,应当引起关注。  相似文献   

长江口嵊泗海域生物体内持久性污染物残留量及分布特征     

白有成  金海燕  卢勇  李宏亮  王奎  高生泉  陈建芳 《海洋学研究》2011,(3):162-168

利用2007年10月“908”项目调查期间采集于长江口嵊泗海域的生物样品,采用气相色谱和气相色谱质谱法对其有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量和组分特征进行了定量分析,并结合其它河口地区资料进行了对比,探讨了其残留量和分布特征,结果表明:研究海域各生物体内HCHs的总量水平为(6.0～20.3)×10-9,平均值为12.13×1...  相似文献   

微量注射器中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的残留与清洗研究     

魏峰  胡璟珂 《岩矿测试》2014,33(4):578-583

微量注射器越来越多地用于转移微量液体,但是微量注射器中有机化合物的残留可能造成的交叉污染易被忽视。本文系统地研究了微量注射器中有机氯农药类和多氯联苯类化合物的残留和清洗效果。结果表明,三个品牌的微量注射器清洗的难易不同,在选择微量注射器时应根据实验结果选择满足实验要求的类型;正己烷清洗液的体积与稀释倍数成正比,原因在于0.1 mL、0.2 mL、0.5 mL和1 mL第一针清洗液洗出的化合物质量接近,清洗液体积甚至与洗出化合物的量负相关,因此选用体积最小的0.1 mL效果和成本优势最大;相同浓度的有机氯农药类和多氯联苯类化合物清洗效果接近,原因可能是这两类化合物的理化性质相近;不同浓度的标准溶液需要清洗的次数不同,浓度越高的标准溶液需要清洗的次数越多。本文总结出三条清洗规律:①1 mL微量注射器中的残留量约为吸取量的1%左右;②第一针洗出化合物的量超过残留量的90%;③随着清洗次数的增加,呈现清洗效果越来越差、稀释倍数越来越小的趋势。根据这些规律,可以针对不同浓度的不同化合物采取相应的清洗措施,在标准溶液配制和气相色谱仪方法设置过程中更有效地预防污染和节约成本。  相似文献   

A Model Describing the Time Course and Variability in Toxicity of Hydrophobic Chemicals to Aquatic Organisms-Toxicity of chlorinated benzenes to marine algae     

Wang Xiulin  SHAN Baotian  GE Ming  ZHANG Lei  Zhu Chenjian  Han Xiurong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(1)

The growth of Chlorella marine, Nannochloris oculate, Pyramimonaos sp., Platymonas subcordiformis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum exposed to chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene was tested. The Boltzman equation was used to describe organism growth. The time course for uptake of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) by aquatic organisms was expressed by incorporating growth and, if desired, the effect of metabolism into the HOC bioconcentration process. The probability of any given concentration of HOCs in the organisms causing a specified toxic endpoint was expressed with a modified Weibull distribution function. The combined bioconcentration and probability equations were tested with data for time course of incubation of algae exposed to chlorinated benzenes (CBs). A set of parameters, including the uptake rate constant k1, the elimination rate constant k2 and thereafter the bioconcentration factor on a dry weight basis, BCFD, the critical HOC concentration in the organism resulting in a specified toxic endpoint, C*A, and the spread factor, S, could be obtained by fitting only experimental data for percent growth inhibition(%)-time-CB exposure concentration. The average coefficients of variation within CBs were 15.2% for BCFD, 21.0%for k1, 18.3% for k2, 8.1% for C*A and 9.7% for S. The variability in toxicity (such as EC10, EC50, ECg0) derived from the model equations agreed well with those experimentally observed.  相似文献   

International Pellet Watch: Global monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in coastal waters. 1. Initial phase data on PCBs, DDTs, and HCHs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yuko Ogata  Kaoruko Mizukawa  Satoru Iwasa  Yukie Mato  Keiji Okuda  Michio Murakami  Ruchaya Booyatumanondo  Le Quang Dung  Carlos Miguez  Charles Moore  Steven Weerts  Erick Burres  Michael Van Velkenburg  Richard C. Lang  Brenda Danner  Richard C. Thompson 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(10):1437-1446

Samples of polyethylene pellets were collected at 30 beaches from 17 countries and analyzed for organochlorine compounds. PCB concentrations in the pellets were highest on US coasts, followed by western Europe and Japan, and were lower in tropical Asia, southern Africa and Australia. This spatial pattern reflected regional differences in the usage of PCBs and was positively correlated with data from Mussel Watch, another monitoring approach. DDTs showed high concentrations on the US west coast and in Vietnam. In Vietnam, DDT was predominant over its metabolites (DDE and DDD), suggesting the principal source may be current usage of the pesticide for malaria control. High concentrations of pesticide HCHs were detected in the pellets from southern Africa, suggesting current usage of the pesticides in southern Africa. This study demonstrates the utility and feasibility of the International Pellet Watch approach to monitor POPs at a global scale.  相似文献   

重庆典型岩溶区地下河水体有机氯农药污染初步研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

杨梅  张俊鹏  蒲俊兵  扈志勇  孙玉川 《中国岩溶》2009,28(2):144-148

利用GC-ECD对重庆典型岩溶区地下河水体中有机氯农药(OCPs)进行检测,结果表明,地下河水中OCPs浓度为3.41～51.34ng/L,均值为13.23ng/L;滴滴涕(DDTs)浓度为0.07～2.37ng/L,均值为0.72ng/L;六六六(HCHs)浓度为1.16～39.82ng/L,均值为7.89ng/L。南川湾滩地下河水体有机氯农药污染最为严重,其上游纸厂排放废水是影响该地下河有机氯农药污染的主要原因。与国内外其它河流相比较,研究区地下河水体有机氯农药含量处于中低水平。由于岩溶区特殊的二元结构,地表水体一旦受到污染,将直接影响到地下水体。因此,对岩溶地下河进行有机污染物的调查研究具有重要的现实意义   相似文献   

珠江虎门潮汐水道难降解有机污染物入海通量研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨清书  麦碧娴  傅家谟  盛国英  罗孝俊  林峥 《地理科学》2004,24(6):704-709

对采自虎门潮汐水道狮子洋4个采样点表层水样中的多环芳烃、有机氯农药进行了定量分析.洪、枯水期水体中多环芳烃总量(颗粒相和溶解相)分别是786～964 ng/L、11 360～19 603 ng/L;有机氯农药总量分别是9.68～26.29 ng/L、41.65～96.23 ng/L.根据4个采样点洪、枯水期有机污染物浓度的平均值估算多环芳烃、有机氯农药的年均入海通量.初步估算结果显示:多环芳烃的总入海通量(溶解相和颗粒相)为438.4×103 kg/a,其中颗粒相是52.5×103 kg/a;16种优控多环芳烃的入海通量为247.9×103 kg/a.有机氯农药的总入海通量是2.6×103kg/a,其中六六六的入海通量为1.1×103 kg/a,滴滴涕类的入海通量为0.3×103kg/a,其它有机氯农药的入海通量为1.2×103 kg/a.  相似文献   

土壤中25种有机氯农药和多氯联苯的气相色谱分析方法研究   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

佟玲  吴淑琪  杨佳佳  张玲金 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):277-281

研究了土壤中17种有机氯农药和8种多氯联苯组分的气相色谱分析方法。采用加速溶剂萃取技术提取,优化了萃取条件。提取液用固相萃取技术进行净化,采用20 mL含3%(体积分数)甲苯的正己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比8∶2)进行淋洗,得到很好的净化效果。方法检出限在0.06~0.27μg/kg,线性范围在1.38~55.2 ng/mL,目标化合物的平均添加回收率在65%~97%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于17.11%。方法快速、灵敏、准确,适合批量样品的分析。  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides in water columns from the Pearl River and the Macao harbor in the Pearl River Delta in South China   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

Luo X  Mai B  Yang Q  Fu J  Sheng G  Wang Z 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,48(11-12):1102-1115

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in suspended particles and dissolved phase from the Baiertang water column and the Macao water column samples as collected from the Guangzhou channel of the Pearl River and the Macao harbor, where the sediments were heavily contaminated with organic pollutants. Total OCPs concentration varies from 23.4 to 61.7 ng/l in Baiertang water column and from 25.2 to 67.8 ng/l in Macao column, while total PAHs concentration varies from 987.1 to 2878.5 ng/l in the Baiertang water column and from 944.0 to 6654.6 ng/l in the Macao column. The vertical distribution profiles of pollutants and the partition of pollutants between particles and dissolved phases indicate that the sediments in Baiertang act as an important source of selected pollutants, and the pollutants in water of this region were mainly originated from the release and re-suspension of contaminants residing in the sediments. The sediments in Macao harbor act as a reservoir for organochlorine pesticides, such as DDTs mainly introduced by river inflow from Xijiang and PAHs input by brackish water from the Lingdingyang estuary. Combustion of fossil fuels and petroleum input are the main sources of PAHs in the Macao water column, while combustion of fossil fuels and coal is responsible for the PAHs in the Baiertang water column. The ratios of DDT/(DDD+DDE) for the Macao water column samples demonstrate that such chemicals were input into this region in recent times.  相似文献