Three sipunculan species (two new) from New Zealand     

S. J. Edmonds 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):217-224

Two new species of Sipuncula arc described from New Zealand; Phascolion temporariae from, the empty tubes of the polychaete Temporaria inexpectata (Mestayeri), and Phascolion tortum from the shells of four species of molluscs. Specimens of Golfingia improvisa (Theel) are also reported from the empty frustules of the foraminiferan Ammodiscoides mestayeri (Cushman) and the sandy tubes of the foraminifera Rhizammina sp. All the species were dredged at depths of 370–660 m from Taiaroa and Papanui Canyons, off the Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. The body cavity of several specimens of G. improvisa contained the larval stage of a nematode.  相似文献   

Impact of Ocean Mean Dynamic Topography on Satellite Data Assimilation     

F. BIROL  J. M. BRANKART  F. CASTRUCCIO  P. BRASSEUR  J. VERRON 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):59-78

The response of an eddy-permitting ocean model to changes imposed by the use of different mean dynamic topographies (MDT) is analyzed in a multivariate assimilation context, allowing the evaluation of this impact, not only on the surface circulation, but also on the interior ocean representation. The assimilation scheme is a reduced-order sequential Kalman filter (SEEK). In a first set of experiments, high resolution sea surface temperature, along-track sea surface height and sea surface salinity from climatology are assimilated into a 1/3° resolution North and Tropical Atlantic version of the HYCOM model. In a second experiment, in situ profile data are assimilated in addition to the surface measurements.

The first set of experiments illustrates that important differences in the representation of the horizontal model circulation pattern are related to differences in the MDT used. The objective of assimilation is to improve the representation of the 3D ocean state. However, the imperfect representation of the mean dynamic topography appears to be an important limiting factor with regard to the degree of realism obtained in the simulated flow.

Vertical temperature and salinity profiles are key observations to drive a general circulation ocean model toward a more realistic state. The second set of experiments shows that assimilating them in addition to sea surface measurements is a far from trivial exercise. A specific difficulty is due to inconsistencies between the dynamic topography diagnosed from in situ observations and that diagnosed from sea surface height. These two fields obtained from different data sources do not contain exactly the same information. In order to overcome this difficulty, a strategy is proposed and validated.  相似文献   

Drifting and Meandering of Olive Ridley Sea Turtles in the Bay of Bengal: Role of Oceanic Rossby Waves     

P. Shree Ram  Suryachandra A. Rao  Y. Sadhuram 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):372-378

Olive Ridley turtles in the Bay of Bengal are previously thought to migrate southward from their nesting ground, along the east coast of India (Orissa coast), towards Sri Lanka. Surprisingly, three of the four Platform Transmitter Terminal (PTT) attached turtles in April-June 2001 meandered off the east coast of India for about two months. It is found that these turtles meandered at the peripherals of cold core cyclonic eddy surrounded by warm core eddies on either side. Concentrations of prey for the turtles in those frontal regions are known to be abundant. Only one of the four PTT attached turtles migrated to the south along the frontal regions in the direction of geostrophic currents. It is found that the locations of these thermal fronts in the Bay of Bengal are primarily determined by the Oceanic Rossby waves and local Ekman pumping.  相似文献   

Modeling of circulation and salinity in Hooghly estuary     

P. C. Sinha  Y. R. Rao  S. K. Dube  A. D. Rao  A. K. Chatterjee 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):197-213

The circulation and salinity distribution in the Hooghly Estuary have been studied by developing a two‐dimensional depth‐averaged numerical model for the lower estuary, where the flow is vertically well mixed. This has been coupled with a one‐dimensional model for the upper estuary, where the flow is assumed to be unidirectional and well mixed over the depth and breadth. The Hooghly River receives high freshwater discharge during the monsoon season (June to September), which has significant effect on the salinity distribution in the estuary. The model‐simulated currents, elevations, and salinities are in good agreement with observations during the dry season. However, during the wet season the computed salinities seem to deviate slightly from the observed values.  相似文献   

渤、黄海冬季海冰对大气环流及气候变化的响应   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

刘煜  刘钦政  隋俊鹏  宋家喜  白珊 《海洋学报》2013,35(3):18-27

受全球气候变暖影响,渤、黄海冬季气候呈明显的变暖趋势。在1951-2010年共60年中,后30年较前30年,气温升高了1.6℃,升幅异常显著。与此相对应,渤、黄海冬季海冰的冰级下降了0.6级。渤、黄海冰情持续偏轻与全球气候变暖趋势相当一致。冬季渤、黄海气温异常是对全球大气环流变化的响应,直接受同期东亚大气环流制约。研究表明,渤海海冰和大气环流的关系是清楚的,这对预测渤、黄海海冰具有重要意义。  相似文献   

一种承压堵漏新方法的实验研究     

于娟  吴强  王理国 《海洋地质译丛》2013,(4):92-95,100

钻井过程中会遇到一些微裂缝地层,这往往要引起井漏.轻微的井漏可能只是耗费处理时间及成本,而严重井漏则可能会诱发诸如井塌、卡钻、井喷等一系列复杂情况或者事故,这将不仅影响钻井工作的效率,还带来巨大的经济损失.所以,堵漏是钻井过程中必须经常面对的问题,能够低成本地实现承压堵漏对于钻井井漏的处理就显得格外重要.使用新的材料/方法来提高地层的承压能力,即在抗高温聚磺钻井液中加入矿渣（KZ）,并在激活剂处理液中培养,配制出新型的堵漏钻井液体系.经过试验证明,加入KZ对钻井液常规性能的影响不大,不但能大幅度提高地层的承压能力,同时证明了激活剂对于激活KZ活性的可行性.对于抗高温聚磺钻井液,当KZ加量为30％、并且激活剂加量为30％时,试样的承压能力达到最大.此方法在一定程度上提高了微裂缝地层的承压能力.  相似文献   

过去60年中3—5年时间尺度的强ENSO过程与平流层环流异常的滞后耦合及其机理   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

任荣彩 《气象学报》2012,70(3):520-535

基于1950—2009年60a月平均Nino3指数和NCEP/NCAR第一套等压面再分析资料,关注3—5a时间尺度的强ENSO过程与平流层环流年际异常的时空联系及其机理,通过对此期间出现在3次持续强ENSO阶段中的11次3—5a时间尺度的强ENSO过程的诊断表明,平流层环流的年际尺度异常与3—5a时间尺度的强ENSO循环过程密切耦合。极夜急流强度趋于在ENSO暖/冷峰值之后减弱/加强,最大异常值多滞后ENSO峰值约1/4周期(接近1a),出现在ENSO峰值之后的下一年冬季;且3—5a时间尺度的ENSO峰值愈强,滞后约1/4周期出现的热带外平流层纬向风的年际异常也愈强;平均而言,这种年际时间尺度的耦合关系,也对实际的季节尺度平流层极涡振荡的强度和性质有显著的调制作用。进一步研究这种滞后耦合关系与年际时间尺度的行星波活动异常的联系发现,在暖ENSO峰值所在的当年冬季,对流层高层被强迫出年际时间尺度的太平洋-北美(PNA)型异常环流,而与冷ENSO峰值相对应的是相反的太平洋-北美异常型;这种太平洋-北美型与平流层热带外地区的行星波1波的发展相联系;在ENSO峰值之后的下一年冬季,太平洋-北美型环流减弱但对流层高层的主要异常分布在中高纬度,多对应着平流层行星波2波的显著增强,与平流层极区最强的高度异常相联系。行星波活动所引起的经向动量通量和经向热量通量的辐合、辐散异常对平流层滞后异常响应的贡献,存在显著的阶段性差异,在不同的阶段两者可以共同起作用,也可以分别起作用。  相似文献   

西江流域致洪暴雨的准双周振荡及大气环流模型   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

纪忠萍  胡丽甜  谷德军  吴乃庚  梁健 《热带气象学报》2011,(5):775-784

为了做好西江流域致洪暴雨的中期预报,采用小波分析、Lanczos滤波器分析了1961—2008年西江流域13次致洪暴雨期间降水与850 hPa风场的低频振荡特征,研究了850 hPa风场的10～30天低频传播对致洪暴雨的影响,并采用合成分析建立了由西风带系统导致的致洪暴雨准双周振荡的大气环流模型。结果表明,致洪暴雨期间降水主要以10～20天的准双周振荡为主,它们多数与西江流域850 hPa风场8～35天振荡的正位相有较好的对应关系。来自西江流域以南逐渐向北传播的低频纬向风或来自30 °N附近逐渐南传并加强的低频纬向风与多数来自西北太平洋向西传播的低频纬向风在西江流域相遇,是导致致洪暴雨具有准双周振荡的可能原因之一。当500 hPa巴尔喀什湖以东的高压脊开始隆起并逐渐东移,我国东北-华北-长江中下游逐渐转为明显的华北低槽控制,华南由青藏高原东部弱的西风槽转为明显的高空槽控制,副高不断加强西伸,同时850 hPa上空来自孟加拉湾穿过中南半岛的西南风不断加强,位于华南急流轴以西弱的气旋性弯曲也不断加强,地面上转为东高西低、等压线经向度明显,西江流域致洪暴雨开始并逐渐达到强盛期。这些特征可作为西江流域致洪暴雨的中期预报提供参考依据。   相似文献   

辽东-吉南成矿带成矿规律及找矿方向     

张广宇  欧阳兆灼 《地质与资源》2013,22(5):376-382

在系统分析区内成矿条件和区域成矿特征基础上,提出火山沉积变质型、海相火山喷气沉积-变质热液型、海底喷气沉积变质-岩浆热液改造型、火山热液沉积变质型为主攻矿床类型.通过对区内地质、矿产、物探、化探等资料的综合分析,并结合野外调查和室内研究,圈定了铁、铜、铅锌、金、银、硼等8处找矿远景区.  相似文献   

色那金矿石英二长闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征及其对成矿背景的约束     

段志明  李光明  张晖  李应栩  段瑶瑶 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(6):1864

色那金矿是西藏多龙矿集区内发现的一个浅成低温热液型金矿点,其成岩成矿时代一直缺乏精确的年代学约束。对该金矿石英二长闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、主-微量元素分析和Sr-Nd同位素组成研究,首次获得了多龙矿集区色那金矿赋矿岩石的成岩时代。石英二长闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（122.0±1.8）Ma,代表岩浆的结晶年龄。石英二长闪长岩具低硅（57.26%~58.88%）、高铝（16.58%~17.50%）、富镁（2.65%~2.98%）特征,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0.93~1.09,富集轻稀土元素（LREE/HREE=6.28~7.25）,δEu为0.85~1.05,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、U、La、Sr、Sm,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等,相对于原始地幔具高Sr\[(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.705 023~0.705 453\]、低Nd\[ε_Nd(t)=-0.18 ~ 2.43\] 的同位素组成和古老的Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄（T_DM2=0.78~1.03 Ga）,属于偏铝质-过铝质岛弧型花岗岩。多龙矿集区色那金矿早白垩世末岩浆活动与成矿作用很可能是班公湖-怒江洋向北俯冲诱发洋壳物质部分熔融,并有少量俯冲沉积物（3.1%~5.1%）和幔源岩浆参与部分熔融混合形成母岩浆,再经一定程度的分异结晶作用和接触交代作用而形成。  相似文献