Constraining anthropogenic CH4 emissions in Nanjing and the Yangtze River Delta,China, using atmospheric CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios     

SHEN Shuanghe  YANG Dong  XIAO Wei  LIU Shoudong  Xuhui LEE 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1343-1352

Methane （CH4） emissions estimated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） inventory method at the city and regional scale are subject to large uncertainties.In this study,we determined the CH4：CO2 emissions ratio for both Nanjing and the Yangtze River Delta （YRD）,using the atmospheric CH4 and CO2 concentrations measured at a suburban site in Nanjing in the winter.The atmospheric estimate of the CH4：CO2 emissions ratio was in reasonable agreement with that calculated using the IPCC method for the YRD （within 20％）,but was 200％ greater for the municipality of Nanjing.The most likely reason for the discrepancy is that emissions from unmanaged landfills are omitted from the official statistics on garbage production.  相似文献   

Bathymetric influence on dissolved methane in hydrothermal plumes revealed by concentration and stable carbon isotope measurements at newly discovered venting sites on the Central Indian Ridge (11–13°S)     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2014

Methane is a useful tracer for studying hydrothermal discharge, especially where the source fluids are of low temperature and lack metal precipitates. However, the dual origins of deep-sea methane, both chemical and biological, complicate the interpretation of methane observations. Here, we use both the concentration and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C) of dissolved methane to trace hydrothermal plumes and identify the source and behavior of methane at two sites of newly discovered hydrothermal activity on the Central Indian Ridge (11–13°S). At both sites, methane and optical anomalies between 2500 and 3500 m at all stations indicate active hydrothermal discharge. We compared methane concentrations and δ¹³C at three stations, two (CTIR110136 and CTIR110208) with the most prominent anomalies at each site, and a third (CTIR110140) with near-background methane values. At stations CTIR110136 and CTIR110208, the concentration and δ¹³C of methane in distinct plumes ranged from 3.3 to 42.3 nmol kg⁻¹ and −30.0 to −15.4‰, respectively, compared to deep-water values of 0.5 to 1.2 nmol kg⁻¹ and −35.1 to −28.9‰ at the station with a near-background distal plume (CTIR110140). δ¹³C was highest in the center of the plumes at CTIR110136 (−15.4‰) and CTIR110208 (−17.8‰). From the plume values we estimate that the δ¹³C of methane in the hydrothermal fluids at these stations was approximately −19‰ and thus the methane was most likely derived from magmatic outgassing or the chemical synthesis of inorganic matter. We used the relationship between δ¹³C and methane concentration to examine the behavior of methane at the plume stations. In the CTIR110208 plume, simple physical mixing was likely the major process controlling the methane profile. In the CTIR110136 plume we interpret a more complicated relationship as resulting from microbial oxidation as well as physical mixing. We argue that this difference in methane behavior between the two areas stems from a distinct bathymetric dissimilarity between the two stations. The location of CTIR110208 on the open slope of a ridge allowed rapid plume dispersion and physical mixing, whereas the location of CTIR110136 in a small basin surrounded by wall structures inhibited physical mixing and enhanced microbial oxidation.  相似文献   

春、夏季长江口及邻近海域溶解甲烷的分布与释放通量     

孙明爽  张桂玲  王岚  叶旺旺  任景玲 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(12):61-68

分别于2012年3和7月对长江口及其邻近海域进行了大面调查,测定了表、底层海水中溶解甲烷浓度,并对其海-气交换通量进行了估算。结果表明,春、夏季表层甲烷的平均浓度分别为(28.33±38.33)和(19.92±19.18)nmol·L-1,甲烷浓度从内河口向外海逐渐降低。长江口溶解甲烷浓度和饱和度有明显季节变化,其中春季内河口甲烷浓度和饱和度高于夏季,但外河口及邻近海域则相反,这主要是温度和长江冲淡水中甲烷浓度的季节差异造成的。该海域溶解甲烷的分布受陆源输入影响显著,夏季长江冲淡水影响范围较春季更广,但由于稀释效应夏季甲烷浓度低于春季。夏季沉积物的释放对河口区甲烷的贡献较春季更为明显。调查期间该海域溶解甲烷都处于过饱和状态,是大气甲烷的净源;根据W92公式初步估算出长江口及其邻近海区年释放CH4量约为8.81×108 mol·a-1,占全球海洋年释放量的0.08%,远高于其面积比0.01%,因此该海区是甲烷产生和释放的活跃海域。  相似文献   

南海F站位冷泉水体中的溶解甲烷     

张永  臧晚莹  杨庶 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(3):590-596

目前对南海北部陆坡的F站位冷泉的研究多从地质和生物角度开展,而冷泉羽流在水平和垂直方向上的扩散范围尚不清晰,其影响因素尚不明确。针对该问题,于2021年6月6~23日搭乘“科学”轮对该冷泉海域的溶解甲烷进行调查,使用搭载遥控无人潜水器(Remote Operated Vehicle,ROV)和温盐深系统(Conductivity,Temperature,Depth,CTD)的采水瓶采集了该冷泉及邻近水体中从近海底(距底2.5 m)至表层(5~10 m)多个层位的水样,并使用气相色谱仪在现场分析了水样中溶解甲烷的含量。结果表明,溶解甲烷在覆盖喷口的生物繁茂区水体中的含量为6 590~11 300 nmol/L,在生物稀少的毗邻区迅速降至85.0~354.8 nmol/L。水柱剖面的测量结果显示冷泉喷口区1 000 m以深的水体中溶解甲烷含量高于背景区,而1 000 m以浅的水体中溶解甲烷的含量与背景区相同(2.01~3.90 nmol/L);自喷口区顺流向下1 500 m处,甲烷羽流信号消失。综上结果,甲烷羽流的水平扩散距离≤1 500 m,上升高度≤125 m。溶解甲烷的含量在生物繁茂区的迅速降低是由于底栖生物对溶解甲烷的摄食所致,而其在繁茂区之外扩散过程中的逐渐降低是海水湍流混合导致的稀释效应所致。  相似文献   

Methane adsorption comparison of different thermal maturity kerogens in shale gas system     

Haiyan Hu 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(4):425-430

To determine the effect of thermal maturity on the methane sorption in shale gas system, two different thermal maturity kerogens of type II isolated from Barnett shale of Fort Worth Basin were used to measure the methane adsorption amount under the pressure ranging from 0 to 14 MPa at constant temperatures. One kerogen was called Lee C-5-1 with 0.58% of vitrinite reflectance; the other was called Blakely#1 kerogen with 2.01% of vitrinite reflectance. The results suggested that the methane sorption capacity of kerogen Blakely#1 was higher than the immature kerogen Lee C-5-1, and its Langmuir constant and Langmuir maximum sorption amount, which were reached by fitting the measured data for at least square method, greater than the immature kerogen Lee C-5-1. This may be associated with that nanopores opened up during the degradation of organic matter, and which increased the specific surface area of kerogen. Therefore, the over mature kerogen has greater methane adsorption capacity.  相似文献   

Advances on Studies of Methane in the Arctic Ocean     

Li Yuhong  Zhan Liyang  Chen Liqi 《地球科学进展》2014,29(12):1355-1361

Methane(CH₄) is an important greenhouse gas, CH₄ concentrations in atmosphere hve increased by 2-3 times since the Industrial Revolution. Considering the huge CH₄ storage in the Arctic Ocean, the fast increasing flux and their consequences are attracting more and more attention. This paper summarized the advances in the study of CH₄ in the Arctic Ocean, especially the distribution pattern and air-sea flux and its biogeochemical cycle in the Arctic Ocean. It also presented the research prospect for the future.  相似文献   

A peat core based estimate of Late-glacial and Holocene methane emissions from northern peatlands     

P. Steinmann  S. Huon  F. Roos-Barraclough  K. Fllmi 《Global and Planetary Change》2006,53(4):233

We estimate the intensity of Late-glacial and Holocene methane emissions from peatlands based on their paleo net primary production (PNPP). The PNPP is derived from the carbon accumulation rates of the studied bog profile (Etang de la Gruère, Switzerland), which are corrected for the degree of peat degradation. The obtained PNPP curve is taken as a proxy for methane emissions. It shows relatively high values (90 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1) early in the Bolling/Allerod and drops to low values (40 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1) during the Younger Dryas cold period. With the onset of the Holocene the PNPP increases strongly up to 150 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1 around ca. 10,000 Cal. yr bp. This is followed by a decline to minimum values (30 to 40 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1) between 6500 and 4000 Cal. yr bp. Thereafter, the PNPP starts to increase again to reach its highest value (175 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1) around 1000 Cal. yr bp.The PNPP curve correlates well with the evolution of the atmospheric methane concentrations as derived from Greenland ice-cores. For example, minima in atmospheric methane reported during the Younger Dryas and around 5200 Cal. yr bp are coinciding with the lowest values of PNPP and the negative atmospheric methane peak at 8200 Cal. yr bp corresponds to a marked decrease in PNPP.Our PNPP curve suggests that the methane emissions from northern peatlands evolved similar to those of low latitude wetlands and together they largely determined the evolution of atmospheric methane throughout the Late-glacial and the Holocene. The abruptness of the rise of atmospheric methane at the end of the Younger Dryas probably points to an additional source (e.g. marine gas hydrates), but very early in the Holocene the peatlands have likely become the dominant source of atmospheric methane.  相似文献   

Discovery of the southwest Dongsha Island mud volcanoes amid the northern margin of the South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Dongsha Basin, circling Dongsha Island that is amid the northern margin of the South China Sea, is characterized by thin (∼0.5 km) Cenozoic sediments veneering on thick (up to 5 km) Mesozoic strata. Recently, several geophysical and geological surveys, including multiple channel reflection seismic, sub-bottom profiling and benthic dredging, have been conducted on the slope southwest to the Dongsha Island, where the water depth varies from 400 m to 2000 m. A novel discovery is numerous submarine mud volcanoes of various sizes over there, typically 50–200 m high and 0.5–5 km wide. Geophysical profiles document their unusual features, e.g., roughly undulating seafloor, high-amplitude seabed reflectivity, foggy hyperbolic diffractions up to 50 m in water column above seabed, and internal reflection chaos and wipe-out down to 2–3 km level or deeper below the seabed. Benthic dredging from the mud volcanoes gives abundant faunas of high diversity, e.g., scleractinian (stony coral), gorgonian, black coral, thiophil tubeworm, glass sponge, bryozoan etc., indicating booming chemosynthetic community, among which the Lophelia pertusa-like coral and the Euretidae-like glass sponges are the first reports in the South China Sea. Concomitantly with them, there are also abundant authigenic carbonate nodules and slabs, raw, brecciated and breccias with bio-clasts congregation. Besides, there coexist massive mudflows and allogenic coarse-grained quartz, feldspar and tourmaline most likely brought out by mud volcanism. Geochemical analysis of the bottom water samples give dissolved methane concentration up to 4 times higher than the background average. These results lend comprehensive evidences for the ongoing and historical mud volcanism. The escaping methane gas is inferred to source mainly from the Mesozoic strata. Occupying a large province of the deep water slope, ca. 1000 km² or more, the mud volcanoes is prospective for gas hydrate and natural gas for the Dongsha Basin.  相似文献   

一个深海能源土弹塑性本构模型     

蒋明镜  刘俊  周卫  奚邦禄 《岩土力学》2018,39(4):1153-1158

天然气水合物赋存在低温高压环境中,会在土颗粒间形成胶结从而增大深海能源土抗剪强度。基于损伤力学理论,将结构性砂土本构模型推广应用于深海能源土分析中,模拟计算了三轴固结排水剪切试验,再根据应力-应变曲线关系定量反演初始屈服系数与水合物饱和度之间的函数关系,并修正了原有的结构性砂土破损规律,建立了深海能源土弹塑性本构模型。另外,根据该模型模拟了另外一组深海能源土三轴剪切试验和等向固结压缩试验。计算结果表明：新建立的深海能源土本构模型可以有效模拟深海能源土剪切强度随水合物饱和度之间的增长关系;随着水合物饱和度的增加,三轴压缩试验中深海能源土峰值强度及割线模量(E50)逐渐增加,等向固结压缩试验中屈服强度增加,与试验结果有较好的一致性,表明了该模型的合理性。  相似文献   

煤层气压裂中压裂液吸附特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丛连铸  陈进富  李治平  张遂安 《煤田地质与勘探》2007,35(5):27-30

在煤层气井压裂过程中,由于煤储层具有割理发育、比表面积大等特性,使煤层吸附压裂液而对煤储层造成严重伤害。使用IR和GC/MS分析仪等,对煤基质吸附压裂液进行了探索性试验研究,将复杂的压裂液体系简化为3类吸附组分,即GC/MS分析结果为代表的有机组分、无机物分析代表的吸附组分、瓜胶及其破胶后的断链有机物组分。通过无烟煤和长焰煤对压裂液的吸附试验及IR分析发现,煤样对有机成分有更强的吸附性能。   相似文献