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岩石应力敏感性是岩石内部微裂隙发育的一种反映,对于致密储层物性和成缝能力（可压性）评价具有重要作用。由于页岩油气储层基质模量高,对应力的敏感性相对较弱,需要寻求新的高灵敏度测试方法。尾波干涉是运用介质中的散射波来监测介质微弱变化的一种测量方法,对岩石应力变化具有较高的敏感性。借助GCTS RTR-1500高温、高压三轴测试试验系统,对重庆城口县下寒武统鲁家坪组露头页岩开展尾波干涉试验,研究了页岩尾波发育规律及其对应力的响应,分析了页岩在不同围压下的应力敏感性。结果表明：页岩尾波应力敏感性大于直达波,S波应力敏感性大于P波;尾波波速相对变化率随应力的变化能够较好地反映页岩内部裂隙的产生,与扩容点有很好的对应关系;围压使部分裂隙闭合,天然裂隙密度减小,页岩应力敏感性系数降低。尾波干涉可作为页岩的应力敏感性和成缝能力评价的方法。 相似文献
75.
选取2011年1月~2012年12月上海台网数据库中记录的37次ML≥2.0地震的数字地震波资料,利用单次散射的Aki模型,计算上海及邻区尾波Q值,拟合Q值对频率的依赖关系,结果为Q(f)=(176.2±87.26)·f0.898 4±0.290 8。与国内其他区域相比,本区域Q值偏大,对频率依赖性低。结合上海及邻区地质特征及同期小震空间分布特点,将研究区域划分为以下4个小震密集区:苏中沿海区域、南黄海区域、苏州—东海区域、宁波—舟山区域,分区进行Q值统计分析,表明尾波Q值数据能够较好地反映该区域地震活动性。 相似文献
76.
Scattering attenuation in short wavelengths has long been interesting to geophysicists. Ultrasonic coda waves, observed as the tail portion of ultrasonic wavetrains in laboratory ultrasonic measurements, are important for such studies where ultrasonic waves interact with small-scale random heterogeneities on a scale of micrometers, but often ignored as noises because of the contamination of boundary reflections from the side ends of a sample core. Numerical simulations with accurate absorbing boundary can provide insight into the effect of boundary reflections on coda waves in laboratory experiments. The simulation of wave propagation in digital and heterogeneous porous cores really challenges numerical techniques by digital image of poroelastic properties, numerical dispersion at high frequency and strong heterogeneity, and accurate absorbing boundary schemes at grazing incidence. To overcome these difficulties, we present a staggered-grid high-order finite-difference (FD) method of Biot’s poroelastic equations, with an arbitrary even-order (2L) accuracy to simulate ultrasonic wave propagation in digital porous cores with strong heterogeneity. An unsplit convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) absorbing boundary, which improves conventional PML methods at grazing incidence with less memory and better computational efficiency, is employed in the simulation to investigate the influence of boundary reflections on ultrasonic coda waves. Numerical experiments with saturated poroelastic media demonstrate that the 2L FD scheme with the CPML for ultrasonic wave propagation significantly improves stability conditions at strong heterogeneity and absorbing performance at grazing incidence. The boundary reflections from the artificial boundary surrounding the digital core decay fast with the increase of CPML thicknesses, almost disappearing at the CPML thickness of 15 grids. Comparisons of the resulting ultrasonic coda Q sc values between the numerical and experimental ultrasonic S waveforms for a cylindrical rock sample demonstrate that the boundary reflection may contribute around one-third of the ultrasonic coda attenuation observed in laboratory experiments. 相似文献
77.
基于Sato单次散射模型,利用黑龙江省大庆数字化测震台网近场数字地震波形记录资料,分析计算2005年7月25日大庆林甸M5.1地震后地壳介质的尾波Qc值变化,拟合Qc值与频率之间的依赖关系,为Qc=36.58±8.67f(0.9787±0.0837)。对大庆地区2005年7月至2006年2月的余震序列尾波Qc值变化特征进行分析,结果表明,主震后该序列尾波Qc值发生显著变化。 相似文献
78.
利用32个地震台站记录到的19次地震事件共487条垂直方向数字化波形记录,采用单台记录叠加频谱比法(SSR法)计算得到了每条地震记录在0.6～10Hz范围内共51个频率点的Lg尾波Q值,并统计得到了鄂尔多斯块体Lg尾波衰减的频率依赖关系.同时,利用遗传算法计算得到了鄂尔多斯块体Lg尾波在频率为1Hz处的衰减(Q0)值、频率依赖指数(η)值的空间分布,并计算了其误差的空间分布,讨论了成像分辨率.结果表明,鄂尔多斯块体虽然是一个稳定构造地区,但其Lg尾波Q0值低于加拿大地盾、西伯利亚地台的Q0值,其η值大于加拿大地盾、西伯利亚地台的结果,且其Q0值、η值具有横向不均匀性的特征.Q0值的空间分布与地震活动、地热流值分布具有较好的一致性. 相似文献
79.
In December of 1994 a fluid injection experiment which triggered several hundreds of microearthquakes was conducted at the KTB main borehole (Oberpfalz, Germany). These events were recorded with a temporal seismic network at the surface. Out of the complete data set, a cluster of five events recorded at four mini-arrays consisting of eight or nine stations was used to investigate the crustal scattering properties in the vicinity of the KTB. For this purpose, the 'Double Beam Method' (DBM; Krüger et al . 1993 , 1995 , 1996) and the 'Double Beam Imaging Method' (Scherbaum, Krüger & Weber 1997) were extended to curved wave fronts to drop the restriction of plane-wave propagation. This technique is used for imaging the crustal scattering strength using earthquake clusters recorded at close-by mini-arrays. The results of the array analysis show that the composition of the P coda is mainly affected by the site location of the arrays. Near-surface and deeper crustal scattering contribute in a very complicated pattern. Furthermore, with the present data set it was possible to identify reflections from the top of the Erbendorf Body. This is a very pronounced arrival in most of the recorded traces. In one of the arrays its amplitudes are even greater than the direct P phases. Five to eight coherent phases could be identified by the mini-arrays. Using only these phases, synthetic P -coda traces were constructed, which only contain the coherent part of the observed wavefield. By subtracting the synthetic coherent wavefield from the original traces we achieve a variance reduction in the P coda of up to 37 per cent. This leads to the conclusion that a large amount of the P coda at the KTB can be modelled by a simple deterministic single-scattering model using a small number of individual scatterers. 相似文献
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