Energy distributions of the large-scale horizontal currents caused by wind in the baroclinic ocean   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ZHOU Lei  TIAN Jiwei & WANG Dongxiao . Physical Oceanography Laboratory  Ocean University of China  Qingdao  China  . Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics  South China Sea Institute of Oceanology  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guangdong  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(12):2267-2275

Wind is the main energy source for the generation of the internal waves and the ocean mixing. Wunsch[1] estimated that about 1 TW (1 TW = 1012 W) energy was transported into the ocean from the winds by us-ing the altimeter data. Watanabe et al.[2] numerically calculated that the mixing processes obtained 0.7 TW energy from the global wind, which afforded most of the energy needed by the maintenance of the Merid-ional Overturning Circulation (MOC). During the past 50 years, in the Norther…  相似文献   

中国大陆7级强震前地下流体前兆时空特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

晏锐  黄辅琼  顾瑾平 《地震》2004,24(1):126-131

对中国大陆1969年以来11次7级强震前地下流体前兆观测资料分阶段进行统计分析,并选用雷达图描述了中国大陆7级强震前地下流体前兆异常的时空特征,认为其特征主要表现在：异常出现时间上的阶段性与不均匀性,中长期趋势性异常分散,短临异常相对集中,且各占总异常比例的50％左右;震前异常集中在一定的范围内,并沿活动断裂呈现出一定的集中性;中长期趋势异常较早出现在震源区附近,并呈现出由震源区向外围扩散-收缩-扩散-收缩的过程,特别是进入短临阶段后,异常向震源区收缩的趋势更为明显;在震源区(或在距震源较近的范围内)异常所占的比例大,远离震源区所占比例小,且有由震源区向外围逐渐减小的趋势。  相似文献   

风沙流中沙粒浓度分布的实验研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

王洪涛  董治宝  张晓航 《地球科学进展》2004,19(5):732-735

利用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）,在风洞内对与天然沙接近的石英沙风沙流沙颗粒浓度沿高度分布进行了研究。对 3种不同轴线风速研究结果表明,风沙流中沙粒浓度沿水平方向基本不变,而随高度呈指数衰减,而且其衰减速率与风速密切相关。风速越大,衰减速率越慢;风速越小,衰减速率越快。风沙运动一旦发生时,靠近沙床表面的沙粒浓度随风速变化很小,可以认为趋于稳定,达到最大值。  相似文献   

Ellipsoidal geoid computation   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

R. G.?HipkinEmail author 《Journal of Geodesy》2004,78(3):167-179

Modern geoid computation uses a global gravity model, such as EGM96, as a third component in a remove–restore process. The classical approach uses only two: the reference ellipsoid and a geometrical model representing the topography. The rationale for all three components is reviewed, drawing attention to the much smaller precision now needed when transforming residual gravity anomalies. It is shown that all ellipsoidal effects needed for geoid computation with millimetric accuracy are automatically included provided that the free air anomaly and geoid are calculated correctly from the global model. Both must be consistent with an ellipsoidal Earth and with the treatment of observed gravity data. Further ellipsoidal corrections are then negligible. Precise formulae are developed for the geoid height and the free air anomaly using a global gravity model, given as spherical harmonic coefficients. Although only linear in the anomalous potential, these formulae are otherwise exact for an ellipsoidal reference Earth—they involve closed analytical functions of the eccentricity (and the Earths spin rate), rather than a truncated power series in e². They are evaluated using EGM96 and give ellipsoidal corrections to the conventional free air anomaly ranging from –0.84 to +1.14 mGal, both extremes occurring in Tibet. The geoid error corresponding to these differences is dominated by longer wavelengths, so extrema occur elsewhere, rising to +766 mm south of India and falling to –594 mm over New Guinea. At short wavelengths, the difference between ellipsoidal corrections based only on EGM96 and those derived from detailed local gravity data for the North Sea geoid GEONZ97 has a standard deviation of only 3.3 mm. However, the long-wavelength components missed by the local computation reach 300 mm and have a significant slope. In Australia, for example, such a slope would amount to a 600-mm rise from Perth to Cairns.  相似文献   

激光跟踪仪测量精度的评定   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

于成浩  柯明  赵振堂 《测绘工程》2006,15(6):39-42

介绍了影响激光跟踪仪测量精度的各种因素及对其测量精度进行评定的意义、指标及方法,阐述了比较法在仪器现场检查和校准中的应用,并以100MeV直线加速器的测量控制网为例,说明统计分析法在验后精度评定中应用。  相似文献   

淮河流域5～6月降水的年际及年代际变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王然  于非  司广成 《海洋科学》2014,38(2):1-5

对淮河流域降水异常进行分析对于预测黄海绿潮具有重要意义。选取淮河流域10个站,长江流域15个站,通过对国家气象信息中心1951~2011年的逐月降水数据进行分析,研究淮河流域和长江流域5~6月平均降水异常。2000~2010年,淮河流域5~6月降水呈现增加趋势,与长江流域降水呈反位相变化。分别对淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与印度洋偶极子指数(Dipole Mode Index,DMI),以及太平洋年代际振荡(the Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)指数做相关性分析,结果表明:淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与6个月前的DMI指数达到最大正相关,与20个月前的北太平洋(20°N以北)SST呈现明显的负相关,与PDO指数达到最大负相关。这表明,PDO、DMI指数对淮河流域5~6月降水异常的年代际、年际变化具有明显的指示作用。  相似文献   

计算转换参数提高手持式GPS接收机定位精度的方法与探讨     

乔天荣 《测绘与空间地理信息》2012,35(4):97-99

通过在矿区施测的静态GPS控制测量,根据实际不同的坐标系工程用图需要,在矿区内均匀选择三个以上公共点的两套坐标,探讨对手持式GPS接收机求取其转换参数的方法,采用五参数转换法,求出转换参数,然后在手持GPS接受机上设置五参数来提高定位精度.  相似文献   

Analysis of mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter in a sandstorm course and its affecting factors in the Taklimakan Desert     

XinChun Liu  YuTing Zhong  Qing He  XingHua Yang  Ali Mamtimin  Wen Huo 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(3):0259-0264

During the course of a major sandstorm from April 17 to April 23, 2008 in the Taklimakan Desert, data pertaining to the mass concentrations of different-sized atmospheric particulate matter were observed continuously with Grimm 1.108, Thermo RP 1400a, TSP, and CAWS-600 instruments. The results showed that: (1) during the entire sandstorm process there were some differences between the daily mean particle concentration peaks and the hourly mean particle concentration peaks because the actual sandstorm lasted for only about 4 hr, whereas more particles were accumulated in the floating dust days before and after the actual sandstorm; (2) the intensity of the sandstorm was enhanced with the increase of wind speed, and this was related to the peak mass concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter; the wind speed directly affected the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter: the higher the wind speed, the higher the mass concentration (>0.23 μm was 39,496.5 μg/m³, and >20.0 μm was 5,390.7 μg/m³); (3) the concentration changes of PM₁₀ and TSP were also related to the course and intensity of the sandstorm; and (4) the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter had the following sequence during the dust weather: clear day < floating dust < floating and blowing dust < sandstorm. Temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure are important factors affecting the strength of storms, which could also indirectly affect the concentration change of atmospheric particulate matter.  相似文献   

江苏冬夏季人体舒适度指数异常的背景场研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

于庚康  徐敏  高苹  黄亮  罗艳  凌洋 《气象》2012,38(5):593-600

利用江苏地区37个气象观测站1980—2009年逐日资料,及同时段美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及北太平洋海温资料,通过合成和遥相关法,研究了当江苏冬、夏季人体舒适度指数（CIHB）出现异常偏高和偏低时,大气环流与北太平洋海温场的基本特征。结果表明：（1）CIHB偏高年较偏低年,冬季,东亚大槽偏浅,冬季风明显偏弱,尤其是北风分量偏弱最为明显,江苏上空下沉气流偏弱,均不利于冷空气东移南压以及向下入侵;夏季,副热带高压偏西、偏强,南亚高压偏东、偏北、偏强,夏季风明显偏强,尤其是南风分量偏强显著,导致往北的暖湿气流强盛,垂直运动总体偏弱,不利于夏季对流活动的发生。（2）冬季,CIHB偏高年中西太平洋的海温高于偏低年,尤其是在我国东部近海的黑潮区,偏暖幅度最为明显,无论是超前相关还是同期相关,西太平洋海温与冬季CIHB都是以正相关为主,其中暖池区的正相关最为显著。  相似文献   

2011年7月七大江河流域气候特点及降水异常成因分析     

周兵  王晓敏  刘秋峰  王东阡 《气象》2012,38(5):608-614

利用国家气候中心723站降水和气温资料、JRA-25和NCEP/NCAR I再分析资料数据集、NOAA气候预测中心海温资料等,采用线性趋势、动力诊断、相关分析、小波分析等方法,开展2011年7月我国七大江河流域气候特点及其变化特征研究,揭示长江流域主汛期降水异常的可能机理。结果表明：2011年7月七大江河流域降水量总体偏少,长江流域降水属异常偏少;流域气温持续气候变暖特征,以松嫩流域异常偏暖最为显著。降水变化线性趋势显示：珠江流域和长江流域为线性增加型;淮河流域为基本不变型;辽河流域、海河流域、黄河流域和松嫩流域为线性减少型。但降水具有显著年际变化外,长江流域、淮河流域、海河流域、黄河流域等具有显著年代际变化周期。2011年7月长江流域降水异常偏少的主要原因：大气对赤道中东太平洋外强迫的响应持续着La Nina的形态;副热带高压异常活动与东亚南风环流强度指数偏弱;长江流域整层水汽收支显著亏损,降水效率低。  相似文献