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11.
各国目前的国家自主贡献与实现《巴黎协定》温控目标的要求仍有较大的差距,各国进一步强化其自主贡献力度亟需公平的碳减排贡献分担作为目标参考。本文系统梳理了碳减排分配涉及的公平原则及其4个主要维度,即排放责任、经济能力、人均主义和国家主义,评述了依据不同维度或维度组合制定的分配方案的研究进展和存在的问题,并将该领域错综复杂的分歧矛盾分为3个层次,即公平原则维度的选择、分配机制的设计以及具体参数设置。研究发现,目前旨在指导各国提高自主贡献力度的公平分配研究在全面性、一致性和客观性方面仍有缺陷,特别是基于多元文献分析以及综合分配模型的综合分配研究不能全面客观地反映发展中国家对公平的关切。为此,本文针对性地提出了未来碳减排贡献分担综合研究的需求和方向,即需要系统阐述发展中国家视角的公平分配方案并构建一个全面、平衡、客观的综合碳减排贡献分担模型,以提升中国在这一问题上的话语权,在公平实现《巴黎协定》目标的进程中更好地发挥贡献者和引领者的作用。 相似文献
12.
国家自主贡献文件是《巴黎协定》后发展中国家气候资金需求信息的重要载体。发展中国家的气候资金需求日益增长,而发达国家提供的气候资金存在的不平衡与不充分等问题,已成为当前气候资金议题的主要矛盾。因此,本文依据最新的151份发展中国家的国家自主贡献文件,深入分析发展中国家自主提出的未来气候资金需求,并评估了各国自主贡献资金需求的合理性。研究发现,151个发展中国家中有84个国家提出具体的国家自主贡献资金需求,其国家自主贡献时间框架内的资金需求总值达4.4万亿美元;分析48个同时提出减缓与适应资金需求以及21个同时提出国内与国外资金需求国家的国家自主贡献文件得到,发展中国家资金需求类别中用于减缓与适应的资金需求比例约为6?4,国外资金需求与国内资金需求比值约为7?3;基于国家自主贡献文件估算的发展中国家累积减排量到2030年约119 Gt CO2-eq,自主贡献减排成本平均值为50美元/ t CO2-eq;发展中国家2015—2030年国家自主贡献资金需求预期为1万亿~4万亿美元,年均700亿~2600亿美元,其中国际资金需求为0.7万亿~2.8万亿美元,年均500亿~1900亿美元。 相似文献
13.
从南京市的矿业经济成分入手,对矿山布局、加工水平、资源经济和社会效益等方面进行了分析,显示了乡镇矿业经济的发展情况.运用统计分析的结果说明南京市矿业经济总体特征和制约其发展的因素.提出了矿业经济发展的“矿山环境恶化变量“的概念以及与治理成本的关系,阐述了采矿活动对环境破坏与恢复治理的动态平衡原理.就OR值的优化也提出了相应的对策.运用宏观经济学等理论分析了区域性矿业经济发展的态势,围绕资源价值的加工放大能力产生的效益反哺环境治理的可行性进行了探讨. 相似文献
14.
Simulated Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Atmospheric Methane over China: Contributions from Key Sources简 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We used the global atmospheric chemical transport model,GEOS-Chem,to simulate the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of surface-layer methane （CH4） in 2004,and quantify the impacts of individual domestic sources and foreign transport on CH4 concentrations over China.Simulated surface-layer CH4 concentrations over China exhibit maximum concentrations in summer and minimum concentrations in spring.The annual mean CH4 concentrations range from 1800 ppb over western China to 2300 ppb over the more populated eastern China.Foreign emissions were found to have large impacts on CH4 concentrations over China,contributing to about 85％ of the CH4 concentrations over western China and about 80％ of those over eastern China.The tagged simulation results showed that coal mining,livestock,and waste are the dominant domestic contributors to CH4 concentrations over China,accounting for 36％,18％,and 16％,respectively,of the annual and national mean increase in CH4 concentration from all domestic emissions.Emissions from rice cultivation were found to make the largest contributions to CH4 concentrations over China in the summer,which is the key factor that leads to the maximum seasonal mean CH4 concentrations in summer. 相似文献
15.
舒德干 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(5):I0002-I0002
Dear Authors and Readers：
First of all, on behalf of the new Editorial Board, I would like to express our sincere appreciation for your continuing support of our journal. This journal, founded in 1922, is the oldest geological journal in China. As the flagship journal of the Geological Society of China, it has become more and more influential in earth sciences in China and beyond. The journal is now indexed by SCI, CA and more than 20 other databases, with an impact factor varying between 1.58 and 2.15 from year to year. It is co-published by the Geological Society of China and Wiley-Blackwell Co. 相似文献
First of all, on behalf of the new Editorial Board, I would like to express our sincere appreciation for your continuing support of our journal. This journal, founded in 1922, is the oldest geological journal in China. As the flagship journal of the Geological Society of China, it has become more and more influential in earth sciences in China and beyond. The journal is now indexed by SCI, CA and more than 20 other databases, with an impact factor varying between 1.58 and 2.15 from year to year. It is co-published by the Geological Society of China and Wiley-Blackwell Co. 相似文献
16.
A core question still remains after the Paris Agreement: who receives how much of the remaining CO2 budget (resource/burden/effort sharing), so that the increase in the global average temperature is kept to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels? If converging per capita emissions serve as a possible answer to this question, the discussion focuses primarily on the approach ‘Contraction and Convergence’ (C&C). The Regensburg Model now offers a further option for the mathematical implementation of converging per capita emissions. The authors identify features common to C&C and differences from C&C. They show that, of the convergence models they examined, the Regensburg Model is the most favourable option for industrialized countries.Policy relevanceIn politics, the concept of converging per capita emissions is often accepted at the abstract level. Civil society in particular can then take politicians at their word wherever they take values calculated using the Regensburg Model as points of reference; then prosperous developed countries in particular whose nationally determined contributions do not come up even to these reference values will find it difficult to justify their contributions. 相似文献
17.
塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展和油气勘探主攻方向 总被引：48，自引：18，他引：30
“十五”以来,塔里木盆地石油地质攻关研究取得了多项新进展,主要表现在: 1)发现库车前陆盆地既富气也富油; 2)克拉通区下古生界碳酸盐岩油气富集受储层控制,斜坡带富油; 3)哈得逊周缘东河砂岩具有形成大型地层油气藏的地质条件; 4)塔中地区志留系发育岩性油气藏; 5)下白垩统克孜勒苏群是塔西南喀什凹陷北缘的主要目的层; 6)塔东地区原油裂解气勘探潜力颇大。近期的勘探思路是:以温宿凸起及周缘为重点,加强预探;积极评价轮南奥陶系潜山、塔中多目的层和哈得逊周缘石炭系3个有利区;准备塔西南西部、塔北西部英买力和塔东及塔东南地区3个新领域。 相似文献
18.
本文分析了热力、动力环境因子对与百年一遇超强台风“海燕”有相似路径的热带气旋的强度的影响。为了定量分析环境因子的相对重要性,将相似路径下的台风分为超强台风和一般台风两类。结果表明,相较于动力因子,热力因子对生成超强台风更为重要。根据BDI(Box Difference Index)指数的排序,选择925 hPa湿静力能MSE(Moist Static Energy)、950 hPa比湿、900 hPa温度作为重要预测因子来判断是否生成超强台风。此外,海洋热容量和台风移动速度在两类台风中有着明显差异,也可以作为辅助预测因子。最后,用WRF模式(Weather Research and Forecasting)设计理想数值试验,揭示环境温度和水汽垂直剖面对台风强度影响的相对重要性。敏感性试验结果表明,环境水汽和温度的相对贡献比约为1∶4,它们的共同作用使得相似路径下的一般台风可以发展成为超强台风。 相似文献
19.
Understanding where people depend the most on natural resources for their basic human needs is crucial for planning conservation and development interventions. For some people, nature is a direct source of food, clean water, and energy through subsistence uses. However, a high direct dependency on nature for basic needs makes people particularly sensitive to changes in climate, land cover, and land tenure. Based on more than 5 million household interviews conducted in 85 tropical countries, we identified where people highly depend on nature for their basic needs. Our results show that 1.2 billion people, or 30% of the population across tropical countries, are highly dependent on nature. In places where people highly depend on nature for their basic needs, nature-based strategies that protect, restore or sustainably manage ecosystems must be carefully designed to promote inclusive human development alongside environmental benefits. 相似文献
20.
量化湖泊与邻近陆地的表面温度差异,拆分生物物理因子对其贡献是明确湖泊气候效应的基础。本文基于耦合CLM4.5的CESM模式模拟的1991—2010年全球气候数据,分析了全球湖泊表面温度效应（湖泊与邻近陆地的表面温度差异）的时空格局,利用IBPM因子拆分理论量化了生物物理因子对其贡献。结果表明：① 湖泊表面温度效应的季节变化明显,但年际变化不显著,北半球湖泊最强增温（4.37 K）和降温效应（-0.99 K）分别出现在9月和4月。② 除干旱区湖泊呈降温效应外,其他气候区的湖泊以增温效应为主,热带湖泊增温效应最强。③ 湖泊表面温度效应的生物物理主控因子随气候区改变,湖陆之间的蒸发差异是干旱区湖泊呈降温效应的主控因子,较低的对流散热效率是热带和温带湖泊呈增温效应的主控因子,反照率差异和冰雪融化潜热分别对寒带、极地湖泊表面温度效应的正贡献和负贡献最大。全球尺度上,湖陆之间的对流效率差异（3.77±0.13 K）和蒸发差异（-2.01±0.1 K）对湖泊表面温度效应的正、负贡献最大。 相似文献