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71.
Mineralogic study of black inclusions in the Cumberland Falls enstatite achondrite revealed that they constitute a highly unequilibrated chondritic suite distinct from other chondrite groups. This highly shocked suite, the forsterite (F) chondrites, exhibits mineralogic trends apparently produced during primary nebular condensation and accretion over a broad redox range. We analyzed these samples and possibly related meteorites for Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, U and Zn, trace elements known to yield important genetic information. The results demonstrate the compositional coherence and distinctiveness of the F chondrite suite relative to other chondrites. The Antarctic aubrite, ALH A78113, may include more F chondrite material. Trace element contents do not vary with mineral compositions hence do not reflect redox variations during formation of F chondrite parental matter. Trace element mobilization—during secondary heating episodes in the F chondrite parent or during its disruptive collision with the enstatite meteorite parent body—is not detectable. Chemical trends in F chondrites apparently reflect primary nebular processes. Cosmochemical fractionation of lithophiles from siderophiles and chalcophiles occurred at moderately high temperatures, certainly higher than those existing during formation of primitive carbonaceous, enstatite and ordinary chondrites of petrologic type ≤3. 相似文献
72.
Barry G. Oliver Earl M. Thurman Ronald L. Malcolm 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(11):2031-2035
An operationally defined carboxyl content of humic substances extracted from rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwaters throughout the United States and Canada is reported. Despite the diversity of the samples, only small variations were observed in this humic carboxyl content. The dissociation behavior of two combined fulvic/humic acid extracts was studied and it was found that the dissociation of the humics varied in a predictable manner with pH. Using a carboxyl content of 10 μeq/ mg humic organic carbon, and mass action quotient calculated from sample pH, the ionic balances of three highly colored Nova Scotia rivers were estimated. 相似文献
73.
Multivariate numerical analyses (DCA, CCA) were used to study the distribution of chironomids from surface sediments of 100 lakes spanning broad ecoclimatic conditions in northern Swedish Lapland. The study sites range from boreal forest to alpine tundra and are located in a region of relatively low human impact. Of the 19 environmental variables measured, ordination by CCA identified mean July air temperature as one of the most significant variables explaining the distribution and the abundance of chironomids. Lossonignition (LOI), maximum lake depth and mean January air temperature also accounted for significant variation in chironomid assemblages. A quantitative transfer function was created to estimate mean July air temperature from sedimentary chironomid assemblages using weightedaveraging partial least squares regression (WAPLS). The coefficient of determination was relatively high (r2 = 0.65) with root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP, based on jack-knifing) of 1.13 °C and maximum bias of 2.1 °C, indicating that chironomids can provide useful quantitative estimates of past changes in mean July air temperature. The paper focuses mainly on the relationship between chironomid composition and July air temperature, but the relationship to LOI and depth are also discussed. 相似文献
74.
75.
José Carlos de Araújo 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(13):2005-2018
A new equation to assess hillslope sediment production, based on physical and probabilistic approaches, is presented. The equation, which allows the computation of the delivery ratio for every event, considers the physical variables of travel distance, stream power, settling velocity and gross erosion. The probability density function that arises from the new formulation is solved using the principle of maximum entropy. Based on data from five watersheds in both tropical and temperate zones, the new delivery parameter Kv is calibrated and associated with vegetation cover and conservation practice. The proposed equation is rationally based in relation to parameter Kv. The entropy‐based equation was applied to assess sediment yield in two other experimental watersheds, showing good predictability for the set (mean absolute error of 20·8%). No systematic error was found in the analysed data. The entropy‐based equation showed good predictability for long‐term sets of data and for high‐erosivity events, but did not perform well for the low‐erosivity ones. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
76.
基于MEM1谱分析的水文时间序列隐含周期特性研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
水文时间序列的隐含周期(本文将简单周期、复合周期及近似周期等统称为隐含周期)的识别、判定是一个重要而又较为困难的问题,相对成熟和有效的做法是对其进行频谱分析。建立在最大熵原理(POME)基础之上的MEM1谱分析,克服了传统谱分析方法的诸多不足,具有频谱光滑、分辨率高等独特优势。为此,以黄河花园口(秦厂)测站年径流系列、月径流系列和年最大洪峰流量序列隐含周期特性的研究为例,探讨了MEM1谱分析在水文时间序列隐含周期特性中的应用。 相似文献
77.
考虑利用卫星像片进行制图问题,对于需要两张或更多张卫片才能覆盖的地区进行连续制图时,需要研究多张卫片的图像镶嵌问题,利用二面投影原理对卫片原的镶嵌问题进行了研究,主要考虑两张相邻卫片的几何配准问题。 相似文献
78.
详细介绍了新型湿度检定箱内部气路原理及升降湿外围控制原理,并给出故障检修实例 ,供设备检定人员在维修工作中参考。 相似文献
79.
粘弹性介质中的地震波 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
给出了三元件的标准线性粘弹性固体在半平面内传播的地震波的解析解,它是由已知的弹性半平面内的解析解迭粘滞性解而得,从而克服了视地壳为二元件粘弹性体的Voigt模型或Maxell模型的缺点。 相似文献
80.
热带和热带外海表温度异常与低空环流特征比较 总被引:9,自引:7,他引:9
利用旋转主分量方法(RPC),在对西太平洋和印度洋1980年1月至1988年9月共105个月的月平均海表温度(SST)进行分析的基础上,提取热带模及高纬模两种SST异常(SSTA)分布。再通过分析同期850hPa,各气象要素在该两模上的投影,比较低层大气与不同纬度上SSTA相联系的异常特征。结果表明,无论是热带还是热带外地区,暖性SSTA上空均有正的水汽异常及平均流场对月平均水汽输送的异常辐合。两地区SSTA上空850hPa月平均异常的最重要差异表现在流场、高度场及温度场上。热带正SSTA上方850hPa位势高度及温度均为负距平,流场呈Gill型的气旋式异常环流。热带外正SSTA上方850hPa高度及温度均为正距平,流场则呈反气旋式异常环流。分析表明,高纬度的这种异常特征主要是由于中高纬度大气的地转性和斜压性较强所致。 相似文献