毛乌素沙区腹地提高飞播成效的技术措施研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李维向  闫伟  刘朝霞  武生荣  王长征  杨冬翔  盛文玉  高博 《中国沙漠》2009,29(1):114-117

飞播治沙造林作为一项快速有效的现代化造林措施,已经成为鄂尔多斯毛乌素沙区腹地植被恢复与建设的重要手段。长期的飞播造林实践表明：①在飞播区,设置沙障是提高飞播成效的重要途径。设置平铺式间距4 m行列式沙障和直立式间距6 m行列式沙障,飞播物种成苗率较高,比对照（CK）区的成苗率高出36.5%~37.1%。②飞播种子包衣、丸化处理,均能促进成苗,包衣处理更有利于飞播植物生长。飞播种子包衣、丸化处理与裸种相比,成苗率分别提高了10.6%和13.72%。而且包衣种子播后15 d,其根长、根条数、地径和高生长比对照分别高出11.93 mm、0.9条、0.29 mm和3.24 mm。③不论是在何种立地条件下,经过地面处理的样方内的飞播种子成苗量明显高于对照区样方内的成苗量,其中,采取综合措施的破土处理效果最好,成苗量是对照区的6~8倍。  相似文献   

岩溶地区石生蓝藻与岩溶发育关系研究展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

聂磊 《中国岩溶》2007,26(4):363-368

探讨了国内外石生蓝藻研究的进展,以及石生蓝藻与生物岩溶的可能联系。引入水- 岩- 气- 生物相互作用的整体概念,运用“ CO2 - 水- 碳酸盐”三相耦联开放岩溶动力系统观点,分析了光合原核生物的生命过程及其代谢产物对岩溶系统的可能驱动作用,指出以蓝藻对H2O和CO2 的利用为中心环节,通过研究其在不同小生境、不同类群、不同生态因子下的HCO3- 水平差异,可以为了解藻类的生理机能与生物岩溶强度之间关系提供重要信息。建议在地球生物学的研究尺度下,针对碳酸盐岩表面殖居藻类如何影响其周遍微环境CO2、水文动态进而影响岩溶的效应、蓝藻分泌的胞外有机酸的种类和强度、石生蓝藻碳酸酐酶( CA)活性与生物岩溶关系等问题展开探索。   相似文献   

山西种子植物区系地理研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

李跃霞  上官铁梁 《地理科学》2007,27(5):724-729

山西省植物种类多样性相对丰富,共有野生种子植物143科、816属和2576种,科内属种分布极不平衡,有趋向大科分布特点;山西种子植物区系以温带分布区类型占绝对优势,共有410属、1540种,分别占总种子植物总属数的50.2%,总种数59.8%;该区系具有一定数量的古老成分;地理成分混杂且具有明显的过渡性,在中国植物属的15个分布类型和31个变型中,该区系就占15个分布类型和16个变型。  相似文献   

甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长对NaCl胁迫的响应   总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12  

陈年来  马国军  张玉鑫  王春林 《中国沙漠》2006,26(5):814-819

在盆栽条件下研究了NaCl胁迫对黄河蜜和白沙蜜甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:NaCl胁迫对甜瓜种子吸水和累计发芽率影响较小,但明显延缓后期吸水和发芽进程。50 mmol·L-1以上NaCl浓度下,甜瓜种子相对发芽指数、相对活力指数和胚根生长量均下降。NaCl胁迫抑制甜瓜幼苗高度、株叶面积增长和干物质积累,抑制作用具有浓度和时间依赖性。NaCl胁迫对甜瓜幼苗形态生长的抑制作用强于对物质积累的抑制作用,对根系干物质积累的抑制作用高于对地上部干物质积累的抑制作用,对白沙蜜的抑制作用强于对黄河蜜的抑制作用。甜瓜种子和幼苗能适应的临界NaCl浓度在100~150 mmol·L-1之间,厚皮甜瓜可能更适合作为咸水灌溉和盐碱地生产的经济作物。  相似文献   

浑善达克沙地种子植物属的地理成分分析   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

张存厚  刘果厚  赵杏花 《中国沙漠》2006,26(6):1024-1032

运用植物区系地理学的基本原理,通过对浑善达克沙地种子植物属的组成、地理成分统计、排序和分析,结果表明:浑善达克沙地物种的多样性较高,属的分布区类型以温带成分占绝对优势,其中北温带分布型所占的百分比数最高,占本区种子植物区系中非世界属数的37.2%,其次是旧大陆温带分布,反映出该区系的温带性质,体现了浑善达克沙地植物分布与本地区的气候带相适应的结果。本区系具有一定数量的古老成分,地理成分混杂且具有明显的过渡性,同时该区系又具有明显的脆弱性;特有程度较低。  相似文献   

Factors influencing biodeposit production by the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii     

Kevin J. Collier  Susan J. Clearwater  Paula H. M. W. Neijenhuis  Susanna A. Wood 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(1):1-15

Laboratory experiments on the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii were used to investigate the short-term effects (7–8 days) of food type on rates of biodeposition and benthic substrate respiration. Post-feeding biodeposition rates ranged from 0.34 to 1.52?mg?g^?1?h^?1 (mean?=?0.50?mg g^?1?h^?1) and were unaffected by the addition of toxin-producing Microcystis. Addition of suspended sediment (30?mg?L^?1) visibly altered substrate composition, and increased total and inorganic biodeposit production rates by 24–33% compared to mussels fed commercial phytoplankton stock. Biodeposition rates of mussels in lake bed substrates were 38% higher than those in silica sand for identical feeding regimes, suggesting that a significant proportion of material produced in this experiment could have been derived from feeding on organic matter in the lake bed sediments. Respiration rates were higher in treatments with Microcystis but were unaffected by the presence of mussels. This laboratory study suggests that biodeposition by E. menziesii is resilient to short-term exposure to Microcystis, and highlights the ability of mussels to alter benthic substrate composition by incorporating suspended sediment into substrates.  相似文献   

地理国情监测水面数据时空一致性优化方法     

程滔  周旭  郑新燕  郭建坤  袁如金 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(9):1216-1224

地理国情监测利用遥感、地理信息等技术,动态获取地表覆盖等多样化的地理要素,经统计、分析、评价和应用,服务于政治、经济、文化、资源、环境等多个领域,为政府提供全面、准确、基础的地理信息情报。针对地理国情监测在全国范围基于多时相遥感影像采集水面信息存在时空不一致性的现状,提出一种基于精细DEM的水面数据时空一致性优化方法。利用栅格图形区域生长算法,采用8邻域算子,对水面种子点进行迭代生长计算,得出基于精细DEM的区域生长结果;通过与地理国情监测水面数据对比分析,实现空间化结果的修正,从而达到时空一致性优化的目的。分析了典型研究区水面数据特征,利用该方法进行了优化处理,结果显示：研究区水面数据空间范围相对于时点监测修正了7.99%,满足了地理国情监测时点一致性需求。研究表明：该方法的应用,能够使得在全国尺度上统计的水面数据反映同一季节或可接受时段内的状况,避免或缩小了由于影像数据源的差异造成的时间和空间上的不一致性带来的误差,满足了地理国情监测时点一致性需求,能够在地理国情监测等地表覆盖水面信息提取、优化中推广应用,为政府有效决策提供客观、准确和基础的水面信息。  相似文献   

Distribution and germination of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea     

ZHANG Yuyu  LU Songhui  ZHANG Chuansong  GAO Yahui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):121-128

The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated. The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 25 diatom species (including varieties) belonging to 16 genera were detected. Viable resting stage cells were common, on the order of 10³ to 10⁶ cells/g dry mass. The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina, S. dohrnii, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp., with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell. The effects of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25℃), salinity (20, 25, 30, 35 psu) and light intensity (0, 300, 4 000, 8 000 lux) on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined. The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells (p <0.01) and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness. Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination. The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea, which could serve as a "seed bank" in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.  相似文献   

蓝藻钙信号的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢永忠 《海洋通报(英文版)》2010,12(2):26-31

近年来对钙离子在蓝藻信号传导中的潜在作用进行了研究。大量证据表明,蓝藻能够“感知”与“区分”不同的环境刺激,并以钙瞬变的形式产生反应。这是不同的环境刺激所引起的钙离子的内流或外流的结果。由氮缺乏所引起的钙信号对丝状蓝藻鱼腥藻异型胞的分化非常关键。鱼腥藻PCC7120中钙结合蛋白（CcbP）的发现为钙信号在蓝藻中的作用提供了进一步的证据,CcbP的降解或表达下调是氮缺乏时钙信号产生的主要原因。但是与真核生物相比,蓝藻钙信号的编码与解码机制还不清楚。因此,为了解钙信号如何在蓝藻中发挥作用,还要进行系统的、深入的研究,特别是从细胞水平了解钙信号的动力学特征。  相似文献   

Ex situ cultivation of Aplysinaaerophoba close to in situ conditions: ecological, biochemical and histological aspects     

Anne Klöppel  Martin Pfannkuchen  Annika Putz  Peter Proksch  & Franz Brümmer 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(2):259-272

Sponges provide the largest number of biologically active natural products known from the marine environment and continue to be a very well studied phylum of marine fauna. The Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba accumulates brominated isoxazoline alkaloids such as Aplysinamisin-1, Aerophobin-2, Isofistularin-3 and the biotransformation product Aeroplysinin-1, which possesses, for example, antibiotic and cytotoxic properties. Until now, it is still being discussed which organisms – the sponge itself or associated microorganisms – are responsible for metabolite production. For cultivating Aplysina individuals under ex situ conditions, we surveyed relevant ecological factors in situ and controlled them in our aquarium system. We maintained A. aerophoba for more than 9 months and analysed changes of metabolite content and composition, microbial association as well as morphology in situ and ex situ under different light exposure. Although sponges showed slight reduction during maintenance, ex situ cultivation similar to in situ conditions provides a promising method to keep sponges and obtain their bioactive metabolites.  相似文献