Physical and chemical processes promoting dominance of the toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii     

Michele A. BURFORD  Timothy W. DAVIS 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(4):883-891

The freshwater cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wo?oszyńska) Seenayya and Subba Raju is a common species in lakes and reservoirs globally. In some areas of the world it can produce cyto- and hepatotoxins (cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins), making blooms of this species a serious health concern for humans. In the last 10-15 years, there has been a considerable body of research conducted on the ecology, physiology and toxin production of this species and this paper reviews these studies with a focus on the cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing strains. C. raciborskii has low light requirements, close to neutral buoyancy, and a wide temperature tolerance, giving it the capacity to grow in many lentic waterbodies. It also has a flexible strategy with respect to nitrogen (N) utilisation; being able to switch between utilising fixed and atmospheric N as sources of N fluctuate. Additionally this species has a high phosphate (DIP) affinity and storage capacity. Like many cyanobacteria, it also has the capacity to use dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Changes in nutrient concentrations, light levels and temperature have also been found to affect production of the toxin CYN by this species. However, optimal toxin production does not necessarily occur when growth rates are optimal. Additionally, different strains of C. raciborskii vary in their cell quota of CYN, making it difficult to predict toxin concentrations, based on C. raciborskii cell densities. In summary, the ecological flexibility of this organism means that controlling blooms of C. raciborskii is a difficult undertaking. However, improved understanding of factors promoting the species and toxin production by genetically capable strains will lead to improved predictive models of blooms.  相似文献   

Metagenome of microorganisms associated with the toxic Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa analyzed using the 454 sequencing platform     

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In this study, the 454 pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze the DNA of the Microcystis aeruginosa symbiosis system from cyanobacterial algal blooms in Taihu Lake, China. We generated 183 228 reads with an average length of 248 bp. Running the 454 assembly algorithm over our sequences yielded 22 239 significant contigs. After excluding the M. aeruginosa sequences, we obtained 1 322 assembled contigs longer than 1 000 bp. Taxonomic analysis indicated that four kingdoms were represented in the community: Archaea (n = 9; 0.01%), Bacteria (n = 98 921; 99.6%), Eukaryota (n = 373; 3.7%), and Viruses (n = 18; 0.02%). The bacterial sequences were predominantly Alphaproteobacteria (n = 41 805; 83.3%), Betaproteobacteria (n = 5 254; 10.5%) and Gammaproteobacteria (n = 1 180; 2.4%). Gene annotations and assignment of COG (clusters of orthologous groups) functional categories indicate that a large number of the predicted genes are involved in metabolic, genetic, and environmental information processes. Our results demonstrate the extraordinary diversity of a microbial community in an ectosymbiotic system and further establish the tremendous utility of pyrosequencing.  相似文献   

Role of pigments on algal communities and photosynthesis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A. Lami  P. Guilizzoni  D. Ruggiu  B. Polli  M. Simona  A. Barbieri 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1992,54(3-4):321-330

A one-year study of phytoplankton, primary production and related physical and chemical factors was made in a Swiss basin of Lake Lugano (Lago di Lugano). The chlorophylls and 12 carotenoids were analyzed with a TLC technique. The carotenoid monitoring was considered to be particularly interesting, because the role of these pigments in freshwater algae is still very poorly documented by field studies. The dependence of photosynthesis on several factors was statistically evaluated. Evidence was found of light-adaptation phenomena. The variations of photosynthetic activity and efficiency largely depended on the light regime in the few days before the field observations and on the cellular content of chlorophylls and single carotenoids, whose concentrations in their turn were closely linked with light, temperature, average cell size, and with the actual species assemblage.  相似文献   

苏鲁地区中寒武统张夏组藻灰岩及沉积相   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

江茂生  沙庆安 《沉积与特提斯地质》1996,16(5):12-17

鲁西、苏北地区中寒武统张夏组上部主要是藻灰岩与鲕粒灰岩互层沉积。根据藻类的宏观结构可划分为藻礁、藻叠层石、藻丘及藻斑块。显微镜下观察藻类主要由Ｅｐｉｐｈｙｔｏｎ组成。根据沉积相分析，研究区自东南而西北张夏组上部可划分为藻礁相、鲕粒滩相及藻坪相。藻灰岩的沉积与环境条件是密切相关的，其主要影响因素有海平面变化、沉积速率、碎屑物源供应及水动力条件等。  相似文献   

The cysts ofCeratium hirundinella: Their dynamics and role within a eutrophic (Lake Sempach,Switzerland)     

U. Pollingher  H. R. Bürgi  H. Ambühl 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(1):10-18

The dynamics of theCeratium hirundinella population and the abundance of dinocysts in the plankton and sediments were studied in Lake Sempach in 1988. In 1987, a rich population ofCeratium (380 cells ml^–1) accompanied byPeridinium spp. developed in the lake. The dinocysts were found entrapped in a kind of flocs, in the deepest part of the lake, in the upper flocculent layer. The number of viable cysts ofCeratium in the sediments decreased gradually from April to July 1988. TheCeratium population increased slowly starting in April, and reached a maximum number in August (31 cells ml^–1).Peridinium willei reached 100 cells ml^–1. Newly formed cysts ofCeratium were recorded in the plankton and sediments at the end of July — beginning of August. They appear in the sediments as separate cells. Their number increased gradually, reaching a maximum of 600 cysts l^–1 at the end of October.Ceratium formed more cysts than didPeridinium, but the rate of survival of theCeratium cysts appears to be lower than that ofPeridinium cysts. In addition to their biological functions, the cysts also have an impact on the ecosystem as carriers of nutrients from down to up and from up to down.  相似文献   

The Ultrastructure and Origin of Upper Sinian Cherts on the Southeast Continental Margin of the Yangtze Platform1     

Yi Haisheng  Zeng Yunfu  Xia Wenjie 《《地质学报》英文版》1994,7(4):389-400

Abstract Through microscopic and SEM observations and X-ray diffraction and energy spectrum analyses, the oldest sponge spicules and radiolarians have been found in bedded cherts and it is proposed that microbial activity of algae and bacteria played an important role in silica precipitation. The microbial activity resulted in the formation of a series of single crystals and crystal aggregates with peculiar shapes. Biogenic single crystals usually occur in spherical, rod, platy, colloidal and granular forms. The most common aggregates are framboidal aggregates composed of dense spherical quartz crystals, which are considered to be of typical bacterial origin. Other aggregates, such as favositic, double-spherical, chain -spherical and coccoid ones, are considered to be probably the result of silicification of algal cells and mainly of primary sedimentary origin. This paper also discusses the ultrastructural features and diagnostic indications of jasper rocks formed in a submarine hydrothermal environment and cherts formed by replacement and diagenetic recrystallisation.  相似文献   

吉林松江盆地大拉子组上段油页岩特征及成矿机制          下载免费PDF全文

杜江峰  刘招君张 健 张 雷贺君玲  任玉学王建东 《中国地质》2008,35(1):79-87

吉林省延边地区早白垩世大拉子组上段地层以含油页岩为特征。松江盆地大拉子组上段油页岩呈灰褐色或灰黑色,表现为纸片状和致密块状。有机质类型为腐泥型-腐殖腐泥型,含油率为3.8%～6.2%。大拉子组上段发育7个含油页岩层位,2号层和7号层为具有工业开采价值的矿层,产状不稳定,自东向西、由南向北累计厚度增大。致密块状油页岩发育于松江向斜轴部杨木屯地区、向斜北翼的老偏坡—东山一线,纸片状油页岩见于向斜南翼的杨木屯—松江镇北以及胜利屯一带。大拉子组上段地层可划分为两个三级层序,2号和7号油页岩矿层皆为半深湖-深湖成因,分别形成于层序I、层序II的高位体系域时期。湖水分层稳定、藻类勃发、半深湖-深湖长期滞水缺氧的还原环境、有机质有效聚集保存有利于油页岩成矿,频繁发育的重力流湖泊水下扇沉积则不利于成矿。  相似文献   

A COMPARISON OF EASTERN AND WESTERN HONG KONG PHYTOPLANKTON FROM WEEKLY SAMPLES （1997-1999）   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mike Dickman  Tang Sen-ming  Jessie Lai 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(1):52-61

Weekly phytoplankton samples were taken from western Hong Kong (Lamma) from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999 and from Port Shelter in Eastern Hong Kong from January 1998 to December 1999. During that time diatom blooms occurred repeatedly at both sites but never in synchrony. One species would bloom at one site and then weeks later it or another species would bloom at the other site; while the 1998 red tide of the mucus producing dinoflagellateGymnodinium mikimotoi occurred at both sites. It first occurred at the Port Shelter site in March and did not appear at the Lamma site until April. With the single exception of this species, no other dinoflagellate reached bloom concentrations at the Lamma site. In addition, dinoflagellate abundance at the Lamma site was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that at the Port Shelter site. This was correlated with a significantly higher turbidity (i. e. low Secchi transparency) and higher turbulence (stronger currents) at the Lamma site. Annual variation in surface temperature correlated with total surface phytoplankton abundance at both our sample sites. Phytoplankton abundance increased in spring as water temperatures warmed. In fall, as surface water temperatures began to decline and the monsoon rains became less frequent there was a reduction in phytoplankton abundance associated with the reduction in temperature and light. Because so many variables co-occur with temperature (e. g. the amount of rainfall light intensity and light duration etc.) it is not possible to cite temperature as the causal factor associated weth controlling phytoplankton abundance at our two sample sites. Our data support the rather controversial notion that percentage-wise, there are relatively more harmful bloom forming species in nutrient-rich coastal waters than there are in the world's oceans. 16% of the dinoflagellate species and 10.3% of the diatom species observed at our two sample sites were classed as harmful. These percentages were higher than those cited by Sournia (1995) for the worlds oceans (9.6% and 6.8% respectively). This raises the possibility that there are relatively more toxic species in the nutrient-rich coastal waters of the world than there are in the mid ocean nutrient-poor areas of the world. Some reasons for this are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China VI： The ecological variation process of the phytoplankton   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨东方高振会  孙培艳赵升 张友篪 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2006,24(2):186-203

1 INTRODUCTION In a marine area, temporal and special variation in phytoplankton growth is closely related with that of light, water temperature and nutrient. The key study in this paper is how environmental factors in- cluding light, water temperature an…  相似文献   

Changes in mixed layer depth and spring bloom in the Kuroshio extension under global warming     

Ruosi Zhang  Shang-Ping Xie  Lixiao Xu  Qinyu Liu 《大气科学进展》2016,33(4):452-461

The mixed layer is deep in January–April in the Kuroshio Extension region. This paper investigates the response in this region of mixed layer depth(MLD) and the spring bloom initiation to global warming using the output of 15 models from CMIP5. The models indicate that in the late 21 st century the mixed layer will shoal, and the MLD reduction will be most pronounced in spring at about 33?N on the southern edge of the present deep-MLD region. The advection of temperature change in the upper 100 m by the mean eastward flow explains the spatial pattern of MLD shoaling in the models. Associated with the shoaling mixed layer, the onset of spring bloom inception is projected to advance due to the strengthened stratification in the warming climate.  相似文献