Aftershock risk assessment and the decision to open traffic on bridges     

S. Alessandri  R. Giannini  F. Paolacci 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(15):2255-2275

Critical issues in emergency management after a seismic event are assessing the functionality of the main infrastructures (hospitals, road network, etc.) and deciding on their usability just after the mainshock. The use of a pure analytical tool to assess the aftershock risk of a structure can be contrasted with the limited time available to make a decision about the usability of a structure. For this reason, this paper presents a method for evaluating post‐earthquake bridge practicability based on a rational combination of information derived from numerical analyses and in situ inspections. In particular, we propose an effective tool to speed up the decision‐making process involved in evaluating the seismic risk of mainshock‐damaged bridges in the context of aftershocks. The risk is calculated by combining the aftershock hazard using the Omori law and the fragility curves of the structure, which are calculated using the regression analysis of a sample of results obtained with data randomly generated by the Latin Hypercube Sampling technique and updated based on the results of in situ inspection. Different decision criteria regarding the practicability of bridges are discussed, and a new criterion is proposed. This tool was applied to an old highway RC viaduct. There are two main findings, including the high sensitivity to Bayesian updating (especially when the damage predicted by numerical analysis does not match the real damage) and the criteria used to decide when re‐open bridges to traffic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不动产登记数据的建筑分层分户三维建模关键技术     

熊成利  龚旭峥  沈正中  龙容  王硕 《测绘通报》2022,(4):149-153

随着实景三维建设的不断推进,城市管理向立体化、精细化和数字化发展,建筑分层分户三维模型能够承载更详细精准的属性信息,并能叠加倾斜三维模型进行场景渲染,可以更好地服务于城市不动产三维管理、数字赋能社会治理等工作。本文以“萧山区数字赋能社会治理”项目建设为背景,探索和实现了基于不动产登记数据的建筑分层分户三维建模关键技术,形成了从全空间多源异构数据归集至城市全域建筑分层分户三维模型建设的一整套生产技术流程,为城市不动产三维管理、数字赋能社会治理等提供了有效的技术支撑和数据基础。  相似文献   

基于生成对抗网络的建筑物损毁检测EI北大核心CSCD     

葛小三  陈曦  赵文智  李瑞祥 《测绘学报》2022,51(2):238-247

建筑物作为自然灾害中最受影响的承灾体之一,其损毁信息的准确提取对灾后应急救援具有十分重要的意义。本文借鉴多模态的思想,提出了一种自动检测损毁建筑物的recursive-generative adversarial networks(RS-GAN)方法,将损毁建筑物检测分为灾前建筑物识别和灾后损毁建筑物检测两个任务,且分别在两个GAN分支中完成。RS-GAN加入联合损失函数将两个GAN分支进行连接,充分利用两个任务之间的潜在互利性提升检测效果。RS-GAN利用第1条GAN分支识别建筑物灾前形状与位置,并将识别结果作为第2条GAN分支的输入进行损毁建筑物检测任务,从而使检测结果具有更清晰的轮廓。该方法为端到端模型,在不需要过多的人工干预情形下,实现了损毁建筑物的自动检测。为了验证RS-GAN模型的效果,在圣罗莎和密苏里两个数据集上进行了测试。试验结果表明,RS-GAN方法拥有更好的检测性能,在圣罗莎数据集上的总体精度和平均精度分别达到了0.90和0.86。  相似文献   

上海征地房屋补偿新机制及其实施措施     

郦可 《上海国土资源》2013,(3)

对上海征地房屋补偿政策的发展过程作了概述,介绍了上海以管理主体重构、实施程序优化、补偿争议处置、补偿标准动态调整等为内容的征地房屋补偿新机制的构建及其框架,并对推进实施提出建议。  相似文献   

Numerical assessment of liquefaction mitigation effects on residential houses: Case histories of the 2007 Niigata Chuetsu-offshore earthquake     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2013

In this study, the effectiveness of liquefaction countermeasures for residential houses was explored using a fully coupled dynamic effective-stress finite element procedure. Numerical analyses were conducted on two wooden houses that were damaged to different degrees due to dune liquefaction during the 2007 Niigata Chuetsu-offshore earthquake. House A, which was only improved by horizontal drainage pipes to lower the ground water level, was completely destroyed; however, house B, which was improved by a horizontal drainage system, soil–cement mixtures, and steel-pipe piles, was slightly deformed. Numerical results show that the effects of the sand dune slope on the damage to the two houses were somewhat different. For house B, it was found that the steel-pipe piles were more effective. Two countermeasures generally led to a greater degree of reduction in both lateral and vertical displacements of house B than only a single countermeasure employed. In addition, the combined implementation of steel-pipe piles and soil–cement mixtures was the most effective among the cases with two countermeasures.  相似文献   

区域房屋震灾脆弱性模拟评估系统     

牛方曲  高晓路  季珏  郜允兵 《地震学刊》2012,(4):514-520

以中国县级尺度房屋结构数据库为基础,基于B/S（Browser/Server）架构,利用地震烈度图、地震烈度与房屋受损关系研究成果,构建了区域房屋震灾脆弱性模拟评估系统,实现了对各区域在不同等级地震发生时的房屋受损、受灾人口等情况进行模拟评估,分行政区和地震烈度区对灾害损失进行各种统计与GIS可视化表达,以及根据损失情况对灾害影响区进行脆弱性等级划分等功能。基于B/S架构的系统便于系统的应用普及,将进一步促进研究成果向应用的转化。本系统的构建将为从全国尺度和区域尺度把握房屋震灾脆弱性,以及制定各地区的防灾、减灾规划和灾后应急对策提供有效支撑,并为实现灾害防治的信息化管理提供参考。  相似文献   

复杂非均质场地条件下核电厂HPX泵房的静动力联合分析     

尹训强  袁文志  王桂萱 《岩土力学》2016,37(Z2):745-752

EPR核电厂循环水泵房(HPX)给循环冷却水(CRF)系统供水,为抗震Ⅰ类物项,厂址地基中非均质特性的影响尤为重要。以国内某核电厂实际厂址条件为背景,基于ANSYS分析平台建立了泵房-地基三维有限元整体计算模型,细致模拟捕虏体的力学特性和空间分布形态,并提出基于隐式Newmark的静动力时程分析法,对地基竖向变形及承载能力,基础底面接地率、抗滑和抗倾覆稳定性以及泵房主应力分布等进行了综合评价。计算结果表明,在该厂址实际的分布状态情况下,捕虏体的存在对泵房地基的安全性影响较小,局部压应力超标不影响整体稳定性,所评价指标均能满足规范要求,不需要进行地基处理措施,也验证了所建立静动力联合分析模型的可靠性及良好的工程适用性,结合ANSYS软件丰富的单元模型及非线性分析能力,该模型具有解决复杂核电结构非线性动力问题的潜力。  相似文献   

基于GIS的潍坊市住宅价格空间格局分析          下载免费PDF全文

蔡永宁  李云岭 《山东国土资源》2012,28(11):54-56,60

通过收集和整理有关潍坊市住宅小区价格的信息资料,运用地理信息系统的空间分析方法,利用Visifire插件绘制出该市住宅小区价格概率分布图,以揭示住宅小区价格的空间分布规律,并分析其形成的内在机制。初步得出潍坊市住宅价格空间格局的影响因子为:区位因素、市场供求因素、交通因素和环境因素。  相似文献   

Interfacial tension measurements and wettability evaluation for geological CO₂ storage     

C. Chalbaud  M. Robin  J-M Lombard  F. Martin  P. Egermann  H. Bertin 《Advances in water resources》2009

Interfacial interactions, namely interfacial tension, wettability, capillarity and interfacial mass transfer are known to govern fluid distribution and behavior in porous media. Therefore the interfacial interactions between CO₂, brine and oil and/or gas reservoirs have a significant influence on the effectiveness of any CO₂ storage operations. However, data and knowledge of interfacial properties in storage conditions are scarce. This issue becomes particularly true in the case of deep saline aquifers where limited, economically driven, data collection and archiving are available. In this paper, we present a complete set of brine–CO₂ interfacial tension data at pressure, temperature and salinity conditions, representative of a CO₂ storage operation. A semi-empirical correlation is proposed to calculate the interfacial tension from the experimental data. Wettability is studied at pore scale, using glass micromodels in order to track fluids distribution as a function of the thermodynamic properties and wettability conditions for water–CO₂ systems. With this approach, we show that, in strongly hydrophilic porous media, the CO₂ does not wet the solid surface whereas; if the porous media has less hydrophilic properties the CO₂ significantly wets the surface.  相似文献   

Seismic assessment of damaged piloti‐type RC building subjected to successive earthquakes          下载免费PDF全文

Jiuk Shin  JunHee Kim  Kihak Lee 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(11):1603-1619

Building structures damaged by a seismic event may be exposed to the risk of aftershocks or another event within a certain period. In this paper, the seismic assessment of damaged piloti‐type RC buildings was carried out to evaluate probabilistic retrofitting effects under successive earthquakes. First, a framework to evaluate the effectiveness of retrofitting was proposed, and then the proposed methodology was demonstrated with a structure retrofitted with buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs). For consideration of realistic successive earthquakes, past records measured at the same station were combined. Within the framework, a series of nonlinear time history analyses were performed for an as‐is model subjected to single earthquake, a damaged model subjected to successive earthquakes, and a damaged model retrofitted with BRBs subjected to successive earthquakes. In addition, fragility analysis was systematically applied in the framework for evaluation of effectiveness of the retrofitting strategy. The proposed framework was capable of quantifying the influence of successive earthquakes and evaluating the effectiveness of BRB retrofitting by considering the severity of the first earthquake damage and the hysteresis behavior of the retrofit element. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献