基于泛绿色设计的大庆油田受损湿地修复     

乔志和  赵树魁  梁彦涛 《湿地科学》2012,10(3):312-317

泛绿色设计是处理解决各种环境问题的新理念和新技术路线.泛绿色设计不是为解决单一环境问题而进行的工程建设,而是多目标的协调和共赢,尤为关注的是对人类行为的规范化设计,系统地、综合地、集约化地解决多方面的环境和生态问题.针对大庆油田受损湿地的现状和存在的各种问题,运用泛绿色设计理论与方法,在对受损湿地的修复方面,提出了一些新的对策与实施途径:首先从转变思想观念入手,进行规范油田生产行为的绿色设计,提出了构建油田生产活动绿色作业体系的新思路.在此基础上,提出了要开展遵循油田湿地生态系统内部结构特征的绿色设计;综合运用生态工程的绿色设计;城市湿地公园的绿色设计;生物质能生产基地建设的绿色设计等一系列工程技术措施.泛绿色设计所实行的软件工程与硬件工程相结合的新理念和技术路线,在大庆油田受损湿地修复上的运用,现已初见成效,并为创建绿色油田奠定了有利基础.  相似文献   

四川汶川Ms 8 级地震重灾区地质灾害危险性评价和预测     

张春山  孙炜锋  谭成轩  韩金良  何淑军  吴树仁  杨为民  王涛  张永双  石菊松 《地质通报》2009,28(8):1138-1145

在地质灾害调查和遥感解译资料的基础上,采用专家评判方法,利用GIS技术对重灾区14个县市的地质灾害进行快速定量的危险性评价,并在此基础上进行定性评价。强烈的地震诱发大量的次生地质灾害,主要为滑坡和崩塌,其次为地裂缝、泥石流和地面塌陷,局部有沙土液化,主要分布在龙门山断裂带附近及山区。总结了14个县市重灾区内地质灾害的分布特征,分析了地质灾害的形成条件,建立了地质灾害评价指标体系,确定了地质灾害危险性判别标准,进行了地质灾害危险区划。共划分为高危险区、中危险区、低危险区3个等级,在此基础上又划分了若干个亚区。对地质灾害的可能发生区带进行了分析预测,针对高危险区提出了相应的防治对策。  相似文献   

Numerical Analyses of the Influence of Blast-Induced Damaged Rock Around Shallow Tunnels in Brittle Rock   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

David Saiang  Erling Nordlund 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(3):421-448

Most of the railway tunnels in Sweden are shallow-seated (<20 m of rock cover) and are located in hard brittle rock masses. The majority of these tunnels are excavated by drilling and blasting, which, consequently, result in the development of a blast-induced damaged zone around the tunnel boundary. Theoretically, the presence of this zone, with its reduced strength and stiffness, will affect the overall performance of the tunnel, as well as its construction and maintenance. The Swedish Railroad Administration, therefore, uses a set of guidelines based on peak particle velocity models and perimeter blasting to regulate the extent of damage due to blasting. However, the real effects of the damage caused by blasting around a shallow tunnel and their criticality to the overall performance of the tunnel are yet to be quantified and, therefore, remain the subject of research and investigation. This paper presents a numerical parametric study of blast-induced damage in rock. By varying the strength and stiffness of the blast-induced damaged zone and other relevant parameters, the near-field rock mass response was evaluated in terms of the effects on induced boundary stresses and ground deformation. The continuum method of numerical analysis was used. The input parameters, particularly those relating to strength and stiffness, were estimated using a systematic approach related to the fact that, at shallow depths, the stress and geologic conditions may be highly anisotropic. Due to the lack of data on the post-failure characteristics of the rock mass, the traditional Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion was assumed and used. The results clearly indicate that, as expected, the presence of the blast-induced damage zone does affect the behaviour of the boundary stresses and ground deformation. Potential failure types occurring around the tunnel boundary and their mechanisms have also been identified.  相似文献   

西昌市某多层砌体结构抗震能力分析及加固建议     

梁永朵  姜金征  薛伟  顾娜 《东北地震研究》2011,27(2):23-29

多层砌体结构由于其施工简单、经济实用等自身优点,目前大量应用于我国的各类工业与民用建筑中。此类建筑物抗震鉴定对于抗震减灾意义重大。本文首先介绍了建筑结构抗震能力鉴定的流程,并结合西昌市某多层砌体结构的抗震分析,介绍了多层砌体抗震鉴定的一般流程、方法,并给出了抗震加固的建议,可为其它地震高烈度区多层砌体结构的抗震能力分析及加固提供参考。  相似文献   

再生混凝土砖砌体抗压性能试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹万林  王卿  周中一  董宏英 《世界地震工程》2011,27(3)

再生混凝土砖是利用废弃混凝土作为骨料制作的一种砖,作为再生混凝土砖砌体抗震性能研究的基础,文中进行了18个不同砂浆强度的再生混凝土砖砌体的抗压性能试验。测试分析了各试件的承载力、变形和破坏过程,得到了再生混凝土砖砌体的抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比。研究表明:再生混凝土砖砌体与普通黏土砖砌体相比,承载力略低,抗压强度退化略快,弹性模量和泊松比接近;随着砌筑砂浆强度的提高,再生混凝土砖砌体的承载力和变形能力提高,弹性模量增大。再生混凝土砖砌体可用于多层砌体房屋结构抗震设计。  相似文献   

Rapid repair of severely earthquake-damaged bridge piers with flexural-shear failure mode   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhiguo Sun  Dongsheng Wang  Xiuli Du  Bingjun Si 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(4):553-567

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of a proposed rapid repair technique for severely earthquake-damaged bridge piers with flexural-shear failure mode. Six circular pier specimens were first tested to severe damage in flexural-shear mode and repaired using early-strength concrete with high-fluidity and carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP). After about four days, the repaired specimens were tested to failure again. The seismic behavior of the repaired specimens was evaluated and compared to the original specimens. Test results indicate that the proposed repair technique is highly effective. Both shear strength and lateral displacement of the repaired piers increased when compared to the original specimens, and the failure mechanism of the piers shifted from flexural-shear failure to ductile flexural failure. Finally, a simple design model based on the Seible formulation for post-earthquake repair design was compared to the experimental results. It is concluded that the design equation for bridge pier strengthening before an earthquake could be applicable to seismic repairs after an earthquake if the shear strength contribution of the spiral bars in the repaired piers is disregarded and 1.5 times more FRP sheets is provided.  相似文献   

岩体中不连续块体的力学分析方法          下载免费PDF全文

刘钧 《地质科学》1991,(3):288-297

为了利用损伤力学理论分析岩体结构中的不连续块体,作者首先介绍了不连续块体的裂隙面积密度和等效损伤体等概念,进而分析了等效损伤体的损伤张量和真应力。在提出平均有效应力的概念之后,完成了有限单元法的离散化过程,最后给出了一个完整的计算不连续块体的数值方法。  相似文献   

Seismological models for mining-induced seismic events   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. Kuhnt  P. Knoll  H. Grosser  H. -J. Behrens 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,129(3-4):513-521

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辽宁省历史遗留和自然灾害损毁土地调查     

徐婵 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(3)

结合辽宁省历史遗留和自然灾害损毁土地调查工作,总结出一套适用于损毁土地调查与建库的工作流程,涵盖从数据准备、外业核查到内业汇总入库全过程,并对损毁土地复垦方向做出了科学、合理的评价,为其他省份开展历史遗留和自然灾害损毁土地调查提供借鉴和指导。  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土空心桥墩的振动台试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

申彦利  赵志宏  魏博 《世界地震工程》2021,(1):093-102

为研究空心桥墩的抗震性能及影响参数,对9个不同配筋率、配箍率和轴压比的试件进行振动台试验。研究了不同性能量化参数对破坏现象、加速度响应、动力放大系数、延性和耗能等的影响。结果表明:轴压比和配筋率较小时,裂缝开展较多且位置距墩底相对偏高。增大配筋率,加速度响应、动力放大系数和位移延性系数增大,耗能减小;轴压比的影响与配筋率相反。增大配箍率,加速度响应和动力放大系数减小,位移延性系数和试件耗能增大。可为矩形空心桥墩的抗震设计提供参考。  相似文献