Hydrologic and geomorphic processes in the Colville River delta, Alaska     

H. Jesse Walker  Paul F. Hudson 《Geomorphology》2003,56(3-4):291

The Colville basin drains the North Slope of Alaska and is one of several large Arctic river systems located within permafrost. The timing and style of fluvial processes in the earth's permafrost regions differ from those occurring in midlatitude settings. Moreover, in comparison to temperate-zone systems, rivers located entirely within permafrost perform most of their work during relatively short periods of time. This paper examines river ice hydrology and the resulting geomorphic processes that occur within the Colville delta, Alaska. Fluvial processes and landform development within the Colville delta occur after the flood-pulse is initiated by the breakup of river ice. During this 4-month period, the geomorphic processes are largely influenced by the movement of ice. The flood-pulse and accompanying river ice influences erosional and depositional processes and results in unique styles of sediment transport, deposition, and riverbank erosion.  相似文献   

A unified formulation of the piecewise exact method for inelastic seismic demand analysis including the P‐delta effect     

M. N. Ayd&#x;nolu  Y. M. Fahjan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(6):871-890

The non‐linear analysis of single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems provides the essential background information for both strength‐based design and displacement‐based evaluation/design methodologies through the development of the inelastic response spectra. The recursive solution procedure called the piecewise exact method, which is efficiently used for the response analysis of linear SDOF systems, is re‐formulated in this paper in a unified format to analyse the non‐linear SDOF systems with multi‐linear hysteresis models. The unified formulation is also capable of handling the P‐delta effect, which generally involves the negative post‐yield stiffness of the hysteresis loops. The attractiveness of the method lies in the fact that it provides the exact solution when the loading time history is composed of piecewise linear segments, a condition that is perfectly satisfied for the earthquake excitation. Based on simple recursive relationships given for positive, negative and zero effective stiffnesses, the unified form of the piecewise exact method proves to be an extremely powerful and probably the best tool for the SDOF inelastic time‐history and response spectrum analysis including the P‐delta effect. A number of examples are presented to demonstrate the implementation of the method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

松辽盆地南部十屋断陷古构造对营城组扇三角洲发育的控制   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

董福湘  刘立  何兴华  马艳萍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(4):464-468

在恢复古构造的基础之上，对比了松辽盆地南部十屋断陷营城组沉积时期的古构造格局与现令构造格局的异同。古构造对扇三角洲沉积体系的控制作用主要表现在：(1)主要基底断裂控制了扇三角洲的展布方向；(2)倾向与物源方向相反的断层和古地貌阻滞了扇三角洲的展布；(3)沉降中心控制了扇三角洲前缘的纵向叠置和发育。  相似文献   

再论印度—亚洲大陆碰撞的启动时间   总被引：39，自引：6，他引：39       下载免费PDF全文

王成善  李祥辉等 《地质学报》2003,77(1):16-24

利用沉积响应来识别印度－亚洲大陆碰撞启动时间是最直接和有效的方法之一。西藏仲巴错江顶群被甄别为碰撞型三角洲沉积，曲下组可能代表了碰撞启动时期的建造，藏南定日的海相白垩－古近系沉积演化，锶和碳同位素变化也支持两大陆碰撞启动时间大约在K／T界线时期，对比喜马拉雅西段碰撞启动时间并考虑大印度北缘失掉的宽度，提出两大陆量可能的碰撞启动时间是65Ma左右。  相似文献   

辽河小洼油田东营组沉积环境条件的研究     

周琦 《沉积与特提斯地质》1997,17(5):50-56

陆相盆地沉积作用主要受构造作用及古气候的控制，所以从区域构造背景出发，结合地层、古生物、沉积、地球化学等方面资料，对小洼油田东营组的沉积环境条件进行综合分析。确定了沉积物源来自北东方向的中央凸起，古气候属于半干旱—半潮湿的温带气候条件，水介质是弱还原性的淡水滨浅湖泊沉积环境。此时中央凸起上丰富的风化剥蚀产物经过河流的搬运和分异作用，进入湖盆中形成三角洲沉积体  相似文献   

The geomorphic dynamics and environmental history of an upper deltaic floodplain tract in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta,California, USA     

K. J. Brown  G. B. Pasternack 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(10):1235-1258

A multi‐proxy approach was used to examine the geomorphic dynamics and environmental history of an upper deltaic ?oodplain tract in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California. Three long cores were collected from the McCormack–Williamson Tract (MWT) and these cores were analyzed for bulk density, loss‐on‐ignition, ?ne (clay and silt) content, Al concentration, magnetic susceptibility, pollen, and charcoal. Radiocarbon dates obtained for the cores were converted into calendar years and an age–depth model was constructed. Long‐term vertical accretion and sedimentation rates were estimated from the age–depth model. Cross‐core relations show that coarse sediment generally accumulates more rapidly and has greater magnetic susceptibility compared to ?ne sediment. Percentage ?ne and LOI data show a strong linear relationship that indicates ?ooding is the primary mechanism for the deposition of particular organic matter on the ?oodplain and that landscape wash load has contributed a highly consistent fraction of persistent organic matter averaging 5·5 per cent to the site. Down‐core grain size pro?les show two hydrological domains in the cores, namely millennial ?ne–coarse ?uctuations superimposed on general up‐core ?ning. Coarse sediment is viewed as channel or near‐channel overbank deposits, whereas ?ne deposits are considered to be distal overbank ?ood deposits. The coarse–?ne ?uctuations are indicative of changing depositional settings as channels migrated laterally across MWT, whereas the upward ?ning trend re?ects a combination of self‐limiting overbank deposition as ?oodplain elevation increased and decreasing competence as sea‐level rise reduced ?ood‐pulse energy slopes. MWT has been cross‐cut and incised numerous times in the past, only to have the channels abandoned and subsequently ?lled by ?ne sediment. The channels around MWT attained their modern con?guration about 4000 years ago. MWT likely came under tidal in?uence at about 2500 cal BP. Wetlands have recently developed on MWT, but they are inorganic sediment dominated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

安塞油田杏河地区长6油层沉积微相研究     

秦敬  张金亮 《西北地质》2004,37(4):15-21

在岩心描述的基础上，对杏河地区长6油层沉积相进行了分析，提出了该区主要沉积相为湖泊环境的河控三角洲体系，主要为三角洲前缘亚相沉积，主要沉积微相有水下分流河道、分流河口砂坝、前缘砂席和分流间等，分流河道和河口砂坝是本区占主导地位的骨架砂体。该区长6油层的三角洲体系是安塞三角洲体系最早发育的一支，早期分流来自于北部，后期分流转由东北方向进入，由于各期分流河道迁移、袭夺、决口以及因压实的均衡调整等，从而形成三角洲复合体内部各分流三角洲砂体的相互叠置交错。根据岩心微相分析、小层砂体形态和测井剖面对比分析，对该区长6油层砂组及小层的沉积微相进行了研究，掌握了沉积微相的时空展布和变化规律。  相似文献   

黄河水下三角洲沉积物强度变化原位测试研究   总被引：14，自引：8，他引：14  

贾永刚  霍素霞  许国辉  单红仙  郑建国  刘红军 《岩土力学》2004,25(6):876-881

研究区位于1964～1976年黄河由刁口入海时形成的水下三角洲叶瓣上。1995年为石油开采在潮坪上构筑的交通设施对波浪形成良好的屏障。在屏障两侧各选一典型研究区，于1999年和2002年进行了大量对比性现场原位土工测试，探讨了波浪对黄河口沉积物的次生改造作用，结果表明：(1)较强的波浪荷载作用，不会提高海底沉积物的表层强度，只是导致不均匀程度随水动力作用的时间增长有所加大：(2)较强的波浪荷载作用，使得海底表层沉积物之下一定深度范围内土体强度提高，形成强度硬层：(3)海底沉积物强度沿着剖面线在平面上呈现周期性或间隔性变化。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格庙气田上古生界盒8段地质与地球物理响应特征     

王志雄  徐国盛 《物探化探计算技术》2004,26(1):27-32

苏里格庙气田主要产气层为上古生界石盒子组盒8段，属于三角洲平原分流河道沉积。复合砂体近南北向展布；单砂体的厚度变化大，非均质性明显，储渗变化大。盒8段含气砂岩在AVO资料上有明显反映；在综合测井资料上，盒8段表现出自然伽玛测井值、密度测井值、补偿中子测井值都偏低，电阻率、声波时差测井值较高，出现了大幅度的自然电位异常。利用核磁共振测井技术测得苏里格庙区某井盒8段3555．9m～3559．6m为气层，3560．6m～3572m为气水层，与生产实践吻合得很好。  相似文献   

百色盆地东部坳陷百岗组沉积特征与两侧构造活动的不同步性     

赵俊兴  陈洪德  李仲东  付锁堂  付金华  卜淘 《矿物岩石》2004,24(4):93-98

通过详细研究百岗组沉积相发育特征，将三角洲进行不同类型划分，认为百色盆地东部坳陷的南北两侧分别发育两套不同的沉积体系。沉积响应完整地记录了构造活动情况，在百岗早中期，盆地南部构造抬升强烈，北部构造相对稳定，三角．洲强烈向北西方向进积：百岗晚期，南部构造活动相对稳定，北部构造发生了强烈抬升。南部三角洲在百岗期表现为“发育-发展-稳定-萎缩”的一个完整的演化旋回特点，而北部扇三角洲则体现为“稳定-进积”的过程。整个盆地构造活动在百岗期表现出了两侧构造运动明显的不同步性。  相似文献