Nitrous oxide concentration and nitrification and denitrification in Zhujiang River Estuary, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XU Jirong  WANG Youshao  WANG Qinji  YIN Jianping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(3):122-130

1 Introduction Estuaries have been subject to intense anthro- pogenic influences over recent decades by inputs of ni- trogen as a consequence of fertilizer usage and sewage/waste input (Howarth et al., 1996). Thus, the capacity of an estuary to buffer or alleviate additional nutrients is of importance in modifying the load of ni- trogen in the marine ecosystem. The role of microor- ganisms in regulating fluxes of nitrogen from land to sea through estuaries has received increased attention (Ni…  相似文献   

The nitrogen cycle of an East Coast, U.K. saltmarsh: II. Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, tidal exchange     

S. Azni b Abd. Aziz  D. B. Nedwell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1986,22(6)

Measurements of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) showed greatest rates in the saltmarsh pans with a benthic layer of cyanobacteria present. The smallest amount of nitrogen fixation occurred on the marsh surface where a Puccinellia maritima/Halimione portulacoides plant association shaded the underlying sediment. Phototrophic nitrogen fixation was always greater than dark, chemotrophic, bacterial fixation.Only a small proportion of the total amount of ammonium, which was formed during detrital breakdown, was nitrified to nitrate. Although there is a high capacity for bacterial nitrate reduction in these sediments, the process is limited by low nitrate availability and most nitrate upon reduction is converted to ammonium rather than being denitrified to gaseous products. Denitrification does not, therefore, result in any great loss of nitrogen from the saltmarsh.There was little net import or export of nitrogen on an annual basis, although nitrate and organic-N in small particulate material was removed from tidal water by the marsh, and there was net annual export of ammonium, dissolved organic-N and organic-N in large particulate material. Losses of nitrogen by the small net tidal export and by denitrification were approximately balanced by nitrogen fixation. It was concluded that the nitrogen cycle of the Colne Point saltmarsh was balanced on an annual basis, with most nitrogen being recycled within the marsh. The saltmarsh did not apparently act as a net source of nitrogen for the adjacent estuary, although it may act as an important processor of nitrogen, removing some forms of nitrogen such as nitrate from tidal water while exporting other forms of nitrogen such as dissolved organic-N.  相似文献   

N₂O Production, Nitrification and Denitrification in an Estuarine Sediment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Usui  I. Koike  N. Ogura 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2001,52(6):769

The mechanisms regulating N₂O production in an estuarine sediment (Tama Estuary, Japan) were studied by comparing the change in N₂O production with those in nitrification and denitrification using an experimental continuous-flow sediment–water system with¹⁵N tracer (¹⁵N-NO−3 addition). From Feburary to May, both nitrification and denitrification in the sediment increased (246 to 716 μmol N m⁻² h⁻¹and 214 to 1260 μmol N m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively), while benthic N₂O evolution decreased slightly (1560 to 1250 nmol N m⁻² h⁻¹). Apparent diffusion coefficients of inorganic nitrogen compounds and O₂at the sediment–water interface, calculated from the respective concentration gradients and benthic fluxes, were close to the molecular diffusion coefficients (0·68–2·0 times) in February. However, they increased to 8·8–52 times in May except for that of NO−2, suggesting that the enhanced NO−3 and O₂supply from the overlying water by benthic irrigation likely stimulated nitrification and denitrification. Since the progress of anoxic condition by the rise of temperature from February to May (9 to 16 °C) presumably accelerated N₂O production through nitrification, the observed decrease in sedimentary N₂O production seems to be attributed to the decrease in N₂O production/occurrence of its consumption by denitrification. In addition to the activities of both nitrification and denitrification, the change in N₂O metabolism during denitrification by the balance between total demand of the electron acceptor and supply of NO−3+NO−2 can be an important factor regulating N₂O production in nearshore sediments.  相似文献   

Nitrite-induced enhancement of toxicity of phenanthrene in fish and its implications for coastal waters     

M. S. Shailaja  A. Rodrigues 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,56(5-6):1107-1110

Coastal areas are prone to varying degrees of anthropogenic chemical contamination. In many coastal environments experiencing reducing conditions in the water column, nitrite is produced as a result of denitrification. With a view to determining the effect of a natural stress such as the presence of nitrite in water on the xenobiotic metabolism in fish, the euryhaline cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus was exposed for up to 9 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of water-borne nitrite and phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.Analyses of different biomarkers in the treated fish indicated significant increase in the metabolism of phenanthrene as a result of exposure to nitrite. For example, the activity of the biotransformation enzyme measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was, in the presence of 1 μM nitrite, nearly twice that produced by phenanthrene alone. Similarly, biliary fixed fluorescence values reflecting phenanthrene and its metabolites were rendered 1.7 times higher when exposed simultaneously to nitrite. Contact with nitrite and phenanthrene together also led to severe hepatic damage with possible cell death as inferred from the large enhancement in sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in the serum and reduced liver somatic index.  相似文献   

Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Denitrification and Associated N2O Release in Estuarine and Marine Sediments     

SUN Pengfei  LI Kuiran  YI Shaokui  LI Hui  CHEN Xi 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):131-140

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)have been widely used in medicine and consumer products.And it enters the river in dif-ferent ways,then finally converges to the ocean through the estuary.AgNPs polution can affect NO₂?and N₂O production by denitri-fiers in aquatic system.The effects of AgNPs on denitrification activity,nitrogen transformation and nitrous oxide(N₂O)emission were investigated in Dagu River Estuary(DRE)and Jiaozhou Bay(JZB).The results showed that the potential denitrification activity(PDA),NO₃?and NO₂?reduction rates decreased with an increase of AgNPs concentration in DRE and JZB.However,the N₂O ac-cumulation was significantly increased at AgNPs concentrations above 5 mg kg^?1in both areas,and the accumulation rate was greater in estuary than in bay(P<0.05).Moreover,the total bacterial count showed a slightly increasing trend with an increase of AgNPs concentration(P>0.05)in DRE and JZB.Importantly,the relative abundance of narG,nirS and nosZ gene in two areas decreased with the increase of AgNPs concentration,and the negative effect of AgNPs varied in order:nosZ>nirS>narG,inferring that the expression of denitrifying related genes could be significantly and differently inhibited by AgNPs addition.Thus,this study demon-strated that the inhibitory effect of AgNPs on different denitrification process,which may lead to the increase of inorganic nitrogen accumulation and N₂O realease.This study provides a scientific basis for the further studies of AgNPs on the ecological impact mechanism and environmental effects of offshore sedimentary environment.  相似文献   

苏打盐碱土对氮转化的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张先富  李卉  洪梅  宋博宇  张福全  梁爽 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(4):1145-1150

以苏打盐碱土中的主要成分NaHCO₃作为主要影响因素,通过室内培养方法,研究不同苏打盐碱化条件对氮的吸附、矿化、硝化及反硝化作用的影响。结果表明,在不同NaHCO₃质量浓度影响下：NH⁺₄-N吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;矿化模型符合一阶动力学方程,随着NaHCO₃质量浓度的增大,潜在矿化势(M₀)和矿化速率常数(k_m)分别由358.48 mg/kg和0.088 d^-1降低到337.08 mg/kg和0.059 d^-1;硝化作用符合“S”形曲线模型,随着NaHCO₃质量浓度的增大,最大速率（k_max）由22.56 mg/(kg·d)降低到16.68 mg/(kg·d);反硝化作用符合零阶动力学方程,但NaHCO₃与Na₂CO₃混合质量浓度变化对反硝化速率常数(k_d)影响不显著。随着NaHCO₃质量浓度的增大,苏打盐碱土中NH⁺₄-N吸附、有机氮矿化和硝化作用均受到抑制。  相似文献   

The carbon dioxide system in the northwestern Indian Ocean during south–west monsoon     

Ludger Mintrop  Arne Krtzinger  Jan C. Duinker 《Marine Chemistry》1999,64(4):289

Data on the carbonate system of the Northwestern Indian Ocean obtained on a cruise of F.S. Meteor during SW monsoon in July/August 1995 were compared with those of George et al. [George, M.D., Kumar, M.D., Naqvi, S.W.A., Banerjee, S., Narvekar, P.V., de Sousa, S.N., Jayakumar, D.A., 1994. A study of the carbon dioxide system in the northern Indian Ocean during premonsoon. Mar. Chem. 47, 243–254] collected during intermonsoon. In general, deep water values agreed well between the two expeditions. Surface waters, however, showed a substantial increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (C_T) in the coastal regions due to strong upwelling in the SW monsoon. This was also accompanied by very high CO₂ partial pressures in surface waters. The north–south gradients in vertical profiles of the measured parameters in the Arabian Sea are discussed by comparing profiles from the oligotrophic equatorial region with those from the highly productive central Arabian Sea. The effect of denitrification on regenerated C_T and A_T is minor, with contributions of <9 and <8 μmol kg⁻¹, respectively, to the total amount regenerated also utilizing oxygen. The dissolution of biogenic carbonates is discussed; different approaches to define the depth, where the dissolution starts (lysocline(s), carbonate critical depth (CCrD)), are compared together with the calculation of saturation depth from carbonate concentrations. It is shown, that small differences in measured C_T and A_T (found between our data and those measured during GEOSECS) and different calculation approaches to the CO₂ system (different dissociation constants for species involved and taking into account phosphate and silicate concentrations) can produce pronounced differences in the calculated saturation depths. However, C_T and A_T data suggest substantial dissolution of biogenic carbonate in the water column even above the calcite lysocline, irrespective of the procedures followed to calculate this horizon.  相似文献   

Diel patterns in coastal‐stream nitrate concentrations linked to evapotranspiration in the riparian zone of a low‐relief,agricultural catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Samuel A. Flewelling  George M. Hornberger  Janet S. Herman  Aaron L. Mills  Wendy M. Robertson 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2150-2158

Evapotranspiration (ET) can cause diel fluctuations in the elevation of the water table and the stage in adjacent streams. The diel fluctuations of water levels change head gradients throughout the day, causing specific discharge through near‐stream sediment to fluctuate at the same time scale. In a previous study, we showed that specific discharge controls the residence time of groundwater in streambed sediment that, in turn, exerted the primary control on removal from groundwater passing through the streambed. In this study, we examine the magnitude of diel specific discharge patterns through the streambed driven by ET in the riparian zone with a transient numerical saturated–unsaturated groundwater flow model. On the basis of a first‐order kinetic model for removal, we predicted diel fluctuations in stream concentrations. Model results indicated that ET drove a diel pattern in specific discharge through the streambed and riparian zone (the removal zones). Because specific discharge is inversely proportional to groundwater travel time through the removal zones and travel time determines the extent of removal, diel changes in ET can result in a diel pattern in concentration in the stream. The model predictions generally matched observations made during summertime base‐flow conditions in a small coastal plain stream in Virginia. A more complicated pattern was observed following a seasonal drawdown period, where source components to the stream changed during the receding limb of the hydrograph and resulted in diel fluctuations being superimposed over a multi‐day trend in concentrations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

湖泊底泥疏浚环境效应:Ⅲ.对沉积物反硝化作用的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

钟继承  刘国锋  范成新  白秀玲  李宝  张路  丁士明 《湖泊科学》2009,21(4):465-473

通过为期一年的疏浚模拟试验,在试验室培养疏浚与对照柱样,研究了底泥疏浚对沉积物反硝化过程的影响.沉积物反硝化速率的测定采用经典的乙炔抑制法.研究结果表明,在一年的试验周期内,疏浚和对照柱沉积物的反硝化速率分别为6.9-26.9nmol/(g·h)和21.6-102.7nmol/(g·h),除2006年的2月外的其他月份,疏浚沉积物的反硝化速率显著(P<0.05)低于未疏浚对照沉积物,同时还研究了环境因子对沉积物反硝化速率的影响,结果表明,疏浚和对照沉积物的反硝化速率都受温度的控制.硝态氟浓度是疏浚和对照沉积物反硝化速率的主要限制因子,有机碳对疏浚沉积物的反硝化速率有影响,但对未疏浚对照沉积物的反硝化速率没有影响.疏浚后短期内沉积物反硝化速率低于未疏浚对照沉积物,可看作是底泥疏浚在富营养华水体脱氮方面的一个负效应.  相似文献   

稳定同位素技术在地表水硝酸盐污染研究中的应用   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

丁京涛  席北斗  许其功  高如泰  卢义  黄健  刘鸿亮 《湖泊科学》2013,25(5):617-627

地表水硝酸盐污染已成为全球面临的主要水环境问题之一,为了有效控制地表水中硝酸盐污染,确定地表水中硝酸盐的来源以及研究其在环境中的迁移转化过程就显得尤为重要.硝酸盐稳定氮(¹⁵N)、氧(¹⁸O)同位素作为一种有效的示踪技术在识别地表水中硝酸盐的来源及迁移转化过程中已得到了广泛的应用,但是硝酸盐在迁移转化过程中,¹⁵N、¹⁸O同位素会因为多种因素而发生分馏,同位素值发生变化使得这种技术的应用存在一定的局限性.本文系统总结了不同来源硝酸盐δ¹⁵N、δ¹⁸O值的组成特征及其影响因素,分析了在不同土地利用类型流域内,利用硝酸盐¹⁵N、¹⁸O同位素技术开展硝酸盐来源识别、负荷估算和反硝化作用评估的方法和研究进展.基于已有研究成果,提出在未来的研究过程中,一方面应以流域为单元,选择适当的研究方法并结合多种辅助指标研究多因素共同作用下NO₃^-污染源的δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-和δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-值的变化规律;另一方面应对比流域污染源详细的调查数据,分析现有负荷估算模型存在的不确定性,并构建合适的负荷计算模型;最后,应深入开展同位素在确定流域和河流中反硝化发生的范围、地点和程度方面的研究,特别是掌握河流系统中沉积物-水体中氮的循环过程.  相似文献