腾格里沙漠东南缘4种灌木的生物量预测模型     

杨昊天  李新荣  王增如  贾荣亮  刘立超  高艳红  李刚 《中国沙漠》2013,33(6):1699-1704

灌木生物量模型是预测灌木生物量最有效的方法。选择腾格里沙漠南缘荒漠生态系统中常见的4种灌木（驼绒藜(Ceratoides latens)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)、珍珠猪毛菜(Salsola passerina)、红砂(Reaumuria soongarica)）为研究对象,以株高（H）和冠幅（C）的复合因子灌木体积（V）为自变量,通过回归分析,分别构建了4种灌木和混合物种的叶、新生枝、老龄枝、地上部分、地下部分和整株生物量的预测模型。通过决定系数（R2）、估计值的标准误（SEE）和回归检验显著水平（p＜0.05）筛选出了最优的生物量估测模型。结果显示:4种灌木的生物量模型主要以幂函数W=aVb为最优模型,少数以三次函数W=a+bV+cV2+dV3为最优模型。灌木生物量与V之间呈极显著的相关关系（p＜0.001）,决定系数较高,分别为:叶片（0.775＜R2＜0.866）,新生枝（0.694＜R2＜0.840）,老龄枝（0.819＜R2＜0.916）,地上部（0.832＜R2＜0.917）,地下部分（0.74＜R2＜0.808）,全株（0.811＜R2＜0.912）,说明预测模型可以应用于此4种灌木的生物量估算。不同物种之间及不同器官之间的生物量模型存在差异,在实际使用中,要根据物种来选择相应的模型。生物量模型的建立有助于全面估算荒漠生态系统的生物量,并进一步评估生态系统不同碳库的碳存储量与碳循环。为有效提高荒漠草地碳储量、合理实施生态系统管理和人为干预提供科学依据。  相似文献   

荒漠人工植被区典型生物土壤结皮的固碳模型研究     

黄磊  张志山  潘颜霞  赵洋 《中国沙漠》2013,33(6):1796-1802

生物土壤结皮（BSC）是荒漠生态系统组成和地表景观的重要特征,在荒漠系统碳的源-汇功能中发挥着重要的作用。本文以沙坡头人工植被区两种典型的BSC（苔藓结皮和藻类结皮）为研究对象,通过对土壤水分的连续测定,确定BSC光合和呼吸作用的有效湿润时间及其与土壤水分、温度和太阳辐射的关系,建立了土壤水分驱动下的固碳模型。以2012年5月19—25日为例,计算了苔藓结皮和藻类结皮在试验期间的日固碳量,并估算了两类结皮的年际固碳量。结果表明:苔藓结皮和藻类结皮由于自身水文物理性质的差别显著影响到其下层土壤水分和温度的变化;降雨是BSC固碳活性的重要来源,并且苔藓结皮更容易受到非降雨水（如雾水、凝结水等）的影响而使其固碳潜力大于藻类结皮。初步估算苔藓结皮和藻类结皮的年固碳量分别可以达到33.33 g·m-2·a-1和14.01 g·m-2·a-1,其中由非降雨水所引起的固碳量达到了6.58 g·m-2·a-1和2.65 g·m-2·a-1,分别占到了全年固碳量的19.7%和18.9%。充分肯定了BSC在荒漠人工植被区碳汇的功能。  相似文献   

三种猪毛菜种子耐盐性与幼苗干燥存活能力   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘鹏  田长彦  冯固  薛英 《干旱区地理》2008,31(2):271-277

在控制条件下研究了三种藜科植物紫翅猪毛菜(Salsola affinisC.A.Mey.)、浆果猪毛菜(Salsola foliosa(L.)Schrad.)和钠猪毛菜(Salsola nitrariaPall.)种子的萌发特性以及萌发后的幼苗在室温中放置14天和30天之后重新放置在原溶液中的存活状况。结果表明:三种猪毛菜种子在无菌水、0.085 mol/L、0.17 mol/L、0.34 mol/L NaCl溶液中萌发的很好,但是在0.51 mol/LNaCl中萌发率很低,三种猪毛菜幼苗在干燥30天重新放置在原溶液中以后仍然具有很高的存活率。上述结果表明:已经萌发了的幼苗在干燥环境中仍然保持存活的能力是盐生植物为了适应极端干旱和盐渍荒漠环境的一个重要的生存策略。  相似文献   

A call for Australian loess: discussion and commentary     

Ian Smalley 《Area》2008,40(1):131-134

A study of loess in Australia brings the idea of 'desert' loess back into view. Production of particles in deserts still presents problems, but deserts do make adequate storage regions for loess particles – usually produced in adjacent mountains. Straightforward for Central Asia or China (a particle source in High Asia and convenient deserts en route to eventual deposition), but the Sahara and Australian deserts traditionally present problems. If loess material is allowed to be silt-sized clay agglomerate particles as well as the usual clastic primary minerals, then loess in Australia seems reasonable. Loess acquires its remarkable loessic qualities via aeolian deposition – the nature of the particles is perhaps of lesser importance. A more generalised approach to airborne sediments might be attempted, with two major types of suspension material recognised: large dust (maybe coarse and very coarse silt, say 20–60 µm, or perhaps 4–6 phi) and small dust (fine and very fine silt, 2–8 µm, 7–9 phi). Loess is made from large dust.  相似文献   

Late Holocene upper bounds of flood magnitudes and twentieth century large floods in the ungauged, hyperarid alluvial Nahal Arava, Israel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yael Jacoby  Tamir Grodek  Yehouda Enzel  Naomi Porat  Eric V. McDonald  Ofer Dahan   《Geomorphology》2008,95(3-4):274-294

The impact of large twentieth century floods on the riparian vegetation and channel morphology of the relatively wide anabranching and braided Nahal Arava, southern Israel, was documented as part of developing tools to (a) identify recent large floods, (b) determine these flood's respective magnitudes in alluvial ungauged streams, and (c) determine long-term upper bounds to flood stages and magnitudes. Along most of its course Nahal Paran, a major tributary that impacts the morphology, floods and sediments of Nahal Arava at the study reach, is a coarse-gravel, braided ephemeral stream. Downstream of the Arava–Paran confluence, aeolian and fluvial sand delivered from eastern Arava valley alters the channel morphology. The sand has accreted up to 2.5 m above the distinct current channels, facilitating the recording of large floods. This sand enhances the establishment of denser riparian vegetation (mainly Tamarix nilotica and Haloxylon persicum) that interacts with floods and affects stream morphology. A temporal association was found between specific floods recorded upstream and tree-ring ages of re-growth of flood-damaged tamarix trees (‘Sigafoos trees’) in the past 30 years. This association can be utilized for developing a twentieth century flood chronology in hyperarid ungauged basins in the region. The minimum magnitude of the largest flood that covered the entire channel width, estimated from flood deposits, is approximately 1700–1800 m³s^− 1. This is a larger magnitude than the largest gauged flood of 1150 m³s^− 1 that occurred in 1970 about 30 km upstream in Nahal Paran. Our estimation agrees with flood magnitude estimated from the regional envelope curve of the largest floods. Based on Holocene alluvial stratigraphy and OSL dating in the study reach we also conclude that flood stages did not reach the late Holocene ( 2.2 ka) surface and therefore we estimate a non-exceedance upper bound of  2000 m³s^− 1 flood magnitudes for Nahal Arava during that interval. This study indicates that in unfavorable areas the combination of hydrology, fluvial morphology and botanic evidence can increase our understanding of ungauged basins and give information crucial for hydrology planning.  相似文献   

The contribution of aeolian processes to fluvial sediment yield from a desert watershed in the Ordos Plateau,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Wanquan Ta  Haibin Wang  Xiaopeng Jia 《水文研究》2015,29(1):80-89

In arid zones, many active aeolian dunes terminate at ephemeral and perennial desert rivers. The desert rivers show very high rates of sediment transport that cause deleterious downstream effects on the river system and ecology. High sediment loading has been attributed to severe water erosion of sparsely covered watersheds during infrequent but heavy rainfall. Although aeolian erosion is known to lead to high rates of wind‐blown sand transport, direct confirmation of whether the aeolian processes accelerate or inhibit fluvial sediment loss is lacking. Here, we show that an aeolian‐fluvial cycling process is responsible for the high rate of suspended sediment transport in a Sudalaer ephemeral desert channel in the Ordos Plateau of China. Frequent aeolian processes, but low frequency (once every 3 years on average) flooding, occur in this region. Wind‐blown saltating grains appeared to be unable to cross the desert channel because of interruption of channel‐induced recirculating air flow, and therefore tended to settle in the channel during the windy seasons, leading to channel narrowing. During flooding, this narrowed channel was found to yield a threefold increase in suspended sediment loading and a 3.4‐fold increase in the weight percentage of the 0.08–0.2 mm sediment fraction on 18 July 2012. Loss of stored aeolian sand due to channel erosion accounted for about half of the total sediment yield in this watershed. These findings show that aeolian processes play an essential role in accelerating the sediment yield from a watershed characterized by aeolian‐fluvial interplay and also suggest that the drier the region and the greater the aeolian process, the more the aeolian process contributes to fluvial sediment yield. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

沙漠地区页岩气地质调查井施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

尹亮先  李得新  田小林  谢治国 《探矿工程》2017,44(3):17-20

武威盆地儿马湖凹陷地质调查井武地1井钻井工程位于内蒙古自治区腾格里沙漠腹地,施工条件恶劣。上部第四系覆盖层主要岩性为黄色砂土和红色细砂,厚度大,松散易垮塌。针对武地1井钻井难点,从井场建设、钻井设备的选择、井身结构、钻井液优化等方面采取措施,为沙漠地区钻井施工积累了经验。  相似文献   

新疆东准噶尔北部荒漠区金属矿床白茎绢蒿植物地球化学异常特征及其找矿意义     

宋慈安  宋玮  丁汝福  雷良奇 《大地构造与成矿学》2017,41(1):122-132

东准噶尔北部荒漠区植被属土砾质荒漠植被类型,占优势的植物群落为白茎绢蒿(Seriphidium terrae-albae(Krasch)Poljak),覆盖度为20%~25%。为探讨植物地球化学方法在荒漠区找矿的有效性,本文选择了隐伏于荒漠覆盖下的喀拉通克铜镍矿、希勒库都克铜钼矿和阿克塔斯金铜矿作为实例,研究生长在这些矿床地表的白茎绢蒿植物地球化学异常特征及其与矿化的关系。研究发现:这些矿床上部均发育植物地球化学综合异常,综合异常的宽度略大于矿体或矿化带的宽度,异常元素组合具有套合性和分带性。本文认为:(1)植物异常中强度较高、清晰度及连续性较好、规模较大的主导元素组合及其异常参数可以作为区分不同矿化类型的标志或指标,进而圈定成矿靶区;(2)植物综合异常的空间分布及其套合性和分带性,能大致确定隐伏矿床(体)的位置;(3)植物异常的元素组合、异常规模和异常强度,能大致推测隐伏矿床(体)的埋藏深度和矿化规模。  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊及地下水化学特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

邵天杰  赵景波  董治宝 《地理学报》2011,66(5):662-672

通过对巴丹吉林沙漠丘间湖泊和古日乃、雅布赖、阿拉善右旗等地及其周围浅层地下水离子化学成分分析,探讨了沙漠地区湖水与地下水化学成分特点、水化学类型、空间变化和湖水补给来源。结果显示,巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的pH、盐度、TDS和电导率均远远大于地下水。湖水样品中Na⁺和Cl^-含量占绝对优势,大多数盐度较高的湖泊属于Na(K)-Cl-(SO₄) 型,个别盐度较低的微咸湖属于Na-(Mg)-(Ca)-Cl-(SO₄)-(HCO₃) 型。地下水的化学类型多数为Na-(Ca)-(Mg)-Cl-(SO₄)-(HCO₃)型,属微咸水,个别为Na-Cl-SO4型的咸水。沙漠东南部湖群水的pH值、盐度、TDS和电导率比较低,呈微碱性,属微咸湖;而北部湖群水的pH、盐度、TDS和电导率远远大于东南部湖群,呈中等碱性,为盐水湖。湖水离子化学特征显示沙漠东南部湖群自南向北的演化趋势为：微咸湖→咸水湖→盐水湖。湖水离子化学成分短时间序列变化指示,近9 年宝日陶勒盖、巴丹东湖、巴丹西湖、诺尔图、呼和吉林湖水中的大多数离子的含量有所降低,表明其近9 年来淡水补给量增多。湖水化学成分与湖水位高度显示,巴丹吉林沙漠湖群湖水流向是由东南流向西北。水化学成分和水位分布高度表明,该区沙漠湖水主要来自当地降水补给和来自沙漠东南缘雅布赖山和南缘的黑山头山地降水的补给,而来自祁连山区来水补给的可能性很小。  相似文献   

乌兰布和沙漠农田沙害特征及其时空变化规律   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李红丽  董智  左合君  郝玉光 《中国沙漠》2011,31(2):346-351

风沙严重威胁着乌兰布和沙漠农田的健康运行。通过野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对农田沙害形式、特征及时空变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:①流沙入侵和土壤风蚀是危害农田的主要形式,其沙源主要为绿洲内部土壤风蚀和零星分布的流动沙丘及绿洲外部的流沙前移和风沙流活动;②农田沙害具有普遍性、季节性、各向异性、累积性和影响因素的多样性等特性;③绿洲内农田土壤风蚀由绿洲边缘向绿洲中心逐渐减弱,风蚀深度和强度下降。同一林网内,则由边缘向中心增加,防护林及地埂后一定距离内表现为沉积,其余地段表现为风蚀;沙质农田较黏质农田的风蚀深度和强度大。时间变化上,表现为秋季弱,春季强的特点。  相似文献