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931.
A new direct performance‐based design method utilizing design tools called performance‐spectra (P‐Spectra) for low‐rise to medium‐rise frame structures incorporating supplemental damping devices is presented. P‐Spectra are graphic tools that relate the responses of nonlinear SDOF systems with supplemental dampers to various damping parameters and dynamic system properties that structural designers can control. These tools integrate multiple response quantities that are important to the performance of a structure into a single compact graphical format to facilitate direct comparison of different potential solutions that satisfy a set of predetermined performance objectives under various levels of seismic hazard. An SDOF to MDOF transformation procedure that defines the required supplemental damping properties for the MDOF structure to achieve the response defined by the target SDOF system is also presented for hysteretic, linear viscous and viscoelastic damping devices. Using nonlinear time‐history analyses of idealized shear structures, the accuracy of the transformation procedure is verified. A seismic performance upgrade design example is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method for achieving design performance goals using supplemental damping devices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
932.
ABSTRACTSeries of observed flood intervals, defined as the time intervals between successive flood peaks over a threshold, were extracted directly from 11 approximately 100-year streamflow datasets from Queensland, Australia. A range of discharge thresholds were analysed that correspond to return periods of approximately 3.7 months to 6.3 years. Flood interval histograms at South East Queensland gauges were consistently unimodal whereas those of the North and Central Queensland sites were often multimodal. The exponential probability distribution (pd) is often used to describe interval exceedence probabilities, but fitting utilizing the Anderson-Darling statistic found little evidence that it is the most suitable. The fatigue life pd dominated sub-year return periods (<1 year), often transitioning to a log Pearson 3 pd at above-year return periods. Fatigue life pd is used in analysis of the lifetime to structural failure when a threshold is exceeded, and this paper demonstrates its relevance also to the elapsed time between above-threshold floods. At most sites, the interval medians were substantially less than the means for sub-year return periods. Statistically the median is a better measure of the central tendency of skewed distributions but the mean is generally used in practice to describe the classical concept of flood return period.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor I. Nalbantis 相似文献
933.
R. Domínguez M. 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):460-478
Abstract The estimation and review of discharge flow rates in hydraulic works is a fundamental problem in water management. In the case of dams with large regulating capacity, in order to estimate return periods of discharge flow rates from the spillways, it becomes necessary to consider both peak flow and volume of the incoming floods. In this paper, the results of the validation for several methods of assessing design floods for spillways of dams with a large flood control capacity are presented; the validation is performed by comparing the maximum outflows (or the maximum levels reached in the reservoir) obtained from the routing of the design floods with those obtained from the routing of the historical annual maximum floods. The basin of Malpaso Dam, Mexico, is used as the case study. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis Citation Domínguez, M.R. and Arganis, J.M.L., 2012. Validation of methods to estimate design discharge flow rates for dam spillways with large regulating capacity. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (3), 460–478. 相似文献
934.
935.
936.
Macarena Zegpi 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(7):1123-1136
Abstract A model based on analytical development and numerical solution is presented for estimating the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the runoff volume and peak discharge rate of urban floods using the joint probability density function (pdf) of rainfall volume and duration together with information about the catchment's physical characteristics. The joint pdf of rainfall event volume and duration is derived using the theory of copulas. Four families of Archimedean copulas are tested in order to select the most appropriate to reproduce the dependence structure of those variables. Frequency distributions of runoff event volume and peak discharge rate are obtained following the derived probability distribution theory, using the functional relationship given by the rainfall–runoff process. The model is tested in two urban catchments located in the cities of Chillán and Santiago, Chile. The results are compared with the outcomes of continuous simulation in the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and with those from another analytical model that assumes storm event duration and volume to be statistically independent exponentially distributed variables. Citation Zegpi, M. & Fernández, B. (2010) Hydrological model for urban catchments – analytical development using copulas and numerical solution. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(7), 1123–1136. 相似文献
937.
Liquefaction exclusion criteria, based on peak ground acceleration (PGA) threshold value, are often included in seismic codes and recommendations. In this note, a rationale approach for setting the threshold is presented and a PGA limit of 0.09 g was found. This value is derived from a statistical analysis of the background data used to create some common verification charts for the liquefaction problem. 相似文献
938.
在管道穿跨越工程中,桁架式跨河管架是一种常见形式.本文在结构优化设计中分别对矩形桁架结构和倒三角形桁架结构两种方案进行优化,并对优化结果进行了比较分析,确定了结构最优方案.通过模拟结构在地震作用下的响应对结构的抗震性能进行了分析,并通过可靠性分析评价了结构的抗震可靠度.结果表明:适当增加结构高度和减小结构宽度对结构有利;结构的总重量随杆件截面尺寸的减小而迅速降低,10次优化循环后即从54 t降至24 t左右;三角形桁架比矩形桁架结构简单,重量减轻36%;可靠性分析表明结构的可靠度为99%. 相似文献
939.
楼梯间作为地震中人员疏散和救援通道,其抗震设计应引起足够的重视.我国2010年实行的《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2010)中加强了结构中楼梯间的设计要求,结合该规范的实施,本文总结了芦山地震中各类结构中楼梯间的震害现象.通过对梯板、楼梯间墙体、与楼梯间相连的主体结构等位置的震害分析,指出了规范中关于楼梯间新增条文的必要性;提出了一些抗震设计建议,为规范修订和工程设计提供参考. 相似文献
940.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2)
Abstract Abstract The Chronology of British Hydrological Events (CBHE) has been created as an on-line information resource (http://www.dundee.ac.uk/geography/cbhe/) in order to enhance access to and use of historical facts pertaining to British hydrological phenomena. Its scope covers floods, droughts and all other notable historical phenomena of hydrological interest. This paper sets out the technical means by which the CBHE has been created, explains the benefits to hydrologists in creating such a facility, and illustrates its utility with a number of examples. Benefits include hydrological risk assessments, historical studies of individual events and objectives in environmental education. The scope for establishing comparable national chronologies for other countries is identified, along with prospects for enhancing the utility of such systems with additional functionality such as links to on-line gazetteers and maps. 相似文献