投喂底栖硅藻对刺参幼参特殊动力作用的影响     

吕航  王巧晗  赫勇  宫庆礼 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(7):46-50

本实验研究投喂底栖硅藻(琴氏菱形藻微小变种Nitzschia panduriformis var.minor Grunow、菱形藻Nitzchia sp.、筒柱藻Cylindrotheca fusiformis)和商业饲料对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参特殊动力作用的影响。结果表明:刺参摄食底栖硅藻和商业饲料后特殊动力作用存在显著差异。琴氏菱形藻微小变种、菱形藻、筒柱藻和商业饲料组之间:SDA时间依次为:(22.0±1.0)、(22.0±0.5)、(20.0±1.5)和(22.0±1.0)h,没有显著性差异;摄食代谢峰值依次为:(27.0±1.2)、(30.0±1.7)、(29.0±2.1)和(32.0±1.2)mg O2·kg-1·h-1,琴氏菱形藻微小变种组显著低于另外3组(P0.05);摄食水平依次为:(3.38±0.12)%、(3.75±0.25)%、(2.16±0.11)%和(6.37±0.19)%;摄食代谢比率依次为:1.93±0.10、2.14±0.19、2.07±0.19和2.29±0.20,4组之间差异不显著;SDA总耗能依次为:1.43±0.15、2.19±0.19、1.94±0.21和2.35±0.22。琴氏菱形藻微小变种组刺参SDA总耗能最低,SDA系数依次为:0.03±0.01、0.04±0.01、0.06±0.01和0.05±0.01,琴氏菱形藻微小变种组显著小于筒柱藻组(P0.05)。  相似文献   

Diatom distribution in surface sediments from Chinese inshore waters and the relationship to modern environmental variables     

陈淳  赵广涛  陈敏  蓝东兆  兰彬斌 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(4):828-844

Diatoms are widely used to study past and present changes in the marine environment. Unimodal models are appropriate for exploring the relationship between environmental properties in Chinese inshore waters and fossil diatom species derived from modem surface sediments. The best-fit relationships between two multivariate datasets （diatom species and environmental variables） were identified using canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）, which is a constrained ordination technique. The absolute abundance of diatoms in the Chinese inshore waters ranged from 500 to 48 000 valves/g, and the average absolute abundance of all the 29 sites was l l 300 valves/g. 153 species and varieties of diatoms belonging to 42 genera in all were identified in the Chinese inshore waters. There were 28 dominant diatom species in all. According to the absolute abundance of the dominant species and the spatial distribution of the currents from the Chinese inshore waters, 12 diatom assemblages were distinguished from north to south, which reflected the different oceanographic conditions at the regional scale. Of the eight environmental variables considered, the most important environmental variable is winter sea surface salinity （WSS）, which was also the only environmental variable with statistical significance. Therefore, it may be used to establish a transfer functions for the Chinese inshore waters in future paleoclimate studies.  相似文献   

嵊泗列岛海域三种贻贝贝体框架特征的差异   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

白晓倩  杨阳  邹李昶  任夙艺  刘达博  刘祖毅  王志铮 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(5):1078-1084

以壳长SL、壳宽SW、壳高SH(BD)、OA(壳顶至韧带末端的直线距离)、OB(壳顶至壳背面最高点的直线距离)、OC(壳顶至壳后端最远点的直线距离)、OD(壳顶至壳高性状在腹缘的落点的直线距离)、AB(韧带末端至壳背缘最高点的直线距离)、BC(壳背缘最高点至壳后端最远点的直线距离)、CD(壳后端最远点至壳高性状在腹缘的落点的直线距离)为贝体框架变量,采用多元分析方法系统比较了嵊泗列岛海域厚壳贻贝、紫贻贝和"杂交贻贝"贝体框架特征的差异,结果表明:(1)在所涉9项贝体框架特征指标中,紫贻贝与厚壳贻贝间无显著差异的指标仅为L5(OC/SL)和L7(AB/SL)(P0.05),而"杂交贻贝"各项指标则均与厚壳贻贝和紫贻贝具显著差异(P0.05),厚壳贻贝和紫贻贝变异系数大于10%的指标均仅为L7(AB/SL),而"杂交贻贝"则仅为L3(OA/SL);(2)厚壳贻贝与紫贻贝间的欧氏距离最短(P0.05),仅为0.160;厚壳贻贝与"杂交贻贝"间和紫贻贝与"杂交贻贝"间的欧氏距离相近(P0.05),分别为0.452和0.418;(3)经主成分分析,提取到的3个特征值均大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达82.928%,其中第一主成分、第二主成分、第三主成分可依次归为与滤食功能区水平剖面占比相关的贝体框架因子,与消化功能区水平剖面占比相关的贝体框架因子,和与消化功能区垂直剖面占比相关的贝体框架因子,通过第一主成分仅能较清晰地区分厚壳贻贝和"杂交贻贝";(4)采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的L1(SW/SL)、L3(OA/SL)、L4(OB/SL)、L5(OC/SL)、L6(OD/SL)和L7(AB/SL)为自变量,所建Fisher分类函数方程组可较清晰区分厚壳贻贝、紫贻贝和"杂交贻贝",三者的判别准确率依次为94.6%、94.6%和100%,综合判别准确率为96.4%。  相似文献   

Interactions of bacteria with diatoms: influence on natural marine biofilms     

Lidita Khandeparker  Priya M. D'Costa  Arga C. Anil  Subhash S. Sawant 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(2):233-248

Interactions between microfouling components influence the biofilm community and the cascading events, thus playing an important role in the biofouling process. Bacteria and diatoms are among the dominant forms reported in biofilms. Experiments were carried out with natural marine biofilms from a tropical monsoon‐influenced environment to evaluate the interactions between bacteria and diatoms through application of antibiotics (streptomycin and chloramphenicol). Overall, chloramphenicol inhibited diatom communities, whereas streptomycin did not. These antibiotic‐mediated changes in the fouling diatom community were consistent across the seasons. However, the rates at which the fouling communities changed depended on the initial species composition. It was also observed that elevated nutrient concentrations overrode the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol. Maximum Vibrio enhancement was observed in the enriched conditions during the pre‐monsoon and unenriched conditions during the monsoon (with naturally elevated background nutrient concentrations), highlighting the relevance of nutrient concentrations for Vibrio spp. This has interesting implications for antibiotic‐mediated interactions between fouling diatom and bacterial communities under differing nutrient regimes. Although this study indicates the relevance of ‘cross‐talk’ at the microfouling level, understanding the effects of additional microbial products (e.g. bacteriocins and peptidoglycan) on these community‐level interactions will represent a step forward.  相似文献   

基于Copula函数的广东北江流域极端降水指标概率分布特征     

刘占明  燊陈子  黄强 《热带地理》2014,(6)

选用9种概率分布函数对广东北江流域18测站近50 a极端降水指标R1d(年内最大1日降水量)和R5d(年内最大连续5日降水量)进行拟合,采用线性矩法估计参数,根据拟合优度检验,确定出最佳的概率分布函数,并在此基础上对50 a、100 a一遇设计值进行空间分析。通过择优选取GH Copula作为联接函数,对流域R1d-R5d联合概率分布进行研究。结果表明:1)翁源、清远地区出现50 a、100 a一遇的R1d或R5d概率较大;中北部地区50 a、100 a一遇的R1d和R5d同时出现的概率较大。2)特定R1d设计频率条件下,随着R5d设计频率的减小,二者遭遇概率也随之迅速减小;反之,特定R5d设计频率随R1d条件频率的减小,二者遭遇概率随之明显增大。  相似文献   

工业项目建设用地控制指标管理实践研究——以大连长兴岛经济技术开发区为例     

孙东升 《上海国土资源》2014,(1):23-26

工业项目建设用地控制指标作为一种政策标准,是落实节约优先战略的重要手段。大连长兴岛经济技术开发区在工业项目建设用地控制指标管理中进行了有益探索,构建了由投资强度等7项指标组成的立体控制体系。文章就建设用地控制体系的衍变、编制的原则和步骤、指标值的确定、管理和执行情况等进行了探讨,并提出应增加环境保护指标、定期开展评价等工作建议。  相似文献   

Assessing the effects of land use spatial structure on urban heat islands using HJ-1B remote sensing imagery in Wuhan,China     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2014

Urban heat islands (UHIs) have attracted attention around the world because they profoundly affect biological diversity and human life. Assessing the effects of the spatial structure of land use on UHIs is essential to better understanding and improving the ecological consequences of urbanization. This paper presents the radius fractal dimension to quantify the spatial variation of different land use types around the hot centers. By integrating remote sensing images from the newly launched HJ-1B satellite system, vegetation indexes, landscape metrics and fractal dimension, the effects of land use patterns on the urban thermal environment in Wuhan were comprehensively explored. The vegetation indexes and landscape metrics of the HJ-1B and other remote sensing satellites were compared and analyzed to validate the performance of the HJ-1B. The results have showed that land surface temperature (LST) is negatively related to only positive normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) but to Fv across the entire range of values, which indicates that fractional vegetation (Fv) is an appropriate predictor of LST more than NDVI in forest areas. Furthermore, the mean LST is highly correlated with four class-based metrics and three landscape-based metrics, which suggests that the landscape composition and the spatial configuration both influence UHIs. All of them demonstrate that the HJ-1B satellite has a comparable capacity for UHI studies as other commonly used remote sensing satellites. The results of the fractal analysis show that the density of built-up areas sharply decreases from the hot centers to the edges of these areas, while the densities of water, forest and cropland increase. These relationships reveal that water, like forest and cropland, has a significant effect in mitigating UHIs in Wuhan due to its large spatial extent and homogeneous spatial distribution. These findings not only confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the HJ-1B satellite system for studying UHIs but also reveal the impacts of the spatial structure of land use on UHIs, which is helpful for improving the planning and management of the urban environment.  相似文献   

抗硅藻附着活性细菌的筛选、鉴定与发酵条件优化     

忻夏莹  靳翠丽  周晓见 《海洋科学》2013,37(10):90-97

从美国华盛顿州圣璜岛海域的8 种海绵样品的120 株共附生微生物中, 筛选出11 株细菌的粗提物能有效抑制硅藻附着。其中683 号菌株活性最高, 对5 种受试硅藻的平均抑制率达到98.0%。结合形态学特征和扫描电镜观察, 以及16S rDNA 序列分析, 鉴定该菌株为短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus。并采用正交试验对该菌株进行发酵条件优化, 结合粗提物的产量和抗硅藻附着活性进行统计学分析,确定了该菌株的最佳发酵条件是: 发酵温度25℃, pH 7.5, NaCl 浓度19.45 g/L, 蛋白胨浓度5 g/L。  相似文献   

Gomphonema novo‐zelandicum sp. nov., an epiphytic diatom with a specific host preference     

W. E. Booth 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):425-430

Gomphonema novo‐zelandicum sp. nov., the dominant epiphytic diatom on Carpophyllum maschalocarpum and C. flexuosum, growing in the sublittoral fringe zone in northern New Zealand, is described and its taxonomic status determined. This diatom, although present on other macroalgae from the same zone, is predominantly epiphytic on these 2 species of Carpophyllum, maintaining substantial populations on them throughout the year.  相似文献   

Diatoms associated with two South African kelp species: Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):221-229

Kelp forests are believed to host a large biomass of epiphytic fauna and flora, including diatoms, which constitute the base of aquatic food webs and play an important role in the transfer of energy to higher trophic levels. Epiphytic diatom assemblages associated with two common species of South African kelps, Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida, were investigated in this study. Primary blades of adult and juvenile thalli of both kelp species were sampled at False Bay in July 2017 and analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Our findings showed that both kelp species hosted relatively low densities of diatoms (ranging from 7 [SD 5] cells mm^?2 on adult specimens of L. pallida to 43 [SD 66] cells mm^?2 on blades of juvenile E. maxima), with Amphora and Gomphoseptatum reaching the highest absolute abundances. Although non-metric multidimensional scaling showed overlapping and largely scattered sample sets, a significant relationship between the diatom communities and the species and age of the host macroalga was detected by two-way PERMANOVA. In general, more abundant and diverse diatom communities were observed on juvenile thalli than on adult thalli, with species belonging to Navicula and Rhoicosphenia contributing significantly to the observed dissimilarity. Due to a significant interaction between species and age effects, however, the overall ability of kelp species, their age, and their interaction to explain the variation in diatom community structure was limited. We suggest that the low densities of epiphytic diatoms were directly related to the sloughing of epithelial cells observed in both kelp species. We further speculate that on such unstable substrata some diatom taxa might adapt to an endophytic life to avoid the antifouling mechanisms developed by their hosts.  相似文献