Propagation of a shear band in sandstone     

J. J. Riedel  J. F. Labuz 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2007,31(11):1281-1299

Closed‐loop, servo‐controlled experiments were conducted to investigate the development of a shear band in Berea sandstone at various confining pressures. The tests were performed with the University of Minnesota Plane‐Strain Apparatus, which was designed to allow the shear band to develop in an unrestricted manner. Measured load and displacements provided estimates of the stress and deformation states whereby dilatancy and friction were evaluated prior to localization. Experiments were stopped at various stages of shear‐band development within the strain‐softening regime. The specimens displayed a progression of deformation from inception, where the shear band was characterized by a high density of intragranular microcracks and crushed grains, to the tip where the intragranular microcracks were significantly less dense and separated by intact grains. Decreased slip deformation towards the tip of the shear band indicated that localization developed and propagated in plane. Thin‐section microscopy showed porosity increase within the shear band was 3–4 grain diameters wide. Increased porosity did not extend beyond the tip of the shear band. A cohesive zone model of shear fracture, used to examine the stress field near the tip, showed similarities to principal compressive stress orientations interpreted from intragranular microcracks. Thus, propagation of the shear band could be associated with in‐plane mode II fracture. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stress distribution in granular heaps using multi‐slip formulation     

O. Al Hattamleh  B. Muhunthan  H. M. Zbib 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(7):713-727

Many experiments on conical piles of granular materials have indicated, contrary to simple intuition that the maximum vertical stress does not occur directly beneath the sand‐pile vertex but rather at some distance from the apex resulting in a ring of maximum vertical stress. Some recent experiments have shown that the observed stress dip is very much dependent on construction history. A multi‐slip model has been proposed to investigate the stress dip phenomenon in granular heaps. The double‐slip version of the model was implemented into ABAQUS and used to study the vertical stress distribution along the base of a granular pile. The numerical simulations show that plastic deformation is confined within the localized region around the apex while the rest of the pile is in an elastic state of deformation. Within the plastic region the stress distribution differs significantly depending on the initial active slip orientation. The results show that for homogenous state of granular materials such as those produced by a raining procedure the vertical stress profile along the base reached its peak at the apex (i.e. no dip was observed). On the contrary, granular heaps constructed by the use of a localized source such as a funnel resulted in a significant reduction in the stress distribution within the ring with the minimum attained beneath the peak (i.e. a dip). Therefore, we believe that the initial microstructure and thus the initial slip orientation resulting from sand deposition is the source of the stress dip phenomenon. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

粗粒土的破碎耗能计算及影响因素   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

贾宇峰  迟世春  杨峻  林皋 《岩土力学》2009,30(7):1960-1966

粗粒土的颗粒破碎直接改变了土体本身结构,对粗粒土的剪胀和内摩擦角都会产生影响。在土体剪切过程中,体积应力和剪切应力在体积应变和剪切应变上做功,这部分能量在剪切过程中转化为颗粒的弹性储能、颗粒间的摩擦耗能、颗粒剪胀时对外做功和颗粒破碎耗能4部分。准确计算剪切过程中粗粒土破碎耗能的目的是：从能量角度分析颗粒破碎对土体本构关系的影响,为建立考虑颗粒破碎的粗粒土本构关系创造条件。通过分析粗粒土的常规三轴试验数据,计算得到了剪切过程中的粗粒土破碎耗能。计算结果表明,常规三轴试验条件下粗粒土破碎耗能主要受固结应力、土体摩擦系数M等因素的影响。  相似文献   

Diffuse instabilities with transition to localization in loose granular materials     

Richard Wan  Mauricio Pinheiro  Ali Daouadji  Mohamad Jrad  Félix Darve 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(10):1292-1311

This paper is concerned with diffuse and other ensuing failure modes in geomaterials when tested under homogeneous states of shearing in various loading programs and drainage conditions. Material instability is indeed the basic property that accounts for the instability of an initially homogeneous deformation field leading to diffuse failure and strain localization in geomaterials. The former is normally characterized by a runaway type of failure accompanied with a sudden and violent collapse of the material in the absence of any localization phenomena. Against this backdrop, we present a brief overview of material instability in elastoplastic solids where one finds a rich source of theoretical concepts including bifurcation, strain localization, diffuse failure and second‐order work, as well as a considerable body of experiments. Some compelling laboratory experimental studies of material instability with focus to diffuse failure are then presented and interpreted based on the second‐order work. Finally, various material instability analyses using an elastoplastic constitutive and a general finite element analysis of the above‐mentioned laboratory experimental tests are presented as a boundary value problem. It is shown that instability can be captured from otherwise uniform stress, density and hydraulic states, whereas uniform deviatoric loads are being applied on the external boundaries of a specimen. Although the numerical simulations reproduce well the laboratory experimental results, they also highlight the hierarchy of failure modes where localization phenomena emerge in the post‐bifurcation regime as a result of a degradation of homogeneity starting from a diffuse mode signalled by a zero second‐order work. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Implementation of state-dependent plasticity model in strain wedge model for laterally loaded piles in sand     

Ling-Yu Xu  Fei Cai  Ying-Ying Xue 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(5):622-632

ABSTRACT

The strain wedge model effectively performs nonlinear analyses of the lateral response of piles by using a nonlinear stress-strain relationship to describe soil behavior in the strain wedge. In this study, a state-dependent plasticity model has been implemented in the strain wedge model to calculate the stress-strain relationship for sand in the strain wedge. To complement this implementation, the effect of dilatancy on the shear strain is considered in the strain wedge. A full-scale test and a 45 g centrifuge model test on laterally loaded piles are used to validate the proposed method. The results show that the deflections and moments predicted by the proposed method accord well with those measured from full-scale and centrifugal model pile tests. Moreover, the combination of the state-dependent plasticity model and the strain wedge model allows for analyzing the lateral response of single piles using a unique set of model parameters for different relative densities of sands. In addtion, the stress-strain response in the strain wedge, not the dilatancy, dominates the soil resistance in the strain wedge and thus the lateral response of piles.  相似文献   

Concept of critical void ratio used in estimating dynamic stability of sands     

E. S. Kushnareva  E. A. Voznesensky 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(2):116-122

Some authors use the concept of critical void ratio of sands to describe sand behavior under dynamic load. This paper presents a new procedure of experimental determination of the critical void ratio of sands under consolidated undrained triaxial compression. At present, there is no technical possibility for determining the critical void ratio of sand under dynamic loads, particularly in shear zones. The mechanism of dynamic load is such that both pore pressure and effective stresses (indirect indicators of the change in the void ratio of sand under undrained conditions) change several times, even during one cycle. It is established that, because of dynamic loading, saturated sands of any density tend to the state of zero dynamic dilatancy when shear zones of constant thickness form in sands, where further strain accumulation is localized. The investigation into the state of zero dynamic dilatancy is fundamentally important for the estimation of the dynamic stability of sands.  相似文献   

基于三维扫描和三维雕刻技术的岩石结构面原状重构方法及其力学特性     

周辉  程广坦  朱勇  卢景景  陈珺  崔国建  李振国 《岩土力学》2018,39(2):417-425

为了客观重复制作与原岩结构面的岩性、表面形态和力学性质完全一致的试样,集成三维扫描和三维雕刻技术,提出了原岩结构面试样重构新方法。采用该方法制作了具有相同表面形态的大理岩结构面试样,开展了不同法向力下的直剪试验,并采用声发射技术对结构面剪切破坏过程进行了监测。结果表明：重构结构面试样与原始结构面试样具有高度相似性;结构面剪应力-剪切位移曲线可分为两类：剪胀滑移型和剪断跌落型;剪切破坏后结构面可明显地划分为两个区域：剪胀脱开区和剪断磨损区;提出了结构面剪切强度新公式,理论公式与试验结果更接近;结构面剪切过程中剪应力、能量率、计数、撞击率随时间的变化规律具有较好的一致性,声发射定位位置与剪切过程中结构面损伤破坏区域基本吻合。  相似文献   

Shear-induced pressure changes and seepage phenomena in a deforming porous layer – II     

M. A. Koenders  N. Petford 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,163(1):385-402

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邓肯-张模型和沈珠江双屈服面模型的改进   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12  

罗刚  张建民 《岩土力学》2004,25(6):887-890

邓肯-张非线性弹性模型和沈珠江双屈服面弹塑性模型已经被广泛地应用于高土石坝等土工建筑物应力位移分析中，但是邓肯-张模型存在不能反映土剪胀性的缺陷，沈珠江模型在高围压或较大剪应变条件下也存在模拟土剪胀性偏大的不足。笔者提出了一个能够统一模拟低围压到高围压条件下土剪胀特性的数学表达式，对上述两个模型进行了改进。采用粗粒土的大型三轴试验结果的初步验证分析表明，改进模型能较好地拟合粗粒土在低围压条件下剪胀以及高围压条件下剪缩的应-应变特性。  相似文献   

Q1黄土的弹塑性损伤本构模型   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

夏旺民  郭增玉 《岩土力学》2004,25(9):1423-1426

在陕西洛惠渠五洞简易盾构法施工现场进行了取样，分析了Q1黄土的应力—应变曲线特性及物理性状，根据连续损伤力学和热力学定律，提出了Q1黄土的弹塑性损伤本构模型。并将模型计算结果与试验曲线进行了比较，模型验证结果表明，该模型能够较好模拟Q1黄土的软化和剪胀性。  相似文献