Spatio-temporal distribution of net-collected phytoplankton community and its response to marine exploitation in Xiangshan Bay     

江志兵  朱旭宇  高瑜  陈全震  曾江宁  朱根海 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(4):762-773

To explore the spatial-temporal distribution of the phytoplankton community and evaluate the combined effects of marine resource exploitation, net-collected phytoplankton and physical-chemical parameters were investigated in the Xiangshan Bay during the four seasons of 2010. A total of eight phyla, 97 genera, and 310 species were found, including 232 diatom species, 45 dinoflagellate species and 33 other taxa. The phytoplankton abundances presented a significant (P<0.001) seasonal difference with the average of 60.66×10⁴ cells/m³. Diatoms (mainly consisting of Coscinodiscus jonesianus, Cerataulina pelagica, Skeleto n ema costatum, and genus Chaetoceros) dominated the phytoplankton assemblage in all seasons. We found great spatio-temporal variation in community composition based on the multidimensional scaling and similarity analysis. Canonical correspondence analysis show that temperature, nutrition, illumination, and salinity were the main variables associated with microalgal assemblage. Compared with the previous studies, an increase in phytoplankton abundance and change in the dominant species coincided with increased exploitation activities in this bay (e.g. operation of coastal power plants, intensive mariculture, tidal flat reclamation, and industrial and agricultural development). The present findings suggest that the government should exercise caution when deciding upon developmental patterns in the sea-related economy.  相似文献   

山东省深部岩溶热储地热地质特征     

冯守涛  徐勇  杨询昌 《山东国土资源》2013,29(9)

山东省的深部岩溶热储分布在济阳坳陷区、临清坳陷区的凸起（潜）区和鲁中隆起区、鲁西南潜隆起区、沂沭断裂带,分布面积约4.4万km2,其分布范围与寒武—奥陶纪地层分布基本一致。深部岩溶热储可划分深部裂隙—岩溶热储和深部岩—溶裂隙热储2种类型,具层状及层状兼带状特征。该文在总结前人成果的基础上,对深部岩溶热储的埋藏与分布、水质、地温场特征、深部岩溶发育规律和地热流体形成条件进行了论述,以期能对开发利用这一热储有所帮助。  相似文献   

日本9.0级大地震前长波辐射异常研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

方颖  张艳梅 《地球物理学报》2012,55(8):2620-2624

应用聚类分析方法对日本M_w9.0地震前长波辐射进行了分析,结果表明2010年8月在大范围的西太平洋海域,出现一个自北向南逐渐增强的季节性高温条带,该条带从日本海沟中北段开始,一直向南延伸到伊豆—小笠原海沟.同时日本海沟的地壳垂直运动自2010年8月份开始出现季节性运动消失的异常现象.这两种现象同时出现是否表明地球物理场在大地震发生前可能出现异常？地震发生前半年时间出现的热异常条带是否与此次地震有关？这些问题有待进一步探索.  相似文献   

Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions,part II: weathering and biological influences on evaporative cooling and near‐surface micro‐climatic conditions as an example of biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering     

Martin A. Coombes  L. A. Naylor 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(1):100-118

The way in which rocks and engineering materials heat‐up and dry‐out in the intertidal zone is of relevance to both weathering and ecology. These behaviours can be measured in the laboratory under controlled conditions designed to replicate those occurring in the field. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in thermal behaviours between rock types and through time as a result of soiling in terrestrial environments, but the influence of weathering and colonization on rock behaviours in the intertidal zone has not been previously assessed. We measured the warming and drying of blocks of rock (limestone and granite) and marine concrete during ‘low‐tide’ events simulated in the laboratory, before and after a period of exposure (eight months) on rock platforms in Cornwall, UK. As well as differences between the material types, temperatures of control (unexposed) and field‐exposed blocks differed in the order of 1 to 2 °C. Drying behaviours were also different after field exposure. Differences during the first few hours of exposure to air and heat were attributed to discolouration and albedo effects. Over longer periods of time, changes in the availability of near‐surface pore water as a result of micro‐scale bioerosion of limestone and the development of bio‐chemical crusts on marine concrete [observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] are suggested as mechanisms enhancing and reducing, respectively, the efficiency of evaporative cooling. The retention of moisture by epilithic biofilms may also influence thermal and drying behaviours of granite. These observations represent one of the first examples of cross‐scalar biogeomorphic linkages in the intertidal zone. The significance of the results for the subsequent efficiency of weathering, and near‐surface micro‐climatic conditions experienced by colonizing organisms is discussed. The involvement of microorganisms in the creation of more (or less) ecologically stressful conditions through the alteration of substratum geomorphic properties and behaviours is suggested as an example of ‘biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering’. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不同地形资料对西南涡降水过程的数值模拟研究     

卢萍  李英 《高原山地气象研究》2012,32(2):20-25

本文仅改变模式下垫面的地形资料,对西南地区降水过程进行模拟试验,通过模拟结果的分析对比,我们认为1)不同地形资料(或是对地形资料进行平滑处理),在地形突变处的差异最为显著。2)地形细微的变化最直接影响的是降水位置,其次是降水强度。3)地形变化之后,短波辐射受到的影响最为直接,感热通量和潜热通量是此消彼长。4)盆地有降水过程时,低层一般盛行东南风,且会在盆地内部产生气旋性弯曲,气流在迎风坡存在明显的辐合,而背风坡则存在明显的辐散。5)地形梯度同样影响对流的发生发展,在地形陡峭处更容易产生强烈的上升运动,地形梯度越缓,气流的爬升能力也越强。总之,地形的微小变化已经可以对降水的落区和强度产生显著的影响。   相似文献   

复合填料热传导过程数值模拟     

方鑫  邓安 《地震学刊》2012,(5):606-610

复合填料由废铸砂、粉煤灰、聚苯乙烯（EPS）颗粒、水泥和水按一定质量比例混合制成,具有低导热性、抗冻胀和轻质特性。根据热阻力法则和比等效导热系数相等法则,将材料视为由大量正方形单元体组成,其中心为一个球形EPS颗粒,这种单元体与总体的导热系数相等。运用AN SY S软件对复合填料单元体的传热过程进行了有限元模拟,根据瞬态法导热系数测试原理,推求不同EPS掺入比情况下的复合填料导热系数,分析EPS颗粒与导热系数的关系,发现材料导热系数随着EPS掺入比的增加而快速降低。将材料导热系数数值模拟与实测结果作比较,发现有限元模拟值与实测值接近,说明采用有限元方法可以实现对材料传热过程的模拟。  相似文献   

64层CT回顾性心电门控低剂量冠脉成像的临床研究     

高洁  张雪峰 《CT理论与应用研究》2012,21(1):67-72

目的:通过比较图像质量与辐射剂量,评价64层螺旋CT低剂量回顾性心电门控冠脉成像技术临床应用的可行性。方法:选取拟行CT冠状动脉造影的患者80例(心率小于65次/min,心率波动范围小于5次/min),所选患者分为两组,分别进行低剂量回顾性心电门控(40例,开启ECG管电流调制技术,70%～80%期相满电流输出)及常规回顾性心电门控(40例,35%～80%期相满电流输出)CT冠脉造影,依据患者体质量指数选择管电流(400～800 mA),管电压120 kV。比较两组的辐射剂量及图像质量。P<0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。结果:低剂量回顾门控组与常规回顾门控组图像质量差异无统计学意义(Z=-4.78,P=0.23)。低剂量回顾门控组CTCA辐射剂量平均(13.76±2.38)mSv,常规回顾门控组CTCA辐射剂量平均(20.06±3.35)mSv,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.39,P=0.00),使用低剂量回顾门控降低了31.4%的辐射剂量。结论:低心率患者行回顾门控CTCA通过修改ECG管电流调制技术参数得到的图像质量与常规回顾门控CTCA无差别,而辐射剂量显著减低。  相似文献   

海洋表层温度对台风"蔷薇"路径和强度预测精度的影响     

赵彪  乔方利  王关锁 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(4):41-52

基于中尺度大气模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model),首先对2007年3次船舶辐射通量观测进行模拟,以检验WRF对长波和短波辐射通量的模拟能力,结果表明使用中国近海海洋环境数值预报系统环流模式POM(Princeton Ocean Model)模拟的高时空分辨率的海洋表层温度能够显著改进短波辐射通量的模拟,而对长波辐射通量模拟的改进不明显。然后,将业务化运行的中国近海海洋环境数值预报系统后报的逐时海洋表面温度(SST)作为WRF底边界条件,对2008年15号强台风"蔷薇"(Jangmi)过程进行了数值后报试验。结果表明,与使用NCEP/NCAR的SST试验后报的台风中心位置偏差相比,使用高时空分辨率的SST能够较为显著地改善"蔷薇"的路径模拟,台风中心位置模拟偏差减少11%,尤其在台风减弱阶段,台风中心位置模拟偏差减少37%。台风强度在台风发展的不同阶段对下垫面SST的变化敏感性不同。台风路径附近的海表面温度下降会导致海洋向大气输送的热量减少从而减弱台风强度。  相似文献   

基于二阶斯托克斯波理论的辐射应力垂向分布     

吴相忠  张庆河 《海洋科学》2012,36(8):64-69

基于二阶斯托克斯波理论推导了辐射应力的垂向分布表达式,通过算例讨论了辐射应力在深水和有限水深条件下的垂向分布规律,并与基于微幅波理论的辐射应力进行了比较.结果表明,在波浪非线性不强时,基于二阶斯托克斯波理论的辐射应力与基于微幅波理论的辐射应力表达式计算结果接近;而当水深较浅波浪非线性较强时,基于二阶斯托克斯波理论的辐射应力在近表面处明显大于基于微幅波理论的辐射应力.采用二阶斯托克斯波理论推导的波浪辐射应力更为合理地反映了波浪非线性效应.  相似文献   

多元热流体热采技术在海上探井测试中适应性研究     

林涛  孙永涛  马增华  孙玉豹  刘海涛  王少华 《海洋地质译丛》2012,(2):51-53

稠油黏度高,流动性差,常规测试难以正确评价储层的真实产能。随着多元热流体热采技术在海上油田生产平台的成功应用,提出了在探井测试中应用多元热流体热采技术。通过对支撑平台的适应性分析研究,运用数值模拟方法预测多元热流体热采测试的开采效果,并对相应的井口、供给方式等进行了优化研究。通过现场实施,多元热流体热采测试的日产油量可达常规冷采测试产油量的2倍以上,实际效果与数值模拟的结果基本相当。该技术的应用更能准确反映油田的真实产能,为海上稠油油田的探井测试提供了一个新方法。  相似文献