Robust Regulation of Alkalinity in Highly Uncertain Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Processes     

Víctor Alcaraz‐González  Fabián Azael Fregoso‐Sanchez  Hugo Oscar Mendez‐Acosta  Victor Gonzalez‐Alvarez 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(12):1157-1164

In this paper, a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) model‐based robust control scheme is proposed for the indirect control of both total alkalinity and the ratio (intermediate alkalinity)/(total alkalinity) by regulating volatile fatty acid concentrations and strong ions concentration, while guaranteeing the so‐called operational stability in anaerobic digestion (AD) processes. The proposed MIMO regulator is an adaptive controller derived from an AD model which incorporates the physicochemical equilibrium of the system as well as the use of a robust interval observer to estimate key process bounds that are used in the computation of the control efforts. Numerical simulations were carried out for a number of operating conditions under the most uncertain scenarios. Results showed that the proposed multivariable control law is able to recover the system stability around a pre‐determined set point in the face of parameter uncertainty and load disturbances.  相似文献   

卧龙湖煤矿岩浆侵入特征及控制因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡宝林  徐娟  邹立强  李园 《安徽地质》2013,(4):279-282

岩浆侵入对煤矿生产影响极大,淮北煤田卧龙湖煤矿是受岩浆侵入较严重的矿井之一,其地质构造是控制岩浆侵入和岩浆岩展布的重要因素。卧龙湖煤矿自侏罗纪以来岩浆活动剧烈,发生了中性岩浆的侵入,多以岩床形式顺层侵入煤层顶底板及煤层中间。本文基于矿区钻孔数据揭露的岩浆岩分布情况,分析了结果表明卧龙湖矿区岩浆侵入规律,受煤层的形态、结构、理化性质以及产状的控制。  相似文献   

GLACIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS,CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA: ESTABLISHMENT OF A GLACIAL CHRONOLOGY     

Deborah L. Elliott-Fisk 《自然地理学》2013,34(4):299-323

The White Mountains, astride the California-Nevada stateline, are the highest and westernmost of the Great Basin ranges. This range was extensively glaciated during the Quaternary Period. Glacial landforms and scattered erratics were identified in the field using primarily morpho-and lithostratigraphic criteria, and mapped on aerial photographs and topographic maps. Topographic characteristics of the glacial deposits were analyzed using standard statistical procedures. A sequence of glacial deposits was identified in terms of six glacial stages, these glaciations named according to type site, and relative ages inferred. With the exception of perched Stage I (early) deposits along the range crest, reconstructed equilibrium-line altitudes and elevation of the glacier termini increase to the present, with glacier length and inferred size decreasing through time. Preliminary data suggest that weathering and pedogenesis are also progressive, though environmental gradients mask some of these distinctions between deposits. It is hypothesized that the White Mountains have a similar glacial chronology to the adjacent Sierra Nevada, but that with the intensification of the Sierran rainshadow during the Quaternary, the extent of glaciation in the White Mountains apparently decreased through time owing to regional tectonic uplift. This had led to the preservation of a more complete sequence of glacial deposits than in the Sierra Nevada, making the delineation of multiple mid-Quaternary events possible in many valleys. Further radiometric and chronometric dating of these deposits is in progress. [Key words: Glaciation, Quaternary, glacial geomorphology, White Mountains, California, Nevada.  相似文献   

Disintegration of Fan Sediments in Death Valley,California, by Salt Weathering     

Andrew S. Goudie  Michael J. Day 《自然地理学》2013,34(2):126-137

In Death Valley, California, an area of high aridity and great salinity, alluvial fans de scend into the zone of salt accumulation. When the rounded fan gravels come into contact with salt, some of which is sodium sulfate, they are rapidly shattered and reduced in size. Silt and clay are formed by this salt weathering process and this fine material may be subject to deflation processes.  相似文献   

Intermediate disturbance and patterns of species richness     

Jacob Bendix  John J. Wiley Jr.  Michael G. Commons 《自然地理学》2013,34(5):393-403

Abstract

The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) predicts highest species diversity in environments experiencing intermediate intensity disturbance, after an intermediate timespan. Because many landscapes comprise mosaics with complex disturbance histories, the theory implies that each patch in those mosaics should have a distinct level of diversity reflecting the magnitude of disturbance and the time since it occurred. We model changing patterns of species richness across a landscape experiencing varied scenarios of simulated disturbance in order to predict first the variation of richness through time in individual patches, based on their disturbance histories, and then the changing patterns of richness across the landscape through time, representing the cumulative impact of changing richness within the individual patches. Model outputs show that individual landscape patches have highly variable species richness through time, with the trajectory reflecting the timing, intensity and sequence of disturbances. When the results are mapped across the landscape, the resulting temporal and spatial complexity reveals a distribution of biodiversity that is strikingly contingent on the details of disturbance history. These results illustrate the danger of generalization (in either data interpretation or management decisions), as IDH actually imposes a highly variable pattern of diversity.  相似文献   

遥感地表温度降尺度方法比较————性能对比及适应性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

全金玲  占文凤  陈云浩  刘闻雨 《遥感学报》2013,17(2):361-387

在归纳现有遥感地表温度降尺度方法的基础上, 选取3种代表性方法:Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)、Pixel Block Intensity Modulation (PBIM)和Linear Spectral Mixture Model (LSMM)方法进行实验比较, 并建立了一种纹理相似性度量指标CO-RMSE (Co-Occurrence Root Mean Square Error)。结果表明:(1)NDVI方法受季节影响最严重, 不适于春、冬季, 其次为PBIM方法;(2)LSMM方法受分辨率限制最大, 低分辨率时丢失大量纹理信息, NDVI方法在较高分辨率时优于PBIM方法, 较低分辨率时则相反;(3)3种方法的适用区域分别为植被与裸土像元并存区域, 山区和反照率变化较大区域, 以及类别间温差较大区域;(4)NDVI方法操作最简单, LSMM方法最复杂。分析认为, 尺度因子是决定方法性能的关键, 应根据季节、分辨率、地表覆盖、应用目的和操作性等综合选择。  相似文献