全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3845篇 |
免费 | 641篇 |
国内免费 | 796篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 189篇 |
大气科学 | 487篇 |
地球物理 | 739篇 |
地质学 | 1602篇 |
海洋学 | 730篇 |
天文学 | 11篇 |
综合类 | 332篇 |
自然地理 | 1192篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 37篇 |
2023年 | 86篇 |
2022年 | 236篇 |
2021年 | 220篇 |
2020年 | 214篇 |
2019年 | 287篇 |
2018年 | 226篇 |
2017年 | 207篇 |
2016年 | 254篇 |
2015年 | 219篇 |
2014年 | 243篇 |
2013年 | 270篇 |
2012年 | 272篇 |
2011年 | 273篇 |
2010年 | 240篇 |
2009年 | 259篇 |
2008年 | 196篇 |
2007年 | 240篇 |
2006年 | 189篇 |
2005年 | 150篇 |
2004年 | 149篇 |
2003年 | 124篇 |
2002年 | 87篇 |
2001年 | 98篇 |
2000年 | 68篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 65篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 51篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5282条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
Zhuravlev Igor Igorevich 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):128-132
Complex experimental research of thermal properties of oil-contaminated frozen soils was carried out. On the basis of the obtained results the influence of the various factors connected with oil pollution on heat transfer in frozen soils was analyzed. And the model of heat transfer in frozen soils was offered. 相似文献
92.
93.
Physical disturbance creates bacterial dominance of benthic biological communities in tropical deltaic environments of the Gulf of Papua 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Unlike many reactive continental shelf mud deposits in temperate regions, bacteria and microfauna rather than macrofauna typically dominate benthic biomass and activities over large areas of the Gulf of Papua (GoP) deltaic complex, Papua New Guinea. During mid NW monsoon periods (Jan–Feb), macrofaunal densities at Gulf stations were relatively low (), large macroinfauna were absent (upper 25 cm), and small (), surface deposit-feeding polychaetes and tubiculous amphipods were dominant, reflecting a frequently destabilized seabed and high sedimentation/erosion rates. Although frequent physical disturbance generally inhibits development of macrobenthic communities, some regions of the Gulf deposits are periodically colonized and extensively bioturbated during quiescent periods, as shown by preserved biogenic sedimentary structures. Bacterial inventories integrated over the top 20 cm were extremely variable within each sub region of the clinoform complex. A possible bimodal pattern with bathymetric depth and distance offshore may occur: lowest-inventories within the sandy, proximal Fly River delta, an open Gulf inner topset zone (10–20 m) having sites of relatively high inventories, an open Gulf mid-topset region with intermediate values and less extreme variation, and the outer topset—upper foreset zone (40–50 m) where highest values are attained (). Various measures of microbial activity, including measures proportional to the cellular rRNA content and the proportion of dividing cells, indicate extremely productive populations over the upper 1-m of the seabed throughout the Gulf of Papua region. Bacterial biomass (0–20 cm) including data of Alongi et al. (1991, 1992, 1995) varied from a low of in intertidal mud banks to a high of in the topset—foreset zone. Macrofaunal biomass did not exceed in any sampled region, ranging from 0.009±0 to with no obvious correlation with bathymetric depth (1–63 m). Meiofaunal biomass was generally an order of magnitude lower than macrofaunal biomass. Relatively elevated bacterial biomass and high turnover rates are consistent with high measured rates of benthic remineralization, presumably reflecting the rapid response time of bacteria to physical reworking, the associated entrainment of organic substrate, and flushing of metabolites. Solute exchange is also enhanced below the directly mixed surface region, possibly producing ‘far field’ stimulation of microbes in underlying deposits. Physical reworking and reoxidation of sediments between 10 and 50 m water depth maintain suboxic, nonsulfidic conditions in the upper 0.5–1 m despite active microbial communities and high benthic remineralization rates. 相似文献
94.
95.
地域分异是地球表层大小不等、内部具有一定相似性地段之间的相互分化以及由此产生的差异。为了研究不同区位土壤侵蚀问题,从土壤生态景观及系统论出发,运用地质学、地理学、景观生态学、环境学的理论和研究方法,研究湖北省土壤侵蚀景观空间格局及其驱动因子,使土壤侵蚀问题研究提高到一个新的水平。湖北省土壤侵蚀景观具有南北分带、东西分区,为一不对称的断块一环组合,土壤流呈现向长江、江汉盆地中心轴带辐聚、单流向特点。景观空间异质性形成的首要驱动因子是大地构造背景,以房县一襄樊一广济断裂带为界,南北两侧地壳物质组成和构造发展史存在较明显的差异,现代气候带、降雨量、温热程度及土地利用等差异,造成了湖北省区域土壤地理、土壤生态的分异,形成湖北省土壤生态带、区具有南北分带,东西分区的宏观格局;其次大兴安岭一武陵山深部构造陡变带两侧新构造运动强度差异、大别造山带构造强烈隆升,导致土壤侵蚀强度的西强东弱、南北强中间弱的态势;成土母岩差异性决定了土壤可蚀性的多变;空间上“土壤侵蚀内城区”分布在湖北省的周边地区,经济贫困、管理落后,这一地区的经济水平与水土流失间形成“自反馈作用”,这一现象在我国水土保持、生态建设工作中应该引起重视。 相似文献
96.
盾构近距离穿越施工对已运营隧道的扰动影响分析 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18
基于盾构施工对周围土体及构筑物的扰动影响机理,通过实测数据对盾构近距离穿越扰动影响问题进行了定量分析,并讨论了运营隧道对各盾构施工参数的敏感性.研究结果表明盾构穿越对已建地铁隧道的扰动影响主要以隧道的竖向位移为主.随着盾构推进,隧道结构纵向上呈波浪状,其隆起峰值不断沿推进方向移动.盾尾后隧道段受盾构穿越的影响显著,但隆起峰值始终位于盾尾后. 相似文献
97.
内蒙古温带半干旱羊草草原N2O通量及其影响因素 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
利用静态箱 -气相色谱法于 2 0 0 1~ 2 0 0 3年对内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原进行了连续 2年的野外定位试验 ,获得羊草草原原状群落与土壤N2 O年排放通量分别在 3 91~ 4 71μgm- 2h- 1以及 5 5 0~ 10 0 3μgm- 2 h- 1范围内变动 ,证明内蒙古温带半干旱羊草草原生态系统是大气中N2 O的源 ;系统分析了羊草草原N2 O通量的季节变化、源汇特征以及关键的环境因子对草地N2 O通量的影响等 ,建立了N2 O通量与环境因子间的回归方程 ;并利用两年连续完整的观测数据对羊草草原N2 O年排放量进行了估算 相似文献
98.
ZulkifliNasution MashhorMansor 《湿地科学》2004,2(2):104-109
Situated at an elevation of 905 m above sea level in the Province of North Sumatra, Lake Toba and its surrounding landscapes are regarded as a natural heritage in a certain extent, as a quoted national treasure. Unfortunately degradation of the land and water resources in the watershed along Lake Toba is taking place at an alarming and totally unacceptable rate. The quality of the lake is partly depended on input the quality of the rivers. When compared to the control area the water quality that influenced by the piggeries are highly polluted. It can be concluded that the Salbe River at the downstream of the piggeries has been polluted and apparently it is a serious problem to the catchment area management. It should be noted that the polluted river would influence the water quality of the Lake Toba. Based on calculation, the permissible BOD5 according to B- river standard is 238 mg/L, it means the river still in B standard but the condition and quality are decreasing continuously. Following the Indonesian health standard the permissible BOD is - 461 mg/L. It means BOD in the river should be reduced 461 mg/L or clean program is needed. 相似文献
99.
杭州城区“最具出游力”人群休闲旅游障碍性因素的实证分析 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
休闲旅游作为一种旅游方式和休闲活动内容越来越受到重视,通过对杭州市“最具出游力”人群调查,运用旅游地理学分析方法发现,影响他们进行休闲旅游的因素最重要的是时间因素、交通因素和学习因素,传统观点中的经济因素地位明显下降;同时分析了不同职业、性别和年龄人员中各因素作用的差异。这种实证性的调查分析方法和结论对于休闲旅游理论和杭州市休闲产业的发展都有一定意义。 相似文献
100.
Fred Worrall Ross Morrison Chris Evans Joerg Kaduk Susan Page Alex Cumming Mark Rayment Nicholas Kettridge 《水文研究》2021,35(12):e14431
Whilst all ecosystems must obey the second law of thermodynamics, these physical bounds and controls on ecosystem evolution and development are largely ignored across the ecohydrological literature. To unravel the importance of these underlying restraints on ecosystem form and function, and their power to inform our scientific understanding, we have calculated the entropy budget of a range of peat ecosystems. We hypothesize that less disturbed peatlands are ‘near equilibrium’ with respect to the second law of thermodynamics and thus respond to change by minimizing entropy production. This ‘near equilibrium’ state is best achieved by limiting evaporative losses. Alternatively, peatlands ‘far-from-equilibrium’ respond to a change in energy inputs by maximizing entropy production which is best achieved by increasing evapotranspiration. To test these alternatives this study examined the energy balance time series from seven peatlands across a disturbance gradient. We estimate the entropy budgets for each and determine how a change in net radiation (ΔRn) was transferred to a change in latent heat flux (ΔλE). The study showed that: (i) The transfer of net radiation to latent heat differed significantly between peatlands. One group transferred up to 64% of the change in net radiation to a change in latent heat flux, while the second transferred as little as 27%. (ii) Sites that transferred the most energy to latent heat flux were those that produced the greatest entropy. The study shows that an ecosystem could be ‘near equilibrium’ rather than ‘far from equilibrium’. 相似文献