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21.
Hamid Reza Rahmani 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):110-110
Even though, application of industrial effluent water may alleviate the irrigation water shortage in dry regions such as Iran, but uncontrolled discharge into environment and agricultural land may cause unirreversible harmful damage to environments. Therefore, application of industrial effluent water should consider the environmental consequences such as soil, ground water and food contamination. In this study the effect application of Zob-Ahan effluent water for irrigation water and seepage from evaporation ponds on the chemical composition of surrounding well-water were seasonally investigated from April to March in 2003. The water from the selected well was sampled and analyzed for pH, EC, nitrate, hardness, TSS, TDS, and cations including Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, anions including SO4^2-, CO3^2-, HCO3^-, Cl^-, and heavy metals including Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, and Zn . The results were compared with standard levels for ground water resources, irrigation water, and direct human consumption. The result shows that the ground water in the vicinity of effluent water application fields and evaporation ponds is contaminated and the concentrations of NO3, Cl and Fe are higher than standard permissible levels for ground water resources. For irrigation or discharge into absorption well the heavy metal concentrations of Cu, Cr, Co, and Fe are limiting. 相似文献
22.
青岛团岛地区入海的主要水污染源,是来自其汇水区城内的大量生活污水和一定量的轻工业废水.自1998～2007年底,累计处理污水14254万吨,削减各类有机物如CODcr、BOD、SS以及NH4-N、TP等污染物累积28万吨,为减轻胶州湾口的水环境污染起到一定的作用.团岛污水厂采用"生物脱氮除磷A/A/O"工艺,自运行以来,不断提出一些优化方案以改善污水处理效果,使出水COD、BOD5、SS、NH4-N、TP等指标达到并优于国家二级排放标准(GB18918-2002),提高了排入胶州湾口的水质质量. 相似文献
23.
Impact of Suspended Particles and Enhancement Techniques on Ultraviolet Disinfection of a Secondary Effluent 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The concentration of suspended solids in the secondary effluent often varies widely, leading to frequent adjustment of the UV dosage to meet the disinfection criterion. In addition, a desired disinfection rate is difficult to achieve sometimes. The authors studied the particle size distribution, contribution of particle-associated Fecal Coliform （F. C. ）, and their influences on UV disinfection. A combined disinfection process （chlorination with a subsequent UV disinfection） was tested to improve the disinfection effect. The results indicated that the content of suspended solids, especially that of large particles, has a strong impact on UV disinfection efficiency; D〉 10 μm particles associated F.C. are difficult to be disinfected and are the main part of the tailings of F.C. inactivation curves. Pre-chlorination could decrease the number of particles in the secondary effluent and transform the large particles into small ones, reducing the influence of particles on UV disinfection and enhancing the resistance ability of the combined process to particle loading. 相似文献
24.
In this study, the removal of free cyanide from aqueous solutions by activated carbon was investigated. Effects of metal impregnation (Cu and Ag), aeration, and concentrations of adsorbent and cyanide on the rate and extent of the removal of cyanide were studied. The results have shown that the capacity of activated carbon for the removal of cyanide can be significantly improved (up to 6.3-fold) via impregnation of activated carbon with metals such as copper and silver. Silver-impregnated activated carbon was found to be the most effective at the reduction of cyanide level in solution. This appeared to be coupled with its comparatively high metal content after impregnation process where silver (5.07%) could be more readily loaded on activated carbon than copper (0.43%). Kinetics and equilibrium data for cyanide removal by plain and metal-impregnated activated carbons were determined to be consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherms, respectively. Aeration (0.27 l/min) was found to exert a profound effect on the process leading to a 5.5–49.1% enhancement in the performances of plain and metal-impregnated activated carbons. This enhancement could be attributed to the increase in the availability of active sites on activated carbon for adsorption and the catalytic oxidising activity of activated carbon in the presence of oxygen. Practical limiting capacity of plain, copper- and silver-impregnated activated carbons for the removal of cyanide were experimentally determined to be 19.7, 22.4 and 29.6 mg/g, respectively. 相似文献
25.
大亚湾核电站运行以后 ,温排水主要影响核电站以东沿岸水域 ,温升 2℃的范围大约在2km以内。邻近水域的鱼卵和仔鱼数量仍然比较丰富 ,季节变化亦无大异常 ,但是在种类组成上出现了一些异常现象 :小沙丁鱼Sadinellaspp .鱼卵和仔鱼数量明显增多 ,斑Clupan odonpunctatus和鲷科 (Sparidae)鱼类的鱼卵和仔鱼数量显著减少 ,并且未见鱼Engraulisjaponicus和小公鱼Anchoviellasp .鱼卵以及科 (Engraulidae)和银汉鱼科 (Atherinidae)仔鱼的出现。鱼卵的数量分布与温排水有关 ,而仔鱼与之无关 ,鱼卵死亡率与温排水的关系亦不显著。文中还讨论了温排水的影响范围、鱼卵死亡率与温排水的关系以及温排水对成鱼的影响等问题。 相似文献
26.
Heather E. Gall Stephen A. Sassman Byron Jenkinson Linda S. Lee Chad T. Jafvert 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1318-1328
Little is known regarding hormone export from tile‐drained agricultural fields despite the widespread presence of tile drains in the Midwestern United States. By intensively measuring water flow rates and hormone concentrations in four subsurface tile drains and three receiving ditches at a working Midwest farm, hormone fluxes and loads from the tile‐drained fields were quantified. Before and during the 17‐month study period (January 2009 – May 2010), the associated farm fields received various animal waste applications (beef, dairy, poultry, sheep, and swine). Hormones monitored included the estrogens17β‐ and 17α‐estradiol, estrone, and estriol; the natural androgens testosterone, and androstenedione; and the synthetic androgens 17β‐ and 17α‐trenbolone, and trendione. Hormone loads measured in the ditches for three drainage areas during the entire 17‐month study period were in ranges of 16–58 mg/ha for total estrogens, 6.8–19 mg/ha for natural androgens, and 4.2–44 mg/ha for synthetic androgens. Because higher hormone concentrations generally occurred during discrete periods of increased flow, high flow rates often were associated with a disproportionately high hormone flux. For example, 80% of total estrogens and natural androgens exported into the ditches occurred during only 9–26% of the study period, coinciding with the most significant storm events. In addition, hormone fluxes were highest during storm events that occurred shortly after animal waste applications. Therefore, to effectively reduce hormone loads exported to downstream aquatic ecosystems in the absence of any application reduction, the short periods during which high‐flow events occur must be targeted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
27.
本研究目的是检验市政污水厂尾水排放对海洋双壳类动物文蛤的内分泌干扰效应,判断其血浆中卵黄蛋白原(Vtg)水平作为尾水受纳海域雌激素效应生物标志物可行性。将文蛤在不同浓度的尾水-海水混合液(0%、1%、5%、10%、20%、40%)中持续暴露培养20d,定期测定雄性文蛤血浆中Vtg含量,分析暴露期间Vtg水平随尾水体积比(EVR)和培养时间的变化趋势。结果表明,暴露培养10d后,尾水体积比40%的处理组中雄性文蛤的血浆Vtg含量明显上升(P0.05),随着培养时间延长到15和20d,在较低的EVR(10%、20%)下也能监测到尾水对文蛤Vtg的明显诱导,表明污水处理厂尾水中存在一定数量的内分泌活性物质,对雄性文蛤具有显著类雌激素效应;Vtg最大值出现在EVR20%的尾水暴露15d以及EVR40%的尾水暴露20d,分别比对照组增加45.86%和47.40%。如果采用笼养文蛤监测尾水受纳海域的类雌激素效应,适宜的暴露时间为20d,此时采集的雄性文蛤Vtg可指示较大范围尾水的影响。 相似文献
28.
This study established wetland microcosms that were either unplanted or planted in monoculture with native mangrove species in Taiwan (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa, and Lumnitzera racemosa) for the purpose of receiving high-salinity mariculture effluents; additionally, the microcosms operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Plant growth and the performance of the microcosms with respect to pollutant removal were investigated. The results showed that seedlings of all three mangrove species survived and grew sufficiently well under continuous flooding. The presence of mangroves consistently improved SS, BOD5, and TP removal, particularly under short HRT conditions. The mangrove microcosms removed pollutants from the mariculture effluents with efficiencies of 5.7-27.1% (SS), 4.9-36.3% (BOD5), 18.7-29.9% (TP), 21.2-49.8% (NH4-N), and 5.4-37.7% (NOx-N). A. marina and L. racemosa were more tolerant of continuous flooding than R. stylosa. However, no species displayed consistently superior performance in decreasing all pollutant-related parameters investigated. For all pollutants, microcosms operating at a 2-d HRT exhibited a higher removal efficiency than those operating at a 0.5-d HRT. 相似文献
29.
全球变暖引起的珊瑚白化和珊瑚钙化能力减弱,对全球珊瑚礁生态系统构成了严重威胁.在这样的背景下,相对高纬度海域石珊瑚(Scleractinia)群落被认为是珊瑚物种延续的最后避难所.通过分析大亚湾海域持续生长46年(1962-2007年)的滨珊瑚Porites骨骼参数(生长率、密度和钙化率),研究相对高纬度海域石珊瑚钙化对全球变暖以及人为热排放的响应模式.结果显示,滨珊瑚平均生长率、密度和钙化率分别为0.97cm·a-1(0.41-1.32cm·a-1)、1.45g·cm-3(1.17-1.65g·cm-3)和1.40g·(cm2·a)-1[0.59-1.93g·(cm2·a)-1].海表温度(SST)是该海域石珊瑚钙化的主导控制因素.1962-1993年,全球变暖、SST上升对大亚湾滨珊瑚生长有缓解冬季低温胁迫、促进骨骼钙化的作用.然而,随着SST持续上升以及大亚湾核电站的运行,全球变暖与核电站温排水对滨珊瑚骨骼形成高密度带造成抑制作用,导致自1993年以后滨珊瑚骨骼生长率和钙化率呈下降趋势,并出现1997-2001年和2006年的低谷.因此,全球变暖,至少是初期,对相对高纬度海域石珊瑚钙化乃至珊瑚礁发育是有促进作用的.但随着SST持续上升,加上ENSO等极端高温事件以及人类活动的影响,可能在未来会出现相对高纬度海域的大面积石珊瑚白化. 相似文献
30.
This study examined ${\rm NH}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm + }} $ , ${\rm PO}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm 3}- } $ recovery and the concentration of residual ions from anaerobic effluent of the potato processing industry through magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation using a Box–Behnken design. The regression model was statistically significant in terms of ${\rm NH}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm + }} $ and ${\rm PO}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm 3}- } $ removal efficiency and residual ion concentrations. Optimum ${\rm NH}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm + }} $ and ${\rm PO}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm 3}- } $ removal was obtained at pH 9.50 and at Mg2+/${\rm NH}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm + }} $ /${\rm PO}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm 3}- } $ molar ratio of 1.8:1:1.8. Under these conditions, Mg, Ca, K, Fe, and Cl concentrations required for plant growth significantly decreased with MAP precipitation, which was supported by EDX analysis of dry MAP precipitate. The fertilizer effect of MAP on the growth of corn and tomato plants was compared with chemical fertilizers through pot trials. Nutrient element uptake levels of plants were examined in different fertilizer sources. While Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn nutrient element uptake levels were sufficient in MAP pots, Ca uptake exceeded sufficient level. Average levels of N, P, K, Mg, Cu, and Mn of corn plant were higher in MAP than other pots. The average N, P, and Mg levels of tomato plant in MAP pots were higher than other pots. N/K ratio, which is important in tomato plants, was better optimized in MAP pots. Only Ni, Cr, and Pb heavy metals were found in plants. 相似文献