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71.
细基江蓠繁枝变种与益生菌净化养殖废水的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内实验和室外排水沟实验研究了细基江蓠繁枝变种Gracilarla tenuistipitatavar.liui与益生菌(光合细菌Rhodopseudomonas capsulata和芽孢杆菌Bacillus lichenifirmis24h内对集约化对虾养殖废水的协同净化作用。室内实验显示益生菌和细基江蓠繁枝变种对灭菌后的养殖废水有净化作用,净化效果表现为:混合组(江蓠 益生菌)>江蓠组>益生菌组>对照组;室外排水沟实验中江蓠组与混合组都显示对养殖废水的净化有明显作用,但两组之间各项指标(除TN外)差异不显著(p>0.05),而益生菌组与对照组的各项指标之间的差异也不显著(p>0.05)。这并不能否定江蓠与益生菌之间的协同作用,而可能与排水沟水体的异养细菌数高(检出数为104—105CFU.ml-1)有关。 相似文献
72.
Modeling of coastal effluent transport: an approach to linking far-field and near-field models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
One of the challenges in effluent transport modeling in coastal tidal environments is the proper specification of initial dilution in connection with the far-field transport phenomena. An approach of external linkage of far-field and near-field effluent transport models is presented, and applied to simulating the effluent transport in the Port Angeles Harbor, Washington in the Strait of Juan de Fuea. A near-field plume model was used to calculate the effluent initial dilution and a three-dimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate the tidal circulation and far-field effluent transport in the Port Angeles Harbor. The hydrodynamic model was driven by tides and surface winds. Observed water surface elevation and velocity data were used to calibrate the model over a period covering the neap-spring tidal cycle. The model was also validated with observed surface drogue trajectory data. The model successfully reproduced the tidal dynamics in the study area and good agreements between model results and observed data were obtained. It is demonstrated that the linkage between the near-field and far-field models in effluent transport modeling can be achieved through iteratively adjusting the model grid sizes such that the dilution ratio and effluent concentration in the circulation model grid cell match the concentration calculated by the near-field plume model. 相似文献
73.
Disposal of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent into sea, a typical anthropogenic disturbance, may influence many environmental factors and change the coastal microbial community structure. In this study, by setting up coastal sediment microcosms perturbed by WWTP effluent, the changes of microbial community structure under different degree of disturbances were investigated. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) were used to analyzed the biomass and biodiversity. High throughput sequencing analysis was used to identify the classification of the microorganisms. Our study suggested that low ratio of WWTP effluent may stimulate dominant species, which increase the biomass but decrease the biodiversity; while high ratio of WWTP effluent may depress all species, which decrease the biomass but increase the biodiversity. In other words, the impact was dose-dependent. The changes of microbial community structure may provide a metric for water environmental assessment and pollution control. 相似文献
74.
以红沿河核电站附近海域为研究对象,基于2014年到2017年获取的Landsat-8卫星遥感影像数据,对核电站温排水空间等级分布特征监测技术进行了研究。首先,利用MCSST(McClain Sea Surface Temperature)温度信息提取模型,计算研究区海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)数据;再依据海湾平均温度法,计算出海面基准温度;其次,进行差值计算,根据温升强度等级,得到研究海域的等级分布数据;最后,基于掩膜技术与监督分类方法,剔除非核电站温排水影响的温升区,得到研究区海域温排水等级分布(Distribution of Thermal Plume,DTP)特征与统计数据,建立了一套核电站温排水遥感监测方案。实验结果表明,冬季的核电站温排水遥感定量监测结果较好,其他季节受多种因素影响,难以准确定量获取核电站的温排水影响结果。 相似文献
75.
Ayrton F. Martins Carlos A. Mallmann Daniel R. Arsand Francieli Martins Mayer Carla G. B. Brenner 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(1):21-27
In this study, an investigation was carried out into the occurrence of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) in the effluent of the university hospital (HUSM) of the UFSM. The degradation of these antimicrobials by the electrocoagulation (EC) process was also examined, in both the aqueous solution and hospital effluent, and a study was conducted in order to identify the subproducts formed. The experiments were optimized through factorial planning and, also, checked by response surface methodology. The best conditions for EC (achieving 58.0% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction) were obtained by using 13 mA cm?2, 500 mg L?1 of NaCl, and 30 mm of interelectrode distance. The quantification of SMX (27.8 µg L?1) and TMP (6.65 µg L?1) in the hospital effluent, and the identification of the degradation products were carried out through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry quadrupole linear and ion trapping with electrospray ionization (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS_QTrap). Removals of 88.0% (degradation only) and 33.0% (adsorption only) were achieved for aqueous solutions of SMX and TMP, respectively, under optimized conditions. In hospital effluent samples, fortified with additions of SMX and TMP, corresponding removals of 16.0% (degradation) and 28.0% (adsorption) were achieved. This suggests that the EC process is efficient in degrading SMX in aqueous solution, although the same was not the case with TMP. The degradation products of SMX were identified (m/z 256.0 and 288.5); however, only the latter is mentioned in the literature. Toxicological aspects were not considered in this study. 相似文献
76.
The presence of acid pharmaceuticals in water environments poses a potential threat to ecosystems and human health. Recent research has shown that photo oxidation processes are much more effective for removing these pharmaceuticals. However, the existence of humic acid (HA) could inhibit the clearance efficiency of this process. In this study, we investigated the photochemical degradation of six selected acid pharmaceuticals in surface water and effluent from wastewater treatment plants using the UV/H2O2 process. The results showed that HA can act as a photo sensitizer or a . OH sink, and its concentration had a significant inhibitory effect on the degradation of acid pharmaceuticals. Most of these pharmaceuticals were inhibited during this process when HA was added to deionized water solutions. In addition, the effects of chloride, bicarbonate, and nitrate on the degradation of these pharmaceuticals were different. The removal efficiency of these acid pharmaceuticals is lower in natural samples than in deionized samples because of the complex constituents in the latter. 相似文献
77.
A. A. Fincham 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):655-662
The tidal swimming rhythm of the New Zealand rocky shore isopod Exosphaeroma obtusum (Dana) is described. Peak swimming was on the ebb tide about 2.5 h after high water; the peak in the dark period was 6–8 times greater in amplitude than the daytime peak. Positive thigmotaxis was shown at all other times. The rhythm period in continuous darkness (free‐running period) was greater than tidal periodicity, and there was a semi‐lunar swimming pattern with peaks at the first and third quarters of the moon. Rheotropic experiments showed that changes in water flow did not initiate the swimming rhythm. The work was compared with the infaunal species Pseudaega punctala and the northern Eurydice pulchra. It was concluded that infaunal species rely more on endogenous control of the swimming rhythm because of their isolation, when buried, from exogenous Zeitgeber. 相似文献
78.
79.
Most antibiotics are only partially metabolised by patients before being discharged into the municipal sewage system along with patient excreta. Studies have shown that the majority of antibiotics pass through sewage treatment and are then released into the environment. Accordingly, investigations conducted in various countries have detected a number of antibiotics in the low μg or ng per litre range in different environmental compartments. Studies connecting mass balances of use on a local scale and of input and analysis of the antibiotic concentrations present in municipal sewage treatment plants are scarce. Data on local use of antibiotics and their relation to nationwide consumption are not available. This study investigated the use, input, and fate of antibiotics on a local scale and this data were compared with the German nationwide consumption. 42 antibiotics and 15 antimycotics were used in the mass balance consideration over a period of one year. It was found that the local pattern of usage differed only little from that found nationwide. Seasonal changes were minor and the concentrations actually measured were found to be in the expected range. Differences in both the identified occurrence and the concentrations of the target compounds were observed within and between the three sampling periods. 相似文献
80.
Groundwater pollution due to discharge of industrial effluents in Venkatapuram area, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hindustan Polymers Limited was established in the Venkatapuram area in the northwestern part of Visakhapatnam urban agglomeration.
Untreated industrial effluent from the plant is discharged with total dissolved solids concentrations reaching up to 6500 mg/l.
The groundwater pollution was identified as early as 1981 and a hydrogeologic and water-quality database is available from
1981. The groundwater quality in the plant environs is found to be in the range of 3500–4500 mg/l. Major chemical constituents
of industrial-waste waters consist of Na, Cl, and SO4. Some characteristic parameters of the aquifer were estimated. The available hydrogeologic and hydrologic data was analyzed
to conceptualize the groundwater regime. A mathematical groundwater flow model was constructed to compute the hydraulic head
at the center of finite-difference grid. The computed head distribution and effective porosity of the formations were used
to calculate the groundwater flow velocity. The computed velocity field was ultimately used to prognose the pollutant migration
in groundwater accounting for the advection and dispersion processes in the mass transport model and for determining the time-dependent
pathlines of pollutant. Areal migration of pollutants from the source was predicted up to year 2002.
Received: 23 December 1996 · Accepted: 9 September 1997 相似文献