Large Scale Rockfall Reach Susceptibility Maps in La Cabrera Sierra (Madrid) performed with GIS and Dynamic Analysis at 1:5,000   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ayala-Carcedo  Francisco J.  Cubillo-Nielsen  Silvia  Alvarez  Ana  Domínguez  María J.  Laín  Luis  Laín  Ricardo  Ortiz  Guillermo 《Natural Hazards》2003,29(3):325-340

For the testing of the effect on the tsunami prevention facilities, a simplified methodfor tsunami risk assessment was suggested without wave run-up analysis. This methodis proposed using calculated offshore tsunami waveform and field reconnaissance suchas the seawall height, time necessary for residents' evacuation and tsunami warninginsurance. Then, two normalized values are evaluated; one is the ratio of calculatedmaximum tsunami height to seawall height, the other is the ratio of time betweentsunami over-topping and evacuation completion to total time required for evacuation.These two values are used to qualitatively estimate the safety of residents and the effectof tsunami prevention facilities, eliminating the necessity to compute complicatedtsunami run-up onshore.  相似文献   

Progress in NTHMP Hazard Assessment     

Frank I. González  Vasily V. Titov  Harold O. Mofjeld  Angie J. Venturato  R. Scott Simmons  Roger Hansen  Rodney Combellick  Richard K. Eisner  Don F. Hoirup  Brian S. Yanagi  Sterling Yong  Mark Darienzo  George R. Priest  George L. Crawford  Timothy J. Walsh 《Natural Hazards》2005,35(1):89-110

The Hazard Assessment component of the U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program has completed 22 modeling efforts covering 113 coastal communities with an estimated population of 1.2 million residents that are at risk. Twenty-three evacuation maps have also been completed. Important improvements in organizational structure have been made with the addition of two State geotechnical agency representatives to Steering Group membership, and progress has been made on other improvements suggested by program reviewers.  相似文献   

基于GIS与多智能体的人群疏散模拟     

刘小婵  张明锋  张正祥  张洪岩 《地理信息世界》2014,(5)

应急疏散存在复杂性与多变性,传统的模拟方法难以真实刻画应急疏散的复杂动态过程。作为应急疏散领域的新兴研究方向之一,基于多智能体(Multi-Agent)的建模方法通过微观个体的相互作用而产生宏观全局的格局,适合研究应急疏散等复杂问题。本文在复杂适应系统理论的启示下,将多智能体思想引入到人群疏散模拟领域中,将地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,简称GIS)与多智能体技术结合,从空间个体行为的微观角度入手,对疏散动态模拟进行了研究,构建了基于GIS与Multi-Agent技术的疏散仿真模型,呈现了灾害情境下人群的动态疏散过程,实现了GIS空间信息数据的动态表达,对应急预案的制定、救灾设施的建设与管理以及应急疏散工作的开展等具有重大意义。  相似文献   

基于房产空间数据的楼宇空间疏散路径建模研究     

温永宁  张红平  闾国年  张宏  陶虹 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(6):788-796

紧急情况下人员快速、安全疏散是室内空间智能化导航和路径规划服务的研究热点.本文采用房产空间管理数据为数据源,以“路径”和“节点”为关键要素,设计了楼宇空间路径模型,用以表达楼宇内部的空间关系及拓扑结构.基于此模型进一步研究了用于紧急疏散的楼宇路径构建算法,论述了构建“单楼层”和“多楼层”路径过程中走廊(过道)路径提取、...  相似文献   

广义最短路径在街区人员疏散中的应用研究     

欧斌  解正明  孙睿英 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(10)

选择广度优先遍历算法,以事发地点为起始对所有路段进行编号。通过分析影响街区人员疏散的几个因素,研究了人员疏散的相关模型,并对广义最短路径在人员疏散过程中的模拟做了一些研究。最后对全文内容进行了小结,并对值得进一步研究的问题给出了建议。  相似文献   

Flood evacuation simulations using cellular automata and multiagent systems -a human-environment relationship perspective     

Yi Li  Bisong Hu  Dong Zhang  Jianhua Gong  Yiquan Song 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):2241-2258

ABSTRACT

A flood evacuation represents a complex geographic phenomenon that includes comprehensive interactions among humans, the flood and urban environments; thus, the simulation of flood evacuations requires crowd simulation models to be coupled with flood models. This paper studies the human-environment relationship during flooding and promotes a simulation model that combines cellular automata and a multiagent system to simulate crowd evacuations in flood disasters. A case study of Niaodao Island was used to evaluate the performance of flood evacuation experiments, and real-participant experiments based on the virtual reality (VR) environment were employed for bench-mark comparisons. The integrated model can provide a comprehensive solution to assist flood risk analysis.  相似文献   

震时中学应急疏散模型建立的探究     

黄猛  张震  丰继林  周雪娇 《四川地震》2009,(3):45-47

如何有效预防和减少地震及其他突发事件导致的人员伤亡,已成为国内外公共安全工作和研究的重中之重。本文从汶川地震中中学生的伤亡情况、人员疏散状态和疏散时间密切相关的特点出发,阐述了建立中学校园疏散时间模型的必要性。以中学生在面对地震等灾害情况时的心理和行为规律的研究为基础,探究了采用回归分析法建立应急疏散时间与各影响因素之间的回归模型的想法,并且建立人员应急疏散运动时间预测模型的可行性方法。  相似文献   

深海采矿整体联动风险分析及应急撤离策略研究     

谢梦琪  杨高胜  陈丹东  余倩  杨光  施威 《海洋科学》2021,45(9):91-98

深海采矿作为新领域资源重点开发项目,国外已开展部分试验研究,国内现阶段仅停留在重点设备部件级功能验证,还未开展过系统整体联动,距离海洋油气等正在进行的规模化商业开采还有很大距离。本文以深海采矿系统整体联动模型为基础,与海洋油气工程作业平台技术模型进行对比,对整体联动风险点进行深度分析,并根据重点风险部件开展其悬挂模式、力学模型研究,探讨深海采矿系统整体联动时应急撤离的策略。研究总结了深海采矿系统整体联动的特点,提出了管道摇摆幅度超出设计范围、平台升沉行程超出伸缩冲程范围等两大关键风险点、提升硬管受力分析方法和对应的应急撤离方案,对深海采矿工程总体设计和工程实施具有指导意义和参考价值。  相似文献   

A Review on the Research Progress in Operational Earthquake Forecasting (OEF) in the World     

Bi Jinmeng  Jiang Changsheng 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):1-14

In this paper, the research progress of the Operational Earthquake Forecasting (OEF) is introduced from the major areas of concern, the concept of probability gain, hybrid model development,and the application to earthquake disaster reduction.Due to the development of OEF based on the global "Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP)" plan, it provides a significant technical foundation for earthquake forecast modeling and a practical foundation for solving the actual problems in earthquake preparedness and disaster mitigation.Therefore, related research and technical ideas provide inspirational and referential significance for earthquake forecasting/prediction.  相似文献   

中小学避难建筑规划建设标准与容灾能力研究          下载免费PDF全文

王丽华  马东辉 《世界地震工程》2020,(1):153-161

已知避难建筑相较于场地型避难场所更有利于中长期避难,而目前我国城镇避难场所建设以场地型为主,建筑型避难场所存在严重不足。基于此,首先提出将中小学校舍建设为建筑型避难场所的重要性及可行性,并从空间利用角度对其可作为避难建筑的类型进行分析研究,指出中小学体育馆、食堂、宿舍和教室可建设为避难建筑;其次对我国城镇地区现状中小学校舍能够作为避难建筑的容灾能力进行分析,结果表明:现状满足100%的短期灾时避难人口的避难需求,以及满足60%的中长期灾时避难人口的避难需求;最后通过计算进行预测,可知随着城镇人口的增长,其所需的避难规模能够在日常城镇中小学校舍建设更新中逐步实现,大约需要未来20年时间基本可以实现中等规模灾害建筑型避难,大灾害长期避难能够满足100%的中长期灾时避难人口的避难需求,具有规划规模可实现性和可行性。  相似文献