醇羟基对碳酸钙矿物成核物相及界面能影响研究     

杨阳  朱辰  王洪涛  花浩  江锐捷  毛玮  赵良 《高校地质学报》2020,26(6):617-627

文章通过对醇类物质参与下的碳酸钙成核过程进行研究,探讨生物流体中常见的羟基对矿物物相以及界面能的影响。研究结果表明多羟基醇有利于亚稳定球文石的形成,醇的加入会增加方解石和球文石的界面能,醇的羟基定向吸附造成的吸附位密度降低是提升矿物界面能最可能的机制,而溶剂氢键数量决定了碳酸根的自由度,有利于对称度低且CO₃^{2 -} 不平行的球文石形成。水和乙醇—水体系氢键作用弱,界面能低的方解石物相成为热力学优势物相。研究结果凸显了生物成矿流体受羟基影响强烈,通过控制流体中羟基物质含量,生物体可以完全掌控碳酸钙物相的形成部位,加深了对生物成因碳酸钙形成过程的理解。  相似文献   

钙离子添加对沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)富集水体磷的影响     

陈琦  王和云 《湖泊科学》2020,32(2):406-416

沉水植物光合作用形成的微环境有利于水体中钙和磷形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀,从而将水体中的磷永久性去除,避免植物腐烂后的二次污染但不同的沉水植物种类形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力不同本文以沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L)为实验对象,研究水体中添加钙离子(0、100 mg/L)对水体磷(磷浓度:0、0.2、2 mg/L)的去除和植物富集磷的差异,并通过植物灰分磷的组分分析,聚焦植物钙磷的变化,为生态修复中沉水植物的选择提供理论依据结果表明:(1)菹草和金鱼藻体系中总磷(TP)和溶解性反应磷(SRP)浓度显著下降,添加钙离子使降幅升高,且菹草体系中水体TP和SRP降幅均高于金鱼藻TP和SRP降幅;(2)菹草的干重全磷在高磷低钙(2-0)水平最高,灰分总磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,而金鱼藻干重全磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,灰分总磷在中等磷低钙(0.2-0)水平最高;(3)在2 mg/L的磷浓度下,添加钙离子使菹草的钙磷(HCl-P)和水溶性磷(H_2O-P)含量升高,有机磷(NaOH-P)含量降低,结果使灰分总磷含量升高,而金鱼藻NaOH-P升高,HCl-P和H_2O-P含量均降低,结果使灰分总磷降低这表明菹草通过提高吸附性磷和钙磷含量增强磷的富集,而金鱼藻则只显著升高了灰分中有机磷的含量显然,水体富营养化背景下,相较于金鱼藻,菹草具有更强的形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力,具备竞争优势.  相似文献   

腾格里沙漠油蒿群落土壤水分与碳酸钙淀积关系分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

谭丽鹏  何兴东  王海涛  张宁  高玉葆 《中国沙漠》2008,28(4):701-705

为了阐明干旱区土壤含水量和土壤碳酸钙含量之间的关系,选择腾格里沙漠油蒿群落为研究对象,对80m×80m样地内400个4m×4m样方的土壤水分和碳酸钙的分布状况及二者含量之间的关系、空间异质性进行了研究。结果表明:腾格里沙漠油蒿群落土壤含水量呈均匀分布,碳酸钙含量呈小斑块分布;土壤含水量与碳酸钙含量之间存在显著的线性正相关关系,表明碳酸钙含量随着土壤含水量的增加而增加;土壤碳酸钙含量和土壤含水量空间异质性之间呈显著单调递增的幂函数关系。可见,干旱区土壤含水量和碳酸钙含量之间具有密切的关系,土壤含水量越高,碳酸钙淋溶和淀积作用加强,土壤碳酸钙含量也就随之升高。因而,土壤含水量是影响土壤碳酸钙形成的一个重要因素。  相似文献   

Generation of block and ash flows during the 1990–1995 eruption of Unzen Volcano, Japan     

Tadahide Ui  Norimichi Matsuwo  Mari Sumita  Akihiko Fujinawa 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1999,89(1-4)

Processes generating block and ash flows by gravitational dome collapse (Merapi-type pyroclastic flow) were observed in detail during the 1990–1995 eruption of Unzen volcano, Japan. Two different types were identified by analysis of video records and observations during helicopter flights. Most of the block and ash flows erupted during the 1991–1993 exogenous dome growth stage initially involved crack propagation due to cooling and flowage of the dome lava lobes. The mass around the crack became unstable, locally decreasing in tensile strength. Finally, a slab separated from the lobe front, fragmented progressively from the base to the top within a few seconds, and became a block and ash flow. Rock falls immediately followed, in response to local instability of the lobe front. Clasts in these rock falls fragmented and merged with the preceding flow. In contrast, block and ash flows during the endogenous dome growth stage in 1994 were generated due to local bulge of the dome. Unstable lava blocks collapsed and subsequently fragmented to produce block and ash flows.  相似文献   

Glacial–interglacial changes in Subantarctic sea surface temperature and δO-water using foraminiferal Mg     

Tracy A. Mashiotta  David W. Lea  Howard J. Spero 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1999,170(4):113-432

Laboratory culturing experiments with living Globigerina bulloides indicate that Mg/Ca is primarily a function of seawater temperature and suggest that Mg/Ca of fossil specimens is an effective paleotemperature proxy. Using culturing results and a core-top Neogloboquadrina pachyderma calibration, we have estimated glacial–interglacial changes in sea surface temperature (SST) using planktonic Mg/Ca records from core RC11-120 in the Subantarctic Indian Ocean (43°S, 80°E) and core E11-2 in the Subantarctic Pacific Ocean (56°S, 115°W). Our results suggest that glacial SST was about 4°C cooler in the Subantarctic Indian Ocean and 2.5°C cooler in the Subantarctic Pacific. Comparison of SST and planktonic δ¹⁸O records indicates that changes in SST lead changes in δ¹⁸O by on average 1–3 kyr. The glacial–interglacial temperature change indicated by the Subantarctic Mg/Ca records suggests that temperature accounts for 40–60% of the foraminiferal δ¹⁸O change. We have used the Mg/Ca-based SST estimates and δ¹⁸O determinations to generate site-specific seawater δ¹⁸O records, which suggest that seawater δ¹⁸O was on average 1‰ more positive during glacial episodes compared with interglacial episodes.  相似文献   

不同生态处理方法对黑臭河道底泥细菌多样性与群落结构的影响     

金宗安  刘泽君  唐雅丽  关保华  刘正文  任丽娟 《湖泊科学》2020,32(3):754-761

底泥细菌代谢是城市河道底泥代谢物的主要来源,最终决定城市河道的生态状况.本文研究了黑臭河道底泥经添加硝酸钙、生物促生剂和种植沉水植物处理后底泥中细菌群落结构的响应,以期为城市黑臭河道细菌群落的改善和综合治理提供理论依据.实验结果表明:经过不同生态处理后,上覆水中,添加硝酸钙组总氮(TN)含量显著高于对照组,添加生物促生剂组溶解氧浓度显著高于对照组.沉积物中,所有处理组的氧化还原电位值(ORP)均显著高于对照组,种植沉水植物组和添加硝酸钙组TN含量均显著低于对照组,沉积物理化性质得到一定改善.对不同生态处理组底泥细菌群落的研究发现,处理组底泥细菌群落产生了较大变化,且不同处理组细菌群落变化不同,生物促生剂组底泥中细菌的Sobs指数和Chao 1指数显著高于对照组和硝酸钙组,且生物促生剂组Shannon指数和PD指数显著高于硝酸钙组.Proteobacteria(Deltaproteobacteria、Betaproteobacteria、Gammaproteobacteria)、Chloroflexi、Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes和Spirochaetae是各实验组的主要优势菌门;非度量多维尺度分析表明:硝酸钙和生物促生剂的投加可明显改变底泥细菌群落结构组成.在属水平上,uncultured_Anaerolineaceae、Ferribacterium、uncultured_Xanthomonadales_Incertae_Sedis是导致底泥细菌群落发生变化的主要菌属.冗余分析结果表明,底泥ORP的变化是驱动细菌群落结构变化的关键环境因素.  相似文献   

Time series prediction of mooring line top tension by the NARX and Volterra model     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

To minimize the computation burdens of long-term analysis, the mooring line top tensions under various short-term sea states were predicted using the pre-calculated nonlinear time domain analysis results of some selected sea states. A nonlinear autoregressive with an exogenous input (NARX) technique was introduced with a finite nonlinear memory length to predict the top-tension of a mooring line of the box-type floating production storage and offloading (FPSO). The NARX was designed in such a way that it takes the floater’s motions as its input and produces the mooring line top tension as an output. After training the NARX using the pre-calculated time series of the motions and tensions of some selected sea states, the tension time histories of different sea sates were predicted and compared with the direct time domain analysis results. In addition, to explore the nonlinearity of the system and its contribution to the response, the transfer functions of different orders were extracted after expanding the NARX equation using a Taylor series expansion. The nonlinear contributions coming from both the 3^rd and 5^th order were significant.  相似文献   

外源铁对高有机负荷下泰来草光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王慧  史云峰  王帅  蔡嘉丽  李照阳  赵牧秋  韩秋影 《应用海洋学学报》2023,42(1):38-48

海草床是近岸重要的“蓝碳”生态系统,有机负荷升高导致的硫化物胁迫是海草床衰退的重要诱因;外源铁(Fe)的添加可有效改善高有机负荷沉积物中海草的生存状态。本研究在日光温室内,通过向两种不同类型(钙质和硅质)沉积物中添加淀粉(5 g/kg)模拟海草床高有机负荷,同时添加不同量的Fe(II)(0.00、0.05、0.15、0.50 g/kg),探究了泰来草(Thalassia hemprichii)叶片光合色素(Chl a、Chl b、Cx)含量、叶绿素荧光参数(F_m、F_v/F_m、F_v/F₀、Φ_PSII、ETR)及抗氧化酶(POD、SOD、CAT)活性对Fe添加的响应特点。结果表明,培养过程(30 d)中,两种类型的沉积物中外源Fe添加均能有效提升泰来草叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数水平和抗氧化酶活性,且当Fe(Ⅱ)添加量为0.50 g/kg时效果最优。Fe添加量对间隙水Fe²⁺浓度、S^2-浓度、泰来草叶片光合色素含...  相似文献   

异枝麒麟菜硫酸多糖的降解及其对尿石矿物草酸钙的抑制作用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王淼  于海燕  欧阳健明 《海洋科学》2008,32(8):34-37

采用过氧化氢法降解了相对分子质量约为141万±8.3万的海藻异枝麒麟菜(Eucheuma striatum Schmitz)硫酸多糖(ESPS),降解产物平均相对分子质量为4 819±440.降解后多糖的硫酸基(OSO2-3)质量分数稍有下降,由16.03%降至15.20%左右.同时,用体外模拟方法研究了降解前后ESPS对草酸钙(CaOxa)晶体生长的抑制作用,降解后的ESPS明显优于未降解多糖,其诱导生成的一水草酸钙(COM)晶体尺寸进一步减小,晶体数量减少,且棱角更为圆钝.表明低分子质量ESPS更能抑制CaOxa晶体的成核和生长.  相似文献   

饲料中钙、磷和水体盐度对南美白对虾幼虾生长的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄凯  王武  卢洁  邹光茂 《海洋科学》2004,28(2):21-26

用不同钙、磷含量的配合饲料在不同的盐度水体中对南美白对虾幼虾 (Penaeus vannamei)进行饲养试验.试验采取 L9(3 4),磷添加量设 3个水平 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%;钙添加量设 3个水平 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%;水体盐度设 3个水平 4, 17, 30.结果显示,各因素对南美白对虾体质量日增率、饲料系数、成活率的影响大小为盐度 >磷 >钙,对蛋白质效率的影响大小为盐度 >钙 >磷.盐度 4时,不添加钙的组体质量日增率、饲料系数、成活率和蛋白质效率最差;盐度 17时,饲料中磷的添加非常重要.南美白对虾幼虾最适的生长因素是盐度为 17,钙添加量为 1.5%,磷添加量为 1.5%  相似文献