郯庐断裂带安徽太湖段第四纪新活动研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵朋  郑海刚  姚大全  杨源源  黄显良  方震 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(12):1251-1255

郯庐断裂带太湖段位于东大别的东侧，为东大别与山前盆地的构造界线，遥感影像上断层线性特征清晰。在太湖-桐城一带开展了多次野外地质调查和探槽工作，其中太湖小池镇殷家上屋探槽显示，断层带发育有较软的断层泥，断层向上延伸入中更新世棕红色蠕虫状亚粘土中，OSL和ESR样品测试结果表明，断层在中更新世有过较强的活动。桐城挂车河镇洪老屋断层剖面显示断层错断了早中更新世砾石层，断层下部发育有新鲜的断层泥，ESR样品测试结果同样表明断层在中更新世有过较强活动。综合分析认为，郯庐断裂带太湖段在早中更新世仍有过较强活动，最新活动时代为中更新世(Q2)，这或是该地区地震活动以中小地震为主的一个构造背景因素。  相似文献   

肯尼亚交通优势度及其空间分异格局分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭政  陈爽  姚士谋  熊传合 《地理科学》2020,40(6):956-964

基于2018年肯尼亚铁路、公路、机场、港口等交通基础设施数据，设定交通优势度指数及交通网络连接度指数和交通对外通达度指数2个分指数，采用探索性数据分析法对肯尼亚交通优势度及其空间分异格局进行分析，并对其影响因素进行探讨。研究发现：① 肯尼亚交通优势度空间差异十分显著，以内罗毕、蒙巴萨和基苏木为主要交通节点的铁路沿线地区交通优势度水平明显高于其他地区；② 肯尼亚交通优势度空间分异格局总体上呈现出较强的非均衡性，交通网络连接度呈现出以内罗毕为核心，以铁路沿线为轴带呈圈层状向四周递减的空间分异格局，而交通对外通达度呈现出北部和西北部较低而南部和东南部较高的空间分异格局。③ 地形地貌、气候、水文、人口集聚、经济发展等是形成肯尼亚交通优势度空间分异的主要影响因素。对交通基础设施空间分布进行优化调整，积极引导经济空间合理布局，是推动肯尼亚经济健康持续发展的重要途经。  相似文献   

冻融作用对不同初始状态基坑稳定性的影响研究     

赵容舟  梁二雷  姚晓亮  余帆 《冰川冻土》2021,43(5):1480-1488

为研究季节冻土区冻融作用对基坑工程的影响,基于考虑冰-水相变的热传导理论、考虑黏聚力的修正剑桥模型和强度折减法,建立了适用于季节冻土区基坑稳定性分析的计算平台。在此基础上,结合具体的试验数据对不同初始状态的基坑算例进行计算,研究季节冻土区基坑冻融前后稳定性和位移的变化情况,并根据土体冻融前后的物理力学参数对上述变化规律作出分析。研究结果表明,冻融作用加剧季节冻土区基坑的局部变形,且土体的初始干重度对变形规律的影响较大,但基坑的整体安全系数并未受到冻融作用的显著影响。存在一个临界干重度γ_d0,基坑土体的初始干重度接近临界干重度时,围护桩水平位移在冻融前后的变化较小,随着土体初始干重度与临界干重度的差距增大,围护桩水平位移在冻融前后的变化量也随之增大。土体的初始干重度越小,基坑围护桩的竖向位移和坑底隆起位移在冻融前后的变化量越大,即土体初始干重度较小的基坑在经历冻融后,围护桩的竖向位移产生显著沉降,但坑底隆起情况有明显缓解。研究成果对季节冻土区基坑工程的设计和施工具有重要意义。  相似文献   

高分辨率遥感数据处理及其铀矿地质应用     

张杰林 《国外铀金地质》2010,(2):124-124

高光谱和高空间分辨率遥感技术在铀矿地质勘查中具有重要作用,遥感数据挖掘与知识发现、新方法研究则是各种铀成矿要素光谱信息和空间特征识别的关键技术手段。本文基于曲波变换技术,开发了卫星高光谱数据（Hyperion）和高空间分辨率（SPOT5）的影像融合方法,融合影像在数据噪声消除、信息增强与信息提取方面应用效果显著;利用离散小波变换技术,高精度提取了主要铀成矿要素的光谱参数,建立了典型四价和六价铀矿物的光谱识别谱系。另外,通过钻孔岩心和探槽工程的高光谱编录、地质编录和物探编录,建立了典型蚀变带的物谱关系模型,重点分析了赤铁矿化蚀变（Fe3＋）光谱特征与铀含量之间的相关关系。上述遥感数据处理新技术新方法在桃山地区铀矿地质勘查中取得了理想效果。  相似文献   

Space–time distribution of interplate moment release including slow earthquakes and the seismo-geodetic coupling in the Sanriku-oki region along the Japan trench     

I. Kawasaki  Y. Asai  Y. Tamura 《Tectonophysics》2001,330(3-4):267-283

Along the Japan trench where some Mw8 class interplate earthquakes occurred in the past century such as the 1896 Sanriku tsunami earthquake (M6.8, Mt8.6, 12×10²⁰ N m) and the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw8.2, 28×10²⁰ N m), the Pacific plate is subducting under northeast Japan at a rate of around 8 cm/year. The seismic coupling coefficient in this region has been estimated to be 20–40%. In the past decade, three ultra-slow earthquakes have occurred in the Sanriku-oki region (39°N–42°N): the 1989 Sanriku-oki (Mw7.4), the 1992 Sanriku-oki (Mw6.9), and the 1994 Sanriku-oki (Mw7.7) earthquakes. Integrating their interplate moments released both seismically and aseismically, we have the following conclusions. (1) The sum of the seismic moments of the three ultra-slow earthquakes was (4.8–6.6)×10²⁰ N m, which was 20–35% of the accumulated moment (18.6–23.0)×10²⁰ N m, in the region (39°N–40.6°N, 142°E–144°E) for the 21–26 years since the 1968 Mw8.2 Tokachi-oki earthquake. This is consistent with the previous estimates of the seismic coupling coefficient of 20–40%. On the other hand, the sum of the interplate moments including aseismic faulting is (11–16)×10²⁰ N m, leading to a “seismo-geodetic coupling coefficient” of 50–85%, which is an extension of the seismic coupling coefficient to include slow events. (2) The time constants showed a large range from 1 min (10² s) for the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake to 10–20 min (10³ s) for the 1896 Sanriku tsunami earthquake, to one day (10⁵ s) for the 1992 Sanriku-oki ultra-slow earthquake, to on the order of one year (10⁷ s) for the 1994 Sanriku-oki ultra-slow earthquakes. (3) Based on the space–time distribution, three “gaps of moment release,” (40.6°N–42°N, 142°E–144°E) 39°N–40°N, 142°E–143°E) and (39°N–40°N, 142°E–144°E), are identified, instead of the gaps of seismicity.  相似文献   

Seismic evidence for a mantle plume oceanwards of the Kamchatka–Aleutian trench junction     

A. Gorbatov  Y. Fukao  S. Widiyantoro †  E. Gordeev 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,146(2):282-288

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Cooling and inferred exhumation history of the Ryoke metamorphic belt in the Yanai district, south-west Japan: Constraints from Rb–Sr and fission-track ages of gneissose granitoid and numerical modeling     

Takamoto Okudaira  Yasutaka Hayasaka  Osamu Himeno  Koichiro Watanabe  Yasuhiro Sakurai  Yukiko Ohtomo 《Island Arc》2001,10(2):98-115

Abstract The Ryoke metamorphic belt in south-west Japan consists mainly of I-type granitoids and associated low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphic rocks. In the Yanai district, it has been divided into three structural units: northern, central and southern units. In this study, we measured the Rb–Sr whole-rock–mineral isochron ages and fission-track ages of the gneissose granodiorite in the central structural unit. Four Rb–Sr ages fall in a range of ca 89–87 Ma. The fission-track ages of zircon and apatite are 68.9 ± 2.6 Ma and 57.4 ± 2.5 Ma (1σ error), respectively. Combining the newly obtained ages with previously reported (Th–)U–Pb ages from the same unit, thermochronologic study revealed two distinctive cooling stages; 1) a rapid cooling (> 40°C/Myr) for a period (~7 Myr) soon after the peak metamorphism (~ 95 Ma) and 2) the subsequent slow cooling stage (~ 5°C/Myr) after ca 88 Ma. The first rapid cooling stage corresponds to thermal relaxation of the intruded granodiorite magma and its associated metamorphic rocks, and to the uplift by a displacement along low-angle faults which initiated soon after the intrusion of the magma. Uplift by the later stage deformation having formed large-scale upright folds resulted in progress of the exhumation during the first stage. The average exhumation velocity of the stage is ≥ 2 mm/yr. During the second stage, the rocks were not accompanied by ductile deformation and were exhumed with the rate of 0.1–0.2 mm/yr. The difference in the exhumation velocity between the first and second cooling stages resulted from the difference in the thickness of the crust and in the activity of ductile deformation between the early and later stages of the orogenesis.  相似文献   

1994年世界灾害地震综述   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵荣国 《国际地震动态》1995,(8):10-14

本文综合叙述了１９９４年世界地震灾害的概况和特征；不同国情的地震灾害特点；成灾主要原因：地震预测、预报和抗震减灾的一些问题。  相似文献   

罕见的“强烈震群”活动     

赵荣国 《国际地震动态》1995,(9):14-18

本文介绍了全世界范围内的“强烈震群”的地区分布、活动频率和强度等特征，并指出“强烈震群”主要分布在太平洋西半部的岛弧－海沟地带，这些“强烈震群”是依据近百年来的现代地震仪观测数据获得的。  相似文献   

松散堆积物中活断层的破裂位移形式及其对确定古地震破裂时间的意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

侯建军  梁海华  郑文涛  董文忠 《地球科学》1995,4(6)

活断层作用产生的地震破裂，曾使地表产生破裂变形，地面建筑物遭到严重破坏，但由于第四纪松散沉积物变形方式复杂，破裂形迹往往不清晰或不显示，使得在探糟剖面上很难发现这些破裂作用的上部形迹。通过研究不同松散沉积层中断层破裂位移的形式，从宏观、细观与微观相结合的角度，初步探讨了探槽剖面上确定古地震破裂时间的标志与方法。  相似文献