POC fluxes from euphotic zone estimated from ²³⁴Th deficiency in winter in the northwestern North Pacific Ocean   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

YANG Yongliang  HAN Xu  KUSAKABE Masashi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2004,23(1):135-148

1IntroductionThefluxesofcarbon,nutrients,andassoci-atedelementsinvolvedinthebiogeochemicalcyclesoutoftheeuphoticzoneareimportantinthestudyofglobalCO2 change.Someworkershaveproposedthatatthesteadystatethefluxofparticulateorganiccarbonoutoftheeuphoticzoneequalsthenewproduction(EppleyandPe-terson,1979;Eppley,1989).Generallytwometh-odscanbeemployedtoobtainthefluxdata.Oneistousesedimenttrapsintheupperocean(<200m)orfloatingsedimenttraps.Thoughthesedimenttraptechnologyhasshowntobeuse-fulfortimeser…  相似文献   

Vertical Nutrient Distributions in the Western North Pacific Ocean: Simple Model for Estimating Nutrient Upwelling, Export Flux and Consumption Rates     

Katsumi Hirose  Hitomi Kamiya 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(2):149-161

A one-dimensional, steady-state model has been developed to understand the factors controlling vertical distributions of nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate in the western North Pacific water columns. The model includes simple physics and some biogeochemical processes. Nutrients are supplied by upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters with a constant upwelling velocity and nutrient regeneration due to decomposition of sinking particulate matter; the latter is expressed by an exponential-type export flux. Nutrients are consumed in the water column due to uptake by marine organisms, represented by a first-order substrate kinetics. The consumption rate constant is given as an exponential function of depth. The model has been applied to a data set of WOCE (World Ocean Circulation Experiment) P9 one-time measurements observed in the western North Pacific. The calculated curves fit well to observed vertical nutrient profiles from 100 m depth to over 2,500 m depth at 35 stations from 19°N to 33°30′ N along 137°E with correlation factors of greater than 0.998. A modified model, including a correction term representing a depth-dependent upwelling velocity, can reproduce observed vertical nutrient profiles at 32 stations from 5°N to 18°30′ N along 137°E with correlation factors greater than 0.993. The results support the hypothesis that most of the vertical nutrient profiles in the western North Pacific are controlled by particle export flux, consumption rate, remineralization rate and upwelling velocity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Organic Matter Derived from a Seagrass Meadow: Origin, Properties, and Quality of Particles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Branko  Velimirov 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(2):143-173

Abstract. An investigation of the properties of particles found in wrack beds and suspended in the water body of a Posidonia oceanica system led to the following conclusion: except for the period of the leaf fall and at times of strong water movement (e. g. winter storms), the majority of the particles in the water show no similarity with seagrass particles. This is based on the comparison of C: N ratios and SEM inspection. Information on the magnitude of DOC fluxes in this system led to the formulation of the phase shift hypothesis from DOM to POM. Because wrack particles were shown to have relatively fast settling rates, it is expected that processes like adsorption onto inorganic particles, micellation and aggregate formation have more importance in regulating particle density in the water body than the resuspension of directly fractionated Posidonia debris. The implication of these findings are discussed and the importance of the Mediterranean seagrass P. oceanica as an energy source supporting secondary production in adjacent ecosystems is questioned.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in speciation of dissolved chromium in the surface Sargasso Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Douglas P. Connelly  Peter J. Statham  Anthony H. Knap 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(12):1975-1988

The concentrations of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were determined in the upper 500 m of the Sargasso Sea at different times of the year. Total Cr concentrations ranged between 2.5 and 4.5 nM, and the predominant species of Cr was the thermodynamically favoured Cr (VI). Cr (III) concentrations were greatest during periods of high biological activity, as indicated by strong correlations between the ratio of Cr (III):Cr (VI) and both bacterial biomass and primary productivity. Whilst the oxidation state varied substantially over the seasonal cycle, the upper water column inventory of Cr was relatively constant. The long residence time of Cr in the surface Sargasso Sea estimated with respect to atmospheric inputs (1410–2240 years) is indicative of the largely conservative behaviour of this element. Deep particle fluxes of Cr are similar or somewhat greater than atmospheric inputs, and this downward flux of Cr is well correlated with organic carbon fluxes from the upper Sargasso Sea. The long residence time coupled with the seasonal changes in oxidation state of Cr implies rapid seasonal recycling of Cr between redox states, with only slow removal via particles to the deep ocean at this site.  相似文献   

Biological Pump in Northwestern North Pacific   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Makio C. Honda 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(5):671-684

The northwestern North Pacific is considered to be one of the most productive areas in the global ocean. Although the marginal zones along the Japanese and Kuril islands, Kamchatka Peninsula, and Aleutian Islands are certainly productive, recent studies do not always show high primary production values in the western subarctic gyre (WSG). In addition, a recent analysis of the biological pump in the WSG showed that, in contrast to what was previously reported, the vertical change of the particulate organic carbon flux with depth is large. Nevertheless, the biological pump in the northwestern North Pacific may function to draw down the partial pressure of CO₂ in the surface water because the ratio of the organic carbon flux to inorganic carbon flux (C_org/C_inorg), the export flux, and the export ratio from the surface water are higher than those in other oceans. This article also introduces recent research on changes to the biological pump that might have been caused by global warming. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

黄海、东海上层海水磷循环的同位素示踪研究          下载免费PDF全文

张远辉  尹明端 《海洋学报》2007,29(1):49-57

采用超低本底液闪β计数的方法,测定了春季黄海、东海海水中溶解态、悬浮物、筛绢颗粒物和雨水中天然32P和33P的比活度.结果显示,上层海水各相33P,32P的比活度相当低,其中TDP的32P,33P比活度的浓度最高,悬浮物次之,筛绢颗粒物最低.海水各相中33P与32P活度比值从TDP到悬浮物、筛绢颗粒物逐渐增大,反映出食物链传递过程中磷的年龄逐渐增加.根据稳态模式的估算结果,海水各相中磷的停留时间具有明显的区域变化特征,其中近岸和内陆架溶解磷的停留时间比外陆架短,仅为3~4 d,意味着近岸和内陆架海区低浓度的磷也可能维持高生物生产力的运转.利用稳态模式还估算出浮游植物的碳同化通量为189~814 mg/(m2·d),浮游动物的碳摄食通量为10~161 mg/(m2·d).此外,通过比较雨水32P,33P的输入通量和海水32P,33P积存量,利用质量平衡方法估算出上层海水POC输出通量为102~972 mg/(m2·d).  相似文献   

出口对中国区域碳排放影响的空间效应测度——基于1997-2007年区域间投入产出表的实证分析     

唐志鹏  刘卫东  公丕萍 《地理学报》2014,69(10):1403-1413

基于投入产出分析理论,本文改进了测度出口引致区域碳排放直接、间接、溢出和反馈四种空间效应公式,并将测度经济发展的溢出和反馈理念扩展到出口对区域间碳排放双向影响的研究中。研究结果显示,1997-2007年全国实际出口引致8区域碳排放的直接效应均有所下降,除了北部沿海区域和西北区域,其他6个区域的间接效应也均有所下降。大部分沿海地区出口引致碳排放的溢出效应较高,北部和东部沿海区域由于与内地地区经济联系密切所受到的反馈效应也较高,但南部沿海区域由于加工贸易比重较高,所受到反馈效应相对少一些,京津区域由于城市职能定位经济辐射有限,所受到的反馈效应最低。内陆地区由于长期以来作为沿海地区的能源资源供应地以及对国内市场的依赖,出口引致碳排放的反馈效应普遍较高,其中西北和中部区域较为明显。注重区域间横向联合减排以及适宜性的区域减排政策有助于全国整体减排目标的实现。  相似文献   

Export of fine particulate organic carbon from redwood‐dominated catchments          下载免费PDF全文

Mary Ann Madej 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(11):1533-1541

Recently, researchers have recognized the significant role of small mountainous river systems in the transport of carbon from terrestrial environments to the ocean, and the scale of such studies have ranged from channel bed units to continents. In temperate zones, these mountain river systems commonly drain catchments that are largely forested. However, the magnitude of carbon export from rivers draining old‐growth redwood forests has not been evaluated to date. Old‐growth redwood stands support some of the largest quantities of biomass in the world, up to 350 000 Mg of stem biomass km^‐2 and soil organic carbon can reach 46 800 Mg km^‐2. In north coastal California, suspended sediment samples were collected at three gaging stations for two to four years on streams draining old‐growth redwood forests. Carbon content, determined through loss‐on‐ignition tests, was strongly correlated with turbidity, and continuous turbidity records from the gaging stations were used to estimate annual carbon exports of 1 · 6 to 4 · 2 Mg km^‐2 yr^‐1. These values, representing 13 to 33% of the suspended sediment load, are some of the highest percentages reported in the global literature. The fraction of organic carbon as part of the suspended sediment load decreased with discharge, but reached an asymptote of 5 to 10% at flows 10 to 20 times the mean annual flows. Although larger rivers in this region exhibit high sediment yields (up to 3600 Mg km^‐2 yr^‐1), mainly attributed to high rates of uplift, mass movement, and timber harvest, the small pristine streams in this study have sediment yields of only 8 to 100 Mg km^‐2 yr^‐1. Because the current extent of old‐growth redwood stands is less than 5% of its pre‐European‐settlement distribution, the present organic carbon signature in suspended sediment loads in this region is likely different from that in the early 20th century. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

土地利用及其变化对松辽流域非点源污染影响研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王秀娟  刘瑞民  何孟常 《地理科学》2009,29(4)

结合RS和GIS技术,利用输出系数模犁对松辽流域20世纪80年代至2000年由土地利用/覆盖变化造成的非点源污染负荷进行模拟.结果表明,近15 a间,由土地利用造成的非点源污染负荷基本呈逐渐上升趋势,其中TN从80年代106.7×104t上升到1995年110.2×104t,2000年上升到约112.1×104t.TP从80年代3.4×104t上升到1995年3.5×104t,2000年继续上升至3.6×104t.就省份而言,黑龙江省一直是TN、TP负荷总量最高的地区,多年平均贡献率分别为37.%和38.8%.而吉林和东辽河水系则是负荷强度最高的地区,今后应重点加强该地区治理.  相似文献   

Spatial variability in organic material sinking export in the Hudson Bay system,Canada, during fall   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Amandine Lapoussière  Christine Michel  Michel Gosselin  Michel Poulin 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

Spatial variations in the sinking export of organic material were assessed within the Hudson Bay system (i.e., Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait and Foxe Basin) during the second oceanographic expedition of ArcticNet, on board the CCGS Amundsen in early fall 2005. Sinking fluxes of particulate organic material were measured using short-term free-drifting particle interceptor traps deployed at 50, 100 and 150 m for 8–20 h at eight stations. Measurements of chlorophyll a (chl a), pheopigments (pheo), particulate organic carbon (POC), biogenic silica (BioSi), protists, fecal pellets and bacteria were performed on the collected material. In parallel, sea surface salinity and temperature were determined at 121 stations in the Hudson Bay system. Three hydrographic regions presenting different sedimentation patterns were identified based on average surface salinity and temperature. Hudson Strait was characterized by a marine signature, with high salinity (average=32.3) and low temperature (average=2.1 °C). Eastern Hudson Bay was strongly influenced by river runoff and showed the lowest average salinity (26.6) and highest average temperature (7.6 °C) of the three regions. Western Hudson Bay showed intermediate salinity (average=29.4) and temperature (average=4.4 °C). Sinking fluxes of total pigments (chl a+pheo: 3.37 mg m⁻² d⁻¹), diatom-associated carbon (19.8 mg m⁻² d⁻¹) and BioSi (50.2 mg m⁻² d⁻¹) at 50 m were highest in Hudson Strait. Eastern Hudson Bay showed higher sinking fluxes of total pigments (0.52 mg m⁻² d⁻¹), diatom-associated carbon (3.29 mg m⁻² d⁻¹) and BioSi (36.6 mg m⁻² d⁻¹) compared to western Hudson Bay (0.19, 0.05 and 7.76 mg m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively). POC sinking fluxes at 50 m were low and relatively uniform throughout the Hudson Bay system (50.0–76.8 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹), but spatial variations in the composition of the sinking organic material were observed. A large part (37–78%) of the total sinking POC was unidentifiable by microscopic observation and was qualified as amorphous detritus. Considering only the identifiable material, the major contributors to the POC sinking flux were intact protist cells in Hudson Strait (28%), fecal pellets in eastern Hudson Bay (52%) and bacteria in western Hudson Bay (17%). A significant depth-related attenuation of the POC sinking fluxes (average loss between 50 and 150 m=32%) and a significant increase in the BioSi:POC ratio (average increase between 50 and 150 m=76%) were observed in Hudson Strait and eastern Hudson Bay. For all other sinking fluxes and composition ratios, we found no statistically significant difference with depth. These results show that during fall, the sinking export of total POC from the euphotic zone remained fairly constant throughout the Hudson Bay system, whereas other components of the organic sinking material (e.g., chl a, BioSi, fecal pellets, protist cells) showed strong spatial variations.  相似文献