光照强度对水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)群体大小增长的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张艳晴  杨桂军  秦伯强  周健  许慧萍  王颖  吴雅丽 《湖泊科学》2014,26(4):559-566

大量微囊藻群体的形成和聚集是微囊藻水华形成的重要条件.光照强度是影响微囊藻生长的重要因素之一.为了了解光照强度对水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)群体大小增长的影响,以太湖微囊藻水华优势种之一的水华微囊藻作为研究对象,开展了不同光照强度对水华微囊藻群体大小增长的影响研究.共设置5个不同光强处理组,依次为G1:2000 lx;G2:4000 lx;G3:8000 lx;G4:16000 lx;G5:变化光照强度(模拟野外光强).实验期间,G1~G5组大于100细胞群体的平均大小分别为255、480、630、763和662 cells/群体.胞外多糖含量分析显示水华微囊藻形成的群体越大,胞外多糖含量越高.结果表明,低光照强度不利于太湖水华微囊藻群体大小的增长,而变化光照强度和高光照强度有利于水华微囊藻群体大小的增长.研究结果解释了太湖夏季野外变化光照强度和高光照强度有利于微囊藻水华形成的原因.  相似文献   

海蒿子多糖DEⅠ、DEⅡ组分的分离纯化及单糖组成分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵宇  李俊卿  张立新  陈悦  李志萍  陆懋荪  尹佩玉 《海洋科学》2006,30(9):6-8

海蒿子(SargassumconfusumAgardh)经热水抽提、乙醇沉淀、DEAE-SephadexA-25柱层析分离,得到多糖DEI、DEII,糖质量分数分别为52.40%,38.80%。经酸降解、薄层层析、气相色谱-质谱分析,证明其单糖组成均为岩藻糖、木糖、半乳糖、果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖。其中岩藻糖质量分数最高(DEI:39.3%;DEII:35.2%)。  相似文献   

海藻多糖植物空心胶囊体内生物利用度与生物等效性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李婷  吴佩  韩丽君  李敬  袁毅  马霖 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(6):875-878

采用三交叉、自身对照的方法,研究了3种药用空心胶囊的体内相对利用度,并评估了其生物等效性,以检验本实验室研发的海藻多糖空心胶囊替代动物明胶空心胶囊的可行性。实验选择了12名志愿者,以布洛芬为模型药物,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测志愿者体内的血药浓度变化,用DAS2.0计算主要药动学参数,并评价其生物利用度及生物等效性。结果显示,海藻多糖植物空心胶囊替代动物明胶空心胶囊并不影响人体内药物吸收;海藻多糖植物空心胶囊布洛芬胶囊剂与日本Qualicaps布洛芬胶囊剂(相对生物利用度94.9%)、明胶布洛芬胶囊剂(相对生物利用度97.5%)均具有生物等效性。  相似文献   

南冲绳海槽深海沉积物中度嗜盐菌系统进化及多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王静  党宏月  杨官品  宋林生 《海洋科学》2009,33(5):17-22

从南冲绳海槽MD05-2907站位的深海沉积物中分离到40株属于盐单胞菌科(Halomonadaceae)的中度嗜盐菌.耐盐度实验表明有12株最适生长盐度为30,19株为60,9株为100,多数菌在盐度高于150时生长速度迅速下降.有8株菌能产至少一种胞外蛋白酶.  相似文献   

基于FT-IR、GC及核磁共振的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)消化道多糖结构解析研究     

苏倡  刘艳  蒋鑫  苏秀榕 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(4):886-893

仿刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)因其高营养价值并富含多种生物活性成分,具有重要的经济价值。为了充分利用仿刺参加工下脚料,提高养殖经济效益,本文采用复合蛋白酶解法提取仿刺参消化道多糖,研究了酶解温度、时间、pH及加酶量对仿刺参消化道多糖得率的影响,并通过正交实验对仿刺参消化道多糖提取工艺进行优化,利用DEAE-sepharoseFastFlow层析柱对多糖进行纯化,通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、气相色谱(GC)及核磁共振(13C, 1H谱)对多糖的结构及组成进行分析。结果表明,复合蛋白酶在pH 7,加酶量1.2?104 U/g,温度60℃酶解6h;利用Sevage法脱蛋白提取得到的仿刺参消化道多糖纯度均一,效果最佳。通过FT-IR结果判断其为糖类化合物,含有β型葡萄毗喃糖苷键;利用气相色谱确定该多糖主要由鼠李糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖六种单糖组成,其摩尔比为1︰32.86︰14.56︰1.66︰0.78︰10.43,其中岩藻糖的含量最高;核磁共振综合分析结果进一步证实仿刺参消化道多糖含有β型毗喃已糖,且主要是以l, 4-糖苷键相连接。  相似文献   

PEF结合酶法提取方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus)多糖工艺条件     

陈文  王湘君  邵东旭  王玉杰  孙宏元  公维洁 《海洋科学》2018,42(7):54-63

为了优化提取方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus)多糖工艺实验条件,采用PEF酶法提取方格星虫多糖,依据料液比、浸提温度、酶底比、PEF电场强度、浸提时间、脉冲数对多糖提取率的影响,以响应曲面法优化方格星虫多糖提取的最优工艺条件,通过紫外可见分光光度计测定多糖吸光度进而计算提取率。结果表明:各因素对方格星虫多糖提取率的影响程度为:料液比电场强度提取温度提取时间;最优工艺条件为:料液比(g/mL) 1︰7,浸提温度50℃,酶底比为2.5%,电场强度30 kV/cm,脉冲数为12,浸提时间2 h;多糖最大提取率为6.45%。  相似文献   

氮磷比对微囊藻与栅藻磷赋存及分配的影响     

谭啸  石琳  段志鹏  曾庆飞  李聂贵  强娟 《湖泊科学》2022,34(5):1461-1470

太湖水体氮浓度及氮磷比的改变可能影响藻类对磷元素的赋存及分配,进而影响水体总磷浓度.为此,本研究选取常见蓝藻(群体微囊藻和单细胞微囊藻)和绿藻(斜生栅藻),设置低氮磷比(N:P=2)和高氮磷比(N:P=20)培养实验,分析藻体胞内磷(INT-P)和胞外磷(EPS-P)含量、形态及分布,探究氮磷比对藻体磷元素赋存及分配的影响.结果表明:低氮磷比组斜生栅藻和群体微囊藻的藻体磷(CTP,即INT-P与EPS-P之和)显著增加,分别为高氮磷比组的2.7和1.4倍.斜生栅藻和群体微囊藻EPS-P含量(约占CTP的80%)分别增加了3.1和0.48倍,而INT-P含量对氮磷比无明显响应.低氮磷比组的斜生栅藻和群体微囊藻EPS含量分别增加了51.7%和63.5%.此外,微囊藻的CTP与EPS-P主要以可交换态活性磷存在,而INT-P主要以铁铝结合态磷存在.本研究发现低氮磷比促进了藻类EPS分泌,导致EPS-P升高,显著增加了藻体颗粒态磷的含量.这或许是近年来太湖水体总磷波动的原因之一.  相似文献   

栽培条件下甘草的甘草酸及多糖含量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵莉  程争鸣  牟书勇  朱建雯  潘惠霞 《干旱区地理》2005,28(6):843-848

通过对3年生相同人工栽培条件下的不同种甘草及2种不同栽培措施的乌拉尔甘草为分析样本,采用高效液相色谱和苯酚-硫酸比色法对其甘草酸及多糖含量进行测定,分析比较甘草酸与甘草多糖含量之间的相互关系,并筛选出乌拉尔甘草的最优栽培措施。结果表明：甘草酸含量顺序为乌拉尔甘草〉胀果甘草〉黄甘草〉光果甘草;多糖含量以光果甘草3．76％为最高,其余3个种间含量相差不大。正交试验的方差分析表明：（1）对于播种3年生乌拉尔甘草,以甘草酸含量为评价指标,最优栽培措施为：灌溉量4500m^3／hm^2、二铵0kg／hm^2、种子（对照）、尿素0 kg/hm^2、播种量90kg/hm^2;若以甘草多糖含量为获取目标,最优栽培措施为：灌溉量1500m^3／hm^2、二铵300kg/hm^2、种子（包衣,尿素0．5％浸泡24h）、尿素300kg／hm^2、播种量90kg/hm^2。（2）对于移栽3年生乌拉尔甘草,以甘草酸含量为评价指标,最优栽培措施为：灌溉量1500m^3／hm^2、移栽苗（对照）处理、二铵0 kg／hm^2、尿素0kg/hm^2、株距5cm;若以甘草多糖含量为评价指标,最优栽培措施为灌溉量3000m^3／hm^2、移栽苗（对照）处理、二铵150kg／hm^2、尿素300kg／hm^2、株距10cm。  相似文献   

Microbially mediated carbonate precipitation in a hypersaline lake,Big Pond (Eleuthera,Bahamas)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CHRISTINA GLUNK  CHRISTOPHE DUPRAZ  OLIVIER BRAISSANT  KIMBERLEY L. GALLAGHER  ERIC P. VERRECCHIA  PIETER T. VISSCHER 《Sedimentology》2011,58(3):720-736

Microbial metabolism impacts the degree of carbonate saturation by changing the total alkalinity and calcium availability; this can result in the precipitation of carbonate minerals and thus the formation of microbialites. Here, the microbial metabolic activity, the characteristics and turnover of the extracellular polymeric substances and the physicochemical conditions in the water column and sediments of a hypersaline lake, Big Pond, Bahamas, were determined to identify the driving forces in microbialite formation. A conceptual model for organomineralization within the active part of the microbial mats that cover the lake sediments is presented. Geochemical modelling indicated an oversaturation with respect to carbonates (including calcite, aragonite and dolomite), but these minerals were never observed to precipitate at the mat–water interface. This failure is attributed to the capacity of the water column and upper layers of the microbial mat to bind calcium. A layer of high Mg‐calcite was present 4 to 6 mm below the surface of the mat, just beneath the horizons of maximum photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. This carbonate layer was associated with the zone of maximum sulphate reduction. It is postulated that extracellular polymeric substances and low molecular weight organic carbon produced at the surface (i.e. the cyanobacterial layer) of the mat bind calcium. Both aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic microbes consume extracellular polymeric substances (each process accounting for approximately half of the total consumption) and low molecular weight organic carbon, liberating calcium and producing inorganic carbon. The combination of these geochemical changes can increase the carbonate saturation index, which may result in carbonate precipitation. In conclusion, the formation and degradation of extracellular polymeric substances, as well as sulphate reduction, may play a pivotal role in the formation of microbialites both in marine and hypersaline environments.  相似文献   

Carbonate and silicate biomineralization in a hypersaline microbial mat (Mesaieed sabkha,Qatar): Roles of bacteria,extracellular polymeric substances and viruses     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(4):1213-1245

In a modern peritidal microbial mat from Qatar, both biomediated carbonates and Mg‐rich clay minerals (palygorskite) were identified. The mat, ca 5 cm thick, shows a clear lamination reflecting different microbial communities. The initial precipitates within the top millimetres of the mat are composed of Ca–Mg–Si–Al–S amorphous nanoparticles (few tens of nanometres) that replace the ultrastructure of extracellular polymeric substances. The extracellular polymeric substances are enriched in the same cations and act as a substrate for mineral nucleation. Successively, crystallites of palygorskite fibres associated with carbonate nanocrystals develop, commonly surrounding bacterial bodies. Micron‐sized crystals of low‐Mg calcite are the most common precipitates, together with subordinate aragonite, very high‐Mg calcite/dolomite and ankerite. Pyrite nanocrystals and framboids are present in the deeper layers of the mat. Calcite crystallites form conical structures, circular to triangular/hexagonal in cross‐section, evolving to crystals with rhombohedral terminations; some crystallite bundles develop into dumb‐bell and stellate forms. Spheroidal organo‐mineral structures are also common within the mat. Nanospheres, a few tens of nanometres in diameter, occur attached to coccoid bacteria and within their cells; these are interpreted as permineralized viruses and could be significant as nuclei for crystallite‐crystal precipitation. Microspheres, 1 to 10 μm in diameter, result from intracellular permineralization within bacteria or the mineralization of the bacteria themselves. Carbonates and clay minerals are commonly aggregated to form peloids, tens of microns in size, surrounded by residual organic matter. Magnesium silicate and carbonate precipitation are likely to have been driven by pH – saturation index – redox changes within the mat, related to microenvironmental chemical changes induced by the microbes – extracellular polymeric substances – viruses and their degradation.  相似文献