上海天文台2010年工作总结     

洪晓瑜 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2011,(0)

总结了2010年度中国科学院上海天文台在科研、国际合作交流、人才培养和引进、佘山科技园区建设、科研管理、精神文明建设等方面取得的成果。  相似文献   

Technical change in fisheries     

《Marine Policy》2013

Technical change in fisheries is an under-researched area in resource economics and management. This is surprising, because technical progress is the main driver of the development in fishing power and capacity. This article reviews the recent research and development in technology that have occurred in fisheries. New policy implications of introducing technical change into the standard bioeconomic model are illustrated. Bycatch saving technical change is critical to bycatch reduction and ecosystem based fisheries management, and optimal policies cost-effectively reduce bycatch, create incentives to induce bycatch saving technical change, and establish technology policy for research and development.  相似文献   

Optimizing Remote Sensing and GIS Tools for Mapping and Managing the Distribution of an Invasive Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) on South Molokai,Hawaii   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mimi D'iorio  Stacy D. Jupiter  Susan A. Cochran  Donald C. Potts 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):125-144

In 1902, the Florida red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., was introduced to the island of Molokai, Hawaii, and has since colonized nearly 25% of the south coast shoreline. By classifying three kinds of remote sensing imagery, we compared abilities to detect invasive mangrove distributions and to discriminate mangroves from surrounding terrestrial vegetation. Using three analytical techniques, we compared mangrove mapping accuracy for various sensor-technique combinations. ANOVA of accuracy assessments demonstrated significant differences among techniques, but no significant differences among the three sensors. We summarize advantages and disadvantages of each sensor and technique for mapping mangrove distributions in tropical coastal environments.  相似文献   

An economic valuation of the Namibian recreational shore-angling fishery     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):17-25

A roving creel survey of recreational shore-anglers in Namibia was used to determine catch and effort of line-fishing. A stratified sample of 240 anglers was surveyed to determine expenditures. Results showed that, between October 1996 and September 1997, some 8 800 anglers spent around 173 000 days angling and had direct expenditures of N$29.7 million. In all, 93% of angling took place in the West Coast Recreational Area. Some 44% of anglers were foreign visitors who contributed 55% of the expenditures. Value added to gross national income within the shore-angling fishery was N$14 million, equivalent to 3.6% of the value of the whole fisheries sector. The expenditures ultimately amounted (through a multiplier) to a gross national income of N$3 069 per angler, or N$27 million in aggregate. These amounts could be sustainable if policies to reduce fish mortality without affecting angler numbers are implemented.  相似文献   

Assessment and management of Cape horse mackerel Trachurus capensis off Namibia based on a fleet-disaggregated age-structured production model     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):525-541

The Cape horse mackerel stock off Namibia is assessed using a fleet-disaggregated age-structured production model including historical International Commission for the Southeast Atlantic Fisheries (ICSEAF) and current data. Data from acoustic biomass surveys, on commercial catch per unit effort and on commercial catch-at-age, were used to estimate current stock status over a range of model specifications. A management tool, the so-called management monitor graph, was introduced in order to track past management relative to stock status. Target, limit and precautionary reference points, decision rules and harvesting strategies, according to which the stock should be managed, are described and tested. The target reference point was set at maximum sustainable yield (MSY), the precautionary reference point at 80% of MSY and the limit reference point at 30% of MSY. Owing to some inconsistencies in the dataseries, evaluation of the current state of the resource is challenging, but estimates are that the resource is around the MSY level, somewhere between 250 000 and 300 000 t.  相似文献   

Optimisation of underwater visual census and controlled angling methods for monitoring subtidal temperate reef fish communities     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):277-287

Standardised sampling protocols for monitoring fish stocks are essential to assess changes in stock status and provide a means to evaluate the effectiveness of fisheries management measures, such as marine protected areas (MPAs). This study aimed to optimise two standard sampling methods, namely underwater visual census (UVC) and controlled angling, for assessing subtidal reef fish communities. In terms of efficiency, variability and bias, UVC transects were found to be superior to point counts. For controlled angling, an effort of two angler-hours per fishing station provided low catch variability, high catch per unit effort and a representative catch. Whereas UVC provided less variable estimates of relative density, controlled angling provided greater sampling efficiency. It is thus recommended that the two methods be used in conjunction. The optimal sampling protocols identified are suitable for rapid assessments or long-term monitoring of subtidal, temperate reef fish communities.  相似文献   

Macrophyte management: An integrated perspective     

I. M. Johnstone 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):599-614

A concept of aquatic macrophyte management that integrates the positive and negative aspects of vegetation in lakes and rivers is discussed. This integrated approach involves three factors: macrophyte control, macrophyte enhancement, and identification and resolution of the conflicts created by multiple use of a waterbody. The primary decision in macrophyte management programmes must be whether to optimise for single‐purpose or for multipurpose use of the waterbody. Both technical (macrophyte control and enhancement) and social (conflict resolution) procedures are required to solve problems associated with the macrophyte status of multipurpose waterbodies.  相似文献   

A voluntary reduction in the commercial catch of rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) in a New Zealand fishery     

Paul A. Breen  Daryl R. Sykes  Paul J. Starr  Susan Kim  Vivian Haist 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):511-523

We describe the development and application of a management procedure (decision rule) that resulted in a voluntary reduction in the commercial catch of spiny rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) in the lower east coast of North Island of New Zealand. The management procedure was developed from an accepted assessment of the CRA 4 (Wellington‐Hawke's Bay) fishery, which used an integrated length‐based assessment model fitted to commercial fishery catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) biomass indices, commercial length‐frequency data, and tag‐recapture data. The assessment model had been Bayesian, and used the joint posterior distribution of parameters to predict the effect of 384 alternative harvest control rules on the future size of the CRA 4 stock. The harvest control rules all used CPUE as their input, and generated annual changes in catch, which were then simulated by the population dynamics of the operating model. Uncertainty was added to evaluations through observation error, added to the simulated CPUE observations, and stochastic serial auto‐correlation variation in recruitment. We describe how this management procedure was used to effect a voluntary reduction in catch to address the problem of a rapidly declining population.  相似文献   

基于分水岭和多尺度分割方法的耕地信息提取     

张紫萍  程小凯  李景文 《地理空间信息》2012,(3):51-53

在探讨了分水岭和多尺度相结合的影像分割方法的基础上,研究了高分辨率影像耕地的信息分类以及分类精度评定;重点对影像分类精度进行了分析,在影像分类的过程中,分别采用基于像素的分类方法和基于对象的分类方法,实验结果表明基于对象的耕地分类方法精度远高于传统的分类方法。  相似文献   

基于GRACE卫星测量得到的中国及其周边地区陆地水量变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶叔华  苏晓莉  平劲松  黄倩 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(5):1580-1586

GRACE卫星成功开辟了空间大地测量对地观测的新途径。利用GRACE卫星得到的时变地球重力资料,分析估计了中国及其周边地区陆地水量的变化趋势,较为清晰地揭示了该地区季节性变化特征。进一步采用13点滑动平均的方法扣除了季节性变化,提取了4个特征区域(喜马拉雅南部,新疆与西藏及其周边的亚洲高山区域,中国华北、东北地区和中国南部地区)的陆地水量变化特征信息,这4个区域陆地水量的变化趋势分别为-12.7±0.7、-60.4±2.7、-12.5±0.5和6.6±0.9 km³/a。其中：喜马拉雅南部和亚洲高山区域陆地水量呈现明显的衰减趋势,与Matsuo和Heki模拟冰川质量损失源得到的结果较为一致;但近10年来亚洲高山区域西北部冰川加速融化趋势并不明显。中国华北、东北地区和南部地区水量变化比较复杂,具不稳定的变化趋势。  相似文献