铜同位素示踪覆盖区地表土壤的异常来源初探:以福建罗卜岭隐伏铜钼矿床为例     

江瑶  刘雪敏  李建亭  韩志轩  王燕燕 《现代地质》2022,36(2):624-633

地表微细粒土壤地球化学测量是国内研究较多的深穿透地球化学方法之一,判断地表异常与深部隐伏矿体的关系是未来该方法广泛应用的理论基础。以已知的隐伏矿床——紫金山罗卜岭铜钼矿床为研究对象,利用铜同位素示踪覆盖区地表土壤的异常来源。结果显示:(1)矿石单矿物的δ⁶⁵Cu变化范围较小(-0.04‰~0.56‰),指示较高的成矿温度(250~300 ℃);钻孔由深至浅,矿石的δ⁶⁵Cu值具有明显升高的趋势,符合斑岩型成矿系统早期至晚期铜同位素的变化特征,流体分馏是造成不同阶段形成的矿石铜同位素存在差异的主要原因。(2)背景区地表土壤铜含量的平均值(59.4 μg/g)显著低于异常区(131.0 μg/g)。背景区土壤δ⁶⁵Cu变化范围为-1.94‰~-0.82‰,平均值为-1.38‰;异常区土壤δ⁶⁵Cu变化范围为-5.01‰~1.05‰,平均值为-1.40‰,背景区和异常区铜同位素组成相差不大。(3)本次利用铜同位素组成判别地表介质铜异常来源的效果不理想,可能因为矿石本身的铜同位素组成存在差异,地表土壤本身的铜同位素信息覆盖了来自深部与隐伏铜矿体有关的信息,或从深部原生环境迁移至地表氧化环境的过程中,因氧化还原反应发生了铜同位素的分馏。  相似文献   

A generalization of extendedQ-mode factor analysis to data matrices with variable row sums     

J. E. Klovan 《Mathematical Geology》1981,13(3):217-224

The extended method of Q-mode factor analysis developed by Miesch for data matrices with constant row sums is generalized to data matrices with variable row sums. With the algorithm provided it is possible to compute factor scores in the metric of the original data and compute goodness-of-fit statistics and model geological systems unconstrained by constancy of row sums of data points.  相似文献   

Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic palaeomagnetism of Australia–II. Implications for geomagnetism and true polar wander     

Mart Idnurm 《Geophysical Journal International》1985,83(2):419-433

Summary. New palaeomagnetic results from Australia indicate that throughout the Cenozoic era the continent lay further south than suggested by hot-spot data. Moreover, while hot spots give a uniform rate of drift during most of the Cenozoic, the drift rate obtained from apparent polar wander varies considerably.
The discrepancies between the palaeomagnetic and hot-spot results are analysed by comparing the Australian data with those of Europe and the central Pacific. The analysis suggests that the discrepancies are due to: (1) departures of the Earth's magnetic field from the geocentric axial dipole model, and (2), either true polar wander or a non-axial inclined dipole component. It is found that since the mid-Tertiary the dominant non-dipole component has been a quadrupole, and that during this period both the quadrupolar field and the true polar displacement/non-axial dipole component decreased progressively. During the Quaternary, and also at the earliest Tertiary, the non-dipole components appear to have been moderate or small.
The comparison of data sets demonstrates that considerable errors may be incurred when Cenozoic, and presumably earlier, poles from one geographic region are used to derive those of another, widely separated, region. The results also imply that absolute plate velocities estimated from palaeomagnetic data can contain substantial errors, and that hot-spot data may need significant adjustments for true polar wander to yield correct palaeolatitudes.
Finally, the new early Tertiary pole for Australia is used in conjunction with updated early Tertiary poles from other lithospheric plates to reapply the McKenzie test for true polar wander. The results indicate a small true polar displacement since the beginning of the Tertiary. The amount and direction of the displacement, however, differ from those generally obtained from hot-spot data.  相似文献   

Principal components analysis of three-way tables     

Michael Edward Hohn 《Mathematical Geology》1979,11(6):611-626

A three-mode principal components method allows visualization of the structural or taxonomic relationships within three-way data tables. The fundamental model includes three sets of eigenvectors and a core matrix relating the principal components of each mode. Formal relationships between the method and the usual principal components formulation allow calculation of loadings and scores for each mode; taken with the core matrix, these provide a number of points of view in graphical analysis of three-mode data. The model compares favorably with alternative formulations in terms of simplicity of computation, generality, and symmetry of operation among the modes. An organic geochemical example illustrates the method.  相似文献   

Principal components analysis using the hypothetical closed array     

John C. Butler 《Mathematical Geology》1976,8(1):25-36

The application of R-mode principal components analysis to a set of closed chemical data is described using previously published chemical analyses of rocks from Gough Island. Different measures of similarity have been used and the results compared by calculating the correlation coefficients between each of the elements of the extracted eigenvectors and each of the original variables. These correlations provide a convenient measure of the contribution of each variable to each of the principal components. The choice of similarity measure (variance-covariance or correlation coefficient)should reflect the nature of the data and the view of the investigator as to which is the proper weighting of the variables—according to their sample variance or equally. If the data are appropriate for principal components analysis, then the Chayes and Kruskal concept of the hypothetical open and closed arrays and the expected closure correlations would seem to be useful in defining the structure to be expected in the absence of significant departures from randomness. If the data are not multivariate normally distributed, then it is possible that the principal components will not be independent. This may result in significant nonzero covariances between various pairs of principal components.  相似文献   

Size and shape variation in the planktonic foraminiferHeterohelix striata (late cretaceous, southern Scandinavia)     

Björn A. Malmgren 《Mathematical Geology》1976,8(2):165-182

The biserial planktonic foraminiferal species Heterohelix striata (Ehrenberg)has been analyzed by morphometric techniques from six sequential late Maestrichtian core samples from southern Sweden and one sample from the Daniaquarry of Denmark. The study is based on measurements of number of chambers, size of test (length, width, and thickness),marginal angle, and chamber sizes. In addition, prolocular and apertural sizes were analyzed in the Daniaquarry sample. The study includes analyses of the ontogenetic development of the tests, stratigraphic variation in size and shape, intrasample variability, and relationship between gross morphology of the test and prolocular and apertural dimensions.  相似文献   

In-channel surficial fine-grained sediment laminae. Part II: Chemical characteristics and implications for contaminant transport in fluvial systems     

M. Stone  I. G. Droppo 《水文研究》1994,8(2):113-124

Samples of surficial fine-grained laminae (SFGL) were collected in three south-western Ontario rivers. Each sediment sample was subjected to a sequential extraction procedure designed to partition particulate metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) into five operationally defined fractions: (1) exchangeable; (2) bound to carbonates; (3) bound to Fe-Mn oxides; (4) bound to organic matter; and (5) residual. Particulate phosphus was sequentially extracted from the sediment samples into three fractions: (1) non-apatite inorganic P; (2) apatite P; and (3) organic P. The major accumulate phases of trace metals in SFGL are carbonates, Fe-Mn oxides and organic matter. The content of NAIP in SFGL ranged from 17 to 38% of total particulate P. Compared with suspended and bed sediments, levels of P and trace metals in SFGL were lower at the study sites. A conceptual overview of physical, chemical and biological processes influencing formation of SFGL and the potential role of this fine-grained sediment for contaminant transport in fluvial systems is presented.  相似文献   

Multiple group principal component analysis     

Richard A. Reyment 《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(1):1-16

Common Principal Component Analysis is a generalization of standard principal components to several groups under the rigid mathematical assumption of equality of all latent vectors across groups (i.e., principal component directions), whereas the latent roots are allowed to vary between groups (differing inflations of dispersion ellipsoids). In practice, data that fulfill these strict requirements are relatively rare. Examples from palaeontology are used to illustrate the principles. Compositional data can be made to fit the Common Principal Component (CPC) model by the appropriate logratio covariance matrix.  相似文献   

An example of cluster analysis applied to a large geologic data set: Aerial radiometric data from Copper Mountain, Wyoming   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fredric L. Pirkle  Jo Ann Howell  George W. Wecksung  Benjamin S. Duran  Newton K. Stablein 《Mathematical Geology》1984,16(5):479-498

One objective of the aerial radiometric surveys flown as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program was to ascertain the spatial distribution of near-surface radioelement abundances on a regional scale. Some method for identifying groups of observations with similar -ray spectral signatures and radioelement concentration values was therefore required. It is shown in this paper that cluster analysis can identify such groups with or without a priori knowledge of the geology of an area. An approach that combines principal components analysis with convergentk-means cluster analysis is used to classify 6991 observations (each observation comprising three radiometric variables) from the Precambrian rocks of the Copper Mountain, Wyoming area. This method is compared with a convergentk-means analysis that utilizes available geologic knowledge. Both methods identify four clusters. Three of the clusters represent background values for the Precambrian rocks of the area, and the fourth represents outliers (anomalously high²¹⁴Bi). A segmentation of the data corresponding to geologic reality as interpreted by other methods has been achieved by perceptive quantitative analysis of aerial radiometric data. The techniques employed are composites of classical clustering methods designed to handle the special problems presented by large data sets.  相似文献   

关于"生态旅游"概念的探讨   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王家骏 《地理与地理信息科学》2002,18(1):103-106

该文选取国外44个生态旅游定义作为研究对象,通过确认关键词、对关键词进行聚类分析,将定义内容归纳为6大类11组分,进而构建生态旅游概念模型.在检验模型理论上的可靠性和实践上的适应性后,笔者依据模型提出生态旅游定义.  相似文献