“引江济太”水系有色溶解有机质的特征与来源   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈锡超  纪颖琳  胡青  黄清辉 《湖泊科学》2010,22(1):63-69

在"引江济太"水系的调查基础上,分析了有色溶解有机质(CDOM)的吸收光谱、荧光特性及其主要来源,探讨了CDOM与pH、DO、叶绿素a等水质指标的关系。结果表明:水体吸收系数a(355)与CDOM浓度呈显著正相关,均具有明显的空间差异,它们在河道出入湖口及开阔湖区较低,而在望虞河和太浦河中游较高,这显然与中游河道受纳了两岸污水有关,S值也表明望虞河受外源输入影响最大。通过三维荧光激发-发射矩阵(EEM)分析,发现了5种荧光团,包括2种类蛋白荧光团和3种类腐殖质荧光团,其中类蛋白荧光(特别是T峰)明显强于类腐殖质荧光。研究发现,水体DO浓度、pH值均随CDOM浓度呈指数函数递减。荧光指数(FI)明显偏向生物来源(约1.9),因此,"引江济太"水系CDOM以生物的本地生产为主,河道局部污染水体中的类腐殖质荧光可能来源于污水微生物对藻类产生的溶解有机质的转化,在局部河道中也有一定的外源输入。  相似文献   

巴西金刚石的宝石矿物学特征     

李雨璇  黄颖  刘迎新 《岩石矿物学杂志》2024,43(3):685-696

采用常规宝石学测试结合红外光谱、拉曼光谱以及Diamond View^TM测试,对巴西金刚石开展了常规宝石学、光谱学和荧光特征分析。结果显示,巴西金刚石表面微形貌特征丰富,可见多种形态的生长丘,三角、六边或不规则形态的溶蚀坑以及塑性变形滑移线等特征。巴西金刚石以ⅠaAB型为主(90%以上),N含量在400×10^-6~1700×10^-6范围内,B心转化率介于15%~66%之间,具有高N含量和低-中等N聚集程度的特点。拉曼光谱分析进一步揭示了样品内部均残余压应力或者结晶度较差。Diamond View^TM发光图像显示ⅠaAB型金刚石样品具有蓝色和黄绿色调荧光;ⅠaB型金刚石样品为带有绿色调的蓝色和不均匀的蓝色荧光;Ⅱa型金刚石样品表现为暗橙色和蓝色荧光。  相似文献   

基于地震动参数的城市建筑物震害模拟——以兰州市城关区为例          下载免费PDF全文

张灿  陈文凯  林旭川 《地震工程学报》2022,44(1):172-182

首先利用最短断层法烈度衰减模型分别模拟两次地震的地震动参数空间分布,并通过与实际地震的极震区对比,验证该模型模拟地震烈度的可靠性.然后,基于模拟的地震烈度空间分布和建筑物的结构类型、层高等信息,采用结构弹塑性时程分析方法对兰州市城关区建筑物进行三维震害模拟.研究结果表明:最短断层法是一个模拟历史地震烈度空间分布较好的模...  相似文献   

Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Daniele Tonina  Charles H. Luce  Bruce Rieman  John M. Buffington  Peter Goodwin  Stephen R. Clayton  Shawkat Md. Alì  Jeffrey J. Barry  Charles Berenbrock 《水文研究》2008,22(17):3223-3235

The potential for forest harvest to increase snowmelt rates in maritime snow climates is well recognized. However, questions still exist about the magnitude of peak flow increases in basins larger than 10 km² and the geomorphic and biological consequences of these changes. In this study, we used observations from two nearly adjacent small basins (13 and 30 km²) in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, one with recent, relatively extensive, timber harvest, and the other with little disturbance in the last 50 years to explore changes in peak flows due to timber harvest and their potential effects on fish. Peak discharge was computed for a specific rain‐on‐snow event using a series of physical models that linked predicted values of snowmelt input to a runoff‐routing model. Predictions indicate that timber harvest caused a 25% increase in the peak flow of the modelled event and increased the frequency of events of this magnitude from a 9‐year recurrence interval to a 3·6‐year event. These changes in hydrologic regime, with larger discharges at shorter recurrence intervals, are predicted to increase the depth and frequency of streambed scour, causing up to 15% added mortality of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) embryos. Mortality from increased scour, although not catastrophic, may have contributed to the extirpation of this species from the Coeur d'Alene basin, given the widespread timber harvest that occurred in this region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Linking runoff response to burn severity after a wildfire     

John A. Moody  Deborah A. Martin  Sandra L. Haire  David A. Kinner 《水文研究》2008,22(13):2063-2074

Extreme floods often follow wildfire in mountainous watersheds. However, a quantitative relation between the runoff response and burn severity at the watershed scale has not been established. Runoff response was measured as the runoff coefficient C, which is equal to the peak discharge per unit drainage area divided by the average maximum 30 min rainfall intensity during each rain storm. The magnitude of the burn severity was expressed as the change in the normalized burn ratio. A new burn severity variable, hydraulic functional connectivity Φ was developed and incorporates both the magnitude of the burn severity and the spatial sequence of the burn severity along hillslope flow paths. The runoff response and the burn severity were measured in seven subwatersheds (0·24 to 0·85 km²) in the upper part of Rendija Canyon burned by the 2000 Cerro Grande Fire near Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. A rainfall–discharge relation was determined for four of the subwatersheds with nearly the same burn severity. The peak discharge per unit drainage area was a linear function of the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity I₃₀. This function predicted a rainfall intensity threshold of 8·5 mm h^?1 below which no runoff was generated. The runoff coefficient was a linear function of the mean hydraulic functional connectivity of the subwatersheds. Moreover, the variability of the mean hydraulic functional connectivity was related to the variability of the mean runoff coefficient, and this relation provides physical insight into why the runoff response from the same subwatershed can vary for different rainstorms with the same rainfall intensity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地铁车站的强地震反应分析及设计地震动参数研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李彬  刘晶波  刘祥庆 《地震工程与工程振动》2008,28(1):17-23

进行了地铁地下车站的地震反应分析,探讨了地铁车站地震反应的主要影响因素,介绍了地面与基岩间峰值相对位移的确定及其在地下结构抗震设计中的应用,初步研究了地铁车站埋深对结构地震反应的影响。分析结果表明,地震引起的地基变形是影响地下结构动力反应的决定性因素,结构峰值变形反应与自由场峰值变形反应之间近似存在简单的线性关系;相对于设计基本地震加速度,地面与基岩间峰值相对位移(PGRD)对于地下结构抗震分析及设计是一种更为合理的设计地震动参数。  相似文献   

Geometric effects resulting from the asymmetry of dipping fault: Hanging wall/ footwall effects     

王栋  谢礼立  胡进军 《地震学报(英文版)》2008,21(3):275-282

Root-mean-square distance Drms with characteristic of weighted-average is introduced in this article firstly. Drms can be used to capture the general proximity of a site to a dipping fault plane comparing with the rupture distance Drup and the seismogenic distance Dseis. Then, using Drup, Dseis and Drms, the hanging wall/footwall effects on the peak ground acceleration (PGA) during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake are evaluated by regression analysis. The logarithm residual shows that the PGA on hanging wall is much greater than that on footwall at the same Drup or Dseis when the Drup or Dseis is used as site-to-source distance measure. In contrast, there is no significant difference between the PGA on hanging wall and that on footwall at the same Drms when Drms is used. This result confirms that the hanging wall/footwall effect is mainly a geometric effect caused by the asymmetry of dipping fault. Therefore, the hanging wall/footwall effect on the near-fault ground motions can be ignored in the future attenuation analysis if the root-mean-square distance Drms is used as the site-to-source distance measure.  相似文献   

Application of ultraviolet fluorometry and excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMS) to fingerprint oil and chemically dispersed oil in seawater   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Bugden JB  Yeung CW  Kepkay PE  Lee K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(4):677-685

Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMS) was used to characterize the ultra violet fluorescence fingerprints of eight crude oils (with a 14,470-fold range of dynamic viscosity) in seawater. When the chemical dispersant Corexit 9500 was mixed with the oils prior to their dispersion in seawater, the fingerprints of each oil changed primarily as an increase in fluorescence over an emission band centered on 445 nm. In order to simplify the wealth of information available in the excitation-emission matrix spectra (EEMs), two ratios were calculated. A 66-90% decrease in the slope ratio was observed with the addition of Corexit. When the slope ratios were reduced in complexity to intensity ratios, similar trends were apparent. As a result either of the ratios could be used as a simple and rapid means of identifying and monitoring chemically dispersed oil in the open ocean.  相似文献   

Direct use of PGV for estimating peak nonlinear oscillator displacements     

Sinan Akkar  Bilge Küçükdoğan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(12):1411-1433

A predictive model is presented for estimating the peak inelastic oscillator displacements (S_d,ie) from peak ground velocity (PGV). The proposed model accounts for the variation of S_d,ie for bilinear hysteretic behavior under constant ductility (µ) and normalized lateral strength ratio (R) associated with postyield stiffness ratios of α=0 and 5%. The regression coefficients are based on a ground‐motion database that contains dense‐to‐stiff soil site recordings at distances of up to 30 km from the causative fault. The moment magnitude ( M ) range of the database is 5.2? M ?7.6 and the ground motions do not exhibit pulse‐dominant signals. Confined to the limitations imposed by the ground‐motion database, the model can estimate S_d,ie by employing the PGV predictions obtained from the attenuation relationships (ground‐motion prediction equations). In this way, the influence of important seismological parameters can be incorporated to the variation of S_d,ie in a fairly rationale manner. This feature of the predictive model advocates its implementation in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis that employs scalar ground‐motion intensity indices. Various case studies are presented to show the consistent estimations of S_d,ie by the proposed model. The error propagation in the S_d,ie estimations is also discussed when the proposed model is associated with attenuation relationships. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

流体包裹体爆裂法测温技术可靠性讨论——以江西大吉山钨矿为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐文刚  张德会  席斌斌  张文淮  施娘华 《现代地质》2008,22(5):757-765

爆裂法是一种经济快速的流体包裹体测温技术,由于该技术的影响因素较多且测试精度往往不是很高,历来受到很多学者的质疑。为了讨论爆裂法测温技术的可靠性,在前人研究的基础上,利用冷热台对大吉山钨矿含矿石英脉中的包裹体爆裂温度进行了显微测温,分析了包裹体个体大小对爆裂温度的影响,发现两者之间存在着明显的反相关性;同时,对数据的进一步分析发现爆裂法测温曲线反映的爆裂峰是2期3类包裹体爆裂叠加的结果,但是实验测得的爆裂温度区间与爆裂法测温结果基本上是吻合的,这说明爆裂法测温技术虽然有较多的影响因素,但是在一定程度上是可靠的,尤其是在找矿勘探方面其潜力很大,值得推广应用。  相似文献