大管岛礁区潮下带大型底栖海藻群落的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾晓起 《海洋湖沼通报》1997,(3):52-58

1990年5月和11月对大管岛礁区潮下带大型底栖海藻进行了两次定量调查。共采到23种大型海藻，其群落构成以红藻类占优。海藻种类的区系温度性质属明显的温水性区系。5月份平均生物量为240．939／m2，11月份平均生物量为164．399／m2。两季度月都以岛西侧的D7断面平均生物量最高，分别为820．159／m2和472．509／m2。就垂直分布而言，1—2米水层内海藻分布密度最高，达527．549／m2。优势种为海蒿子和石花菜。  相似文献   

Does the invasive plant Elymus athericus modify fish diet in tidal salt marshes?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Laffaille  J. Ptillon  E. Parlier  L. Valry  F. Ysnel  A. Radureau  E. Feunteun  J.-C. Lefeuvre 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,65(4):739-746

The invasion of Mont-Saint-Michel Bay salt marshes (France) by a grass species (Elymus athericus) has led to important changes in vegetation cover, which is likely to modify the habitat for many invertebrates. Some of them constitute the main food items for several fish species, such as young sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus), that feed in salt marsh creeks during high tides. As a result, fish nursery functions of salt marshes could be modified by the E. athericus invasion. In order to test this hypothesis, gut contents of the two most abundant fish species (sea bass and sand goby) were compared before and after E. athericus invasion in the same salt marsh creek and using the same methodology. The accessibility and availability of the main food item, the semi-terrestrial amphipod Orchestia gammarella, were estimated and compared between invaded (dominated by E. athericus) and original areas (dominated by Atriplex portulacoides). Gut content analysis showed a significantly greater percentage of fish leaving with empty guts from E. athericus areas than from A. portulacoides areas. The sea bass diet composition study showed a major shift in the relative importance of the main food items: before E. athericus invasion, diets were dominated by the semi-terrestrial species O. gammarella, whereas after the E. athericus invasion they were dominated by a marine mysid Neomysis integer. The same trend was found for sand gobies, with a shift of the main food item from O. gammarella before invasion to the polychaete Hediste diversicolor after invasion. These trophic changes may be explained by the lower accessibility and availability of O. gammarella in invaded communities than in natural ones. The E. athericus invasion, observed throughout northern Europe, is thus likely to disturb trophic function of natural salt marshes for fish. This preliminary study of the E. athericus invasion is also an illustration that invasive species are an urgent problem in conservation biology.  相似文献   

几种饵料浮游动物脂肪酸组成分析及营养效果评价   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

林元烧  曹文清  郑爱榕  李文权  陈清花 《台湾海峡》2001,20(Z1):164-168

本文采用气相色谱分析法对海水鱼类育苗常用的4种饵料浮游动物的脂肪酸组成和含量进行了测定分析.结果表明卤虫无节幼虫、皱褶臂尾轮虫、蒙古裸腹溞和太平洋纺锤水蚤的粗脂肪含量分别占其体重的21.54％、9.70％、6.67％和4.66％.单不饱和脂肪酸的含量排序分别为蒙古裸腹溞＞纺锤水蚤＞轮虫＞卤虫；多不饱和脂肪酸含量则为卤虫＞裸腹溞＞轮虫＞纺锤水蚤.此外，太平洋纺锤水蚤尚含有C226(DHA)高不饱和脂肪酸，这在其它饵料生物中并未检出.卤虫无节幼虫和褶皱臂尾轮虫的脂肪酸组成中，油酸(C181)、亚油酸(C182)和亚麻酸(C183)占有较大比例，而二十碳以上的不饱和脂肪酸含量很低.文中讨论了脂肪酸组成和含量与营养效果的关系.  相似文献   

羊栖菜岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的提取纯化和化学组成研究     

徐杰  李八方  薛长湖  吕志华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(2):269-272

研究分析羊栖菜岩藻聚糖疏酸酯化学组成,为产品研制开发提供理论依据。采用稀酸提取和乙醇沉淀的方法得到羊栖菜岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗品,粗品通过Q-Sepharose F.F.阴离子交换树脂进行分级纯化,得到硫酸基含量不同的3个组分(F-1,F-2和F-3),并对这3个组分的总糖、硫酸基、糖醛酸、氨基糖的含量及中性单糖组成和得率等进行了全面的分析。结果表明,羊栖菜岩藻聚糖硫酸酯主要由岩藻糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖及少量的鼠李糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖组成。3个组分中F-3的硫酸基含量最高(40.2%)但得率太低(0.8%);F-1的总糖(68.4%)和糖醛酸(17.9%)含量最高;3者氨基糖的含量均很低(≤1.0%);F-1,F-2和F-3相对分子质量分别约为210 000,160 000和140 000,F-2和F-3的纯度较高。  相似文献   

Food habits of Dipturus chilensis (Pisces: Rajidae) off Patagonia, Argentina   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alonso  M. Koen; Crespo  E. A.; Garcia  N. A.; Pedraza  S. N.; Mariotti  P. A.; Vera  B. Beron; Mora  N. J. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(1):288-297

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Gradient responses of epilithic diatom communities in the Baltic Sea proper   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anna Ulanova  Pauli Snoeijs   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):661

Diatom communities and assemblages are widely used as indicators of ecological change in aquatic environments and for reconstructing palaeo-environments. Good calibration data sets, directly linking changes in diatom composition to environmental factors, are needed for building reliable gradient models with high indicative value. Such models have a broad applicability because most diatom species have cosmopolitan distributions. This paper presents community analyses of brackish-water diatoms living on submerged stones in four areas of the Baltic Sea proper along the Swedish coast. The communities on the stones were composed of epilithic, epiphytic, epipelic, epipsammic and occasionally some pelagic species. Altogether, 158 quantitative samples were taken at 41 sites between 23 April and 11 May, 1990, and the data set contained 300 diatom taxa belonging to 75 genera. Species data were analysed with principal components analysis (PCA) and environmental factors were fitted passively by multiple regression analysis on the ordination results. Differences in community composition could be explained by variation in salinity (which was correlated with N:P and Si:P ratios and the occurrence of macroalgae on the stones), nutrient concentrations and variation in exposure to wave action (which was correlated to the occurrence of soft bottoms around the stones, water temperature and the occurrence of sand grains and macroalgae on the stones). Separate analyses for small taxa (cell biovolume <1000 μm³), for large taxa (cell biovolume ≥1000 μm³) and for small and large diatom taxa together showed that diatoms of different size classes respond differently to environmental variation.  相似文献   

Seasonal dynamics of ciliated protozoa and their potential food in an eutrophic estuary (Bay of Biscay)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Iaki Urrutxurtu  Emma Orive  Alejandro de la Sota 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):1169-1182

Ciliate assemblages, together with phytoplankton and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) as their potential food, have been surveyed monthly along the salinity gradient of the Nervión River estuary from March 2000 to March 2002. A total of 135 taxa of ciliate have been identified corresponding to 20 orders. Scuticociliates, naked choreotrichs and oligotrichs were the most abundant groups, distributed throughout a broad range of salinity. In addition to these groups, which were the dominant taxa in the middle estuary, tintinnids were characteristic of the ciliate assemblages of the outer estuary whereas in the innermost part naked choreotrichs and oligotrichs decreased in number, being substituted by sessilids, hymenostomatids, peniculids and cyrtophorids. Total ciliate concentrations were among the highest reported in the literature for other estuaries and coastal waters, frequently reaching 10⁵ cells l⁻¹. Meanwhile, tintinnid concentrations were comparable with those of other estuarine and coastal waters. Based on a principal component analysis (PCA) three main groups were delineated, with ciliates and their potential food sources as variables. One was that constituted by freshwater ciliate such as sessilids, hymenostomatids, cyrtophorids and pleurostomatids, which appear in low numbers in the innermost part, mainly in winter. Another group contained diatoms, chlorophytes, flagellates, euplotids and scuticociliates, all of them broadly distributed along the estuary and reaching their maximum density in late spring–summer. The third group was made up of taxa mainly appearing at the seaward end such as dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, haptorids, tintinnids, naked choreotrichs and oligotrichs, which reached the highest densities in summer and early autumn. Ciliates do not seem to be food limited in the Nervión River estuary or much controlled by metazoan grazing.  相似文献   

Seasonal Changes in Nano/Micro-Zooplankton Herbivory and Heterotrophic Nano-Flagellates Bacterivory off Cape Esan, Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan     

Akiyoshi Shinada  Syuhei Ban  Tsutomu Ikeda 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(5):609-618

Seasonal changes in nano/micro-zooplankton grazing on pico-, nano- and micro-size phytoplankton and heterotrophic nano-flagellates (HNF) feeding on heterotrophic bacteria were quantified by the dilution technique in the surface layer off Cape Esan, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Pico- and nano-size phytoplankton were major components throughout the year except in spring when a diatom bloom was observed. Although there was little seasonal variation in bacteria and HNF biomass throughout the year, the micro-zooplankton biomass varied appreciably with a peak in spring. Nano/micro-zooplankton grazing or feeding on pico-size chl-a and bacteria were well balanced throughout the year. However, nano-size and micro-size chl-a growth were much greater than grazing in summer. Nano/micro-zooplankton ingestion of phytoplankton was greater than their ingestion of bacteria almost throughout the year, which suggests phytoplankton are more important as food sources of nano/micro-zooplankton in microbial food webs off Cape Esan than bacteria off Cape Esan. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Food consumption of the NE Atlantic minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) population estimated with a simulation model     

Markussen  Nina Hedlund; Ryg  Morten; Lydersen  Christian 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1992,49(3):317-323

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掺铝氧化锌厚膜制备及其对三甲胺和海产品鲜度的敏感性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

石蔼如  刘克强 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(5):549-552

用烧结法制备掺铝氧化锌厚膜，把氧化锌粉末分别同０％，１％，３％，５％的Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉末机械研磨混合均匀，在１１００℃下烧３ｈ，再同粘合剂，有机溶剂混合制成浆料，用刮刀法在氧化铝基片上浆料制成膜，在１００℃下烘干后再经１１００℃烧结２ｈ。膜的灵敏度的测量方法是将膜放在玻璃管内加热到测量温度，测量膜暴露在一定浓度ＴＭＡ气体或由牡蛎放出的气体时电阻值的变化。测量温度为２００，２５０，３００℃和４００℃，Ｔ  相似文献