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张希  张晓亮  王双绪  蒋锋云 《大地测量与地球动力学》2008,28(4):12-16

?????????嶫???2001??2004??2004??2007??GPS????????????????????λ???????о??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2004??2007???????嶫??????巴????????????μ???????????????????????????????????2001??2004??????????????????????С????Ρ??????????μ??????顢?????????2001??2004????????????????????????????????Ρ?????′??????????????????  相似文献   

复数矢量球函数的理论研究     

张捍卫  郑勇  刘长建 《大地测量与地球动力学》2000,20(2):1-7

给出了正交归一化的复数矢量球函数的定义和性质。复数矢量球面调和函数是球体位移的研究基础,采用复数矢量球面调和函数可把位移场的球形场和环形场一同表示出来,为地球各种动力学效应的统一研究提供了理论依据。同时还研究了在球坐标系下弹性应变张量与复数矢量球函数的一些关系,为地球弹性动力学方程的解算提供参考。  相似文献   

贝类麻痹性毒素的昆明小鼠测定法若干问题探讨   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

林燕棠  贾晓平  杨美兰  全桂英 《热带海洋学报》2001,20(2):88-91

探讨了昆明小鼠用于贝类麻痹性毒素测定的3个问题，（1）石房蛤素素（Saxitoxin简称STX）剂量明小鼠死亡时间为典型关系，其曲线方程为Y=7.1271X^-0.7497,(2)把死亡时间t变为时间的倒数1/t,STX的毒性，MU取对数为logMU ,再进行回归分析得斜率和截距分别为140和0.2,相关系数为0．97，直线回归方程Y＝140X－0．2，所得直线回归方程与AOAC方法中Sommer's表之STX－小鼠死亡时间直线回归方程Y＝145X－0．2比较相近。（3）通过系列实验，求得昆明小鼠一个鼠单位所代表的毒素剂量为0.189ugSTX.  相似文献   

Time‐dependent modelling for soils and its application in tunnelling     

A. Purwodihardjo  B. Cambou 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(1):49-71

Monitoring of the progressive convergence of a tunnel shows that deformations occurring in the soil surrounding a tunnel exhibit a strong evolution with time. This time‐dependent behaviour can be linked to three essential factors: the distance from the point of interest to the working face over time, the distance of unsupported tunnel to the working face and the viscous properties of the soil. The objective of this paper is to propose a constitutive model of the time‐dependent behaviour of soil which has been developed within the framework of elastoplasticity–viscoplasticity and critical state soil mechanics. The consideration of viscoplastic characteristic sets the current model apart from the CJS (Cambou, Jafari and Sidoroff) model as the basic elastoplastic model, and introduces an additional viscous mechanism. The evolution of the viscous yield surface is governed by a particular hardening called ‘viscous hardening’ with a bounding surface. The proposed constitutive model has been applied in the analysis of tunnelling. Two kinds of numerical calculations have been used in the analysis, axisymmetric analysis and plane strain analysis. Monitoring of the progressive convergence of a tunnel conducted in the railway tunnel of Tartaiguille (France), has been used to describe the calculation procedure proposed and the capability of the model. The finite difference software, fast Lagrangian analysis of continua (FLAC), has been used for the numerical simulation of the problems. The comparison of results shows that the observed deformations could have been reasonably predicted by using the constitutive model and calculation strategy proposed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An operator‐split ALE model for large deformation analysis of geomaterials     

Y. Di  J. Yang  T. Sato 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2007,31(12):1375-1399

Analysis of large deformation of geomaterials subjected to time‐varying load poses a very difficult problem for the geotechnical profession. Conventional finite element schemes using the updated Lagrangian formulation may suffer from serious numerical difficulties when the deformation of geomaterials is significantly large such that the discretized elements are severely distorted. In this paper, an operator‐split arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) finite element model is proposed for large deformation analysis of a soil mass subjected to either static or dynamic loading, where the soil is modelled as a saturated porous material with solid–fluid coupling and strong material non‐linearity. Each time step of the operator‐split ALE algorithm consists of a Lagrangian step and an Eulerian step. In the Lagrangian step, the equilibrium equation and continuity equation of the saturated soil are solved by the updated Lagrangian method. In the Eulerian step, mesh smoothing is performed for the deformed body and the state variables obtained in the updated Lagrangian step are then transferred to the new mesh system. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed ALE method are verified by comparison of its results with the results produced by an analytical solution for one‐dimensional finite elastic consolidation of a soil column and with the results from the small strain finite element analysis and the updated Lagrangian analysis. Its performance is further illustrated by simulation of a complex problem involving the transient response of an embankment subjected to earthquake loading. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analytical solutions of linear finite‐ and small‐strain one‐dimensional consolidation     

P. H. Morris 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(2):127-140

Analytical solutions are presented for linear finite‐strain one‐dimensional consolidation of initially unconsolidated soil layers with surcharge loading for both one‐ and two‐way drainage. These solutions complement earlier solutions for initially unconsolidated soil layers without surcharge and initially normally consolidated soil layers with surcharge. Small‐strain solutions for the consolidation of initially unconsolidated soil layers with surcharge loading are also presented, and the relationship between the earlier solutions for initially unconsolidated soil without surcharge and the corresponding small‐strain solutions, which was not addressed in the earlier work, is clarified. The new solutions for initially unconsolidated soil with surcharge loading can be applied to the analysis of low stress consolidation tests and to the partial validation of numerical solutions of non‐linear finite‐strain consolidation. They also clarify a formerly perplexing aspect of finite‐strain solution charts first noted in numerical solutions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

新疆托里齐Ⅱ金矿区岩石应变及体耗与矿脉关系初探     

王涛  宫同伦 《地球科学与环境学报》1989,(2)

在应变分析基础上,用本文提出的方法估算了岩石体耗,初步探讨了应变、体耗与矿脉的成因联系。认为矿脉主要是矿源层岩石在变形过程中,由压溶、压实作用产生体耗而排出的热液所形成的。  相似文献   

Interpretation of torsional shear results for nonlinear stress–strain relationship     

Z. X. Yang  X. S. Li  J. Yang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(10):1247-1266

Torsional tests are frequently used in material testing to determine shear stress–strain relationships. In the tests, torque is applied to a solid or hollow cylindrical specimen, whose twist angle is recorded as the response. While the raw test results are readily available in terms of torque–twist sets, converting them into intrinsic stress–strain relationships is not always straightforward, owing to the nonlinear stress–strain behavior and the non‐uniform radial distribution of the stress and strain fields. It follows that the approaches currently used to interpret torsional data are essentially empirical based. The present paper addresses this data interpretation issue from a more rigorous perspective. The paper includes two parts: the first part concerns hollow cylindrical specimens under torsion, where an analytical‐based recursive procedure is developed; and the second part deals with solid torsional specimens, for which an analytical solution given by Nadai is directly employed. Examples pertaining to these two cases are examined and the resulting shear stress–strain curves are compared with those based on a number of popular empirical methods. The proposed analytical approaches can serve as a benchmark for checking the accuracy and validity of those empirical propositions. It is worth noting that, for brittle materials exhibiting softening behavior, only the analytical method gives the correct interpretation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Conditions of contact metamorphism, Papoose Flat Pluton, eastern California, USA: implications for cooling and strain histories     

M. W. NYMAN  R. D. LAW  S. S. MORGAN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(5):627-643

Abstract Petrological study of highly strained carbonate and pelitic rocks within the contact aureole surrounding the western part of the Papoose Flat pluton yields thermal profiles (plots of metamorphic temperature versus distance) across the aureole that show temperature gradients which are relatively flat and narrow (<100m). The gradients occur close to the contact and indicate a slight decrease in temperature from 500–550°C at the pluton/wall rock contact to 450–500°C at the outer margin of the aureole. One thermal profile across low-strain metasedimentary rocks located in the southern part of the aureole shows that thermal effects from emplacement extend no further than 600 m from the contact. Coexistence of andalusite and cordierite in pelitic rocks of the aureole constrain pressures to <4 kbar. Thermal modelling using an analytical solution of the conductive heat flow equation for a rectangular-shaped pluton reproduces the observed thermal maxima and profile shape. Conductive rather than convective cooling also is supported by isotopic and field evidence for limited fluid flow along the strongly deformed margin of the pluton. Simple thermal models coupled with observed high-temperature deformation features and a measured 90% attenuation of stratigraphic units in the plastically deformed western part of the pluton's aureole indicate that strain rates may have been of the order of 10^-12s^-1. Evidence for episodic heating, such as two distinct generations of andalusite growth in pelites from the aureole, alternatively may indicate a longer heating event and, therefore, slower strain rates. Thermal models also indicate that parts of the pluton still may have been above the solidus during deformation of the pluton margin and aureole.  相似文献   

应变能-莫尔准则及其在岩石材料中的应用     

卢万年 《地球科学与环境学报》1993,(2)

本文应用应变能密度与三向应力圆的等价关系,分析修正了莫尔准则,提出用任意确定静水压力下不同洛德参数的极限莫尔圆包络曲线簇作准则线,即谓之为应变能-莫尔准则线,并引用岩土真三轴试验资料进行验证;最后还得出应变能-莫尔屈服条件,分析了屈服曲面和屈服轨迹的形状等。  相似文献