Isotopic and Elemental Imaging of Geological Materials by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Jon D. Woodhead  John Hellstrom  Janet M. Hergt  Alan Greig  Roland Maas 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2007,31(4):331-343

Laser ablation ICP-MS represents a promising new development for the acquisition of elemental and isotopic images from a variety of different materials. Compared to existing methods for imaging, it offers relatively rapid throughput, very wide dynamic range, a relatively clean mass spectrum, utility at a variety of scales (from μm to cm) and multi-element/isotopic capability. Although developing rapidly in the biological sciences, the method has not yet seen widespread application to geological materials. This contribution documents some preliminary experiments aimed at understanding the fundamental aspects of elemental and isotopic image acquisition using laser ablation ICP-MS. In particular, we note that ablation cell designs must be optimised to promote rapid system response, in contrast to the signal-smoothing that is often preferred for simple spot analyses. Furthermore, experimental parameters must be carefully evaluated on a system-by-system basis to avoid the blurring effects of re-sampling phenomena. With careful attention to these details, and development of appropriate data processing software, laser ablation ICP-MS imaging has much to offer workers in the Earth and environmental sciences.  相似文献   

Effect of brittle fracture on the rheological structure of the lithosphere and its application in the Ordos   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shao Xian Zang  Rong Qiang Wei  Jie Yuan Ning 《Tectonophysics》2007,429(3-4):267-285

An empirical formula for the fracture strength of the principal rock type in the lithosphere is obtained based on the experimental data from previous studies, in which the effects of the confining pressure, size of the rock sample, temperature, strain rate and the pore pressure are taken into account, the empirical formulae for the effects of them are also presented. By comparing the frictional strength to the fracture strength calculated using the new empirical formula, it is shown that frictional sliding is dominant in the upper crust but brittle fracture is dominant in the lower part of the crust and the lithosphere beneath the crust. Therefore the fracture mechanism must be taken into account in the study of the rheological structure of the lithosphere. The empirical formula for the fracture strength is applied to study the rheological structure of the lithosphere in the Ordos block. Brittle regime in the rheological structure can be divided into two sub-regions, in one of which brittle fracture and in the other frictional sliding are dominant, respectively, unlike previous conventional studies in which frictional sliding is assumed to be the only factor; the magnitude of the rheological strength of the lithosphere calculated by the empirical formula is also lower than that obtained in previous conventional studies.  相似文献   

3-D electromagnetic imaging of a Palaeozoic plate-tectonic boundary segment in SW Iberian Variscides (S Alentejo, Portugal)     

N. Vieira da Silva  A. Mateus  F.A. Monteiro Santos  E.P. Almeida  J. Pous 《Tectonophysics》2007,445(1-2):98

In SW Iberian Variscides, the boundary between the South Portuguese Zone (SPZ) and the Ossa Morena Zone (OMZ) corresponds to a major tectonic suture that includes the Beja Acebuches Ophiolite Complex (BAOC) and the Pulo do Lobo Antiform Terrane (PLAT). Three sub-parallel and approximately equidistant MT profiles were performed, covering a critical area of this Palaeozoic plate-tectonic boundary in Portugal; the profiles, running roughly along an NE–SW direction, are sub-perpendicular to the main Variscan tectonic features. Results of the three-dimensional (3-D) modelling of MT data allow to generate, for the first time, a 3-D electromagnetic imaging of the OMZ–SPZ boundary, which reveals different conductive and resistive domains that display morphological variations in depth and are intersected by two major sub-vertical corridors; these corridors coincide roughly with the NE–SW, Messejana strike–slip fault zone and with the WNW–ESE, Ferreira–Ficalho thrust fault zone. The distribution of the shallow resistive domains is consistent with the lithological and structural features observed and mapped, integrating the expected electrical features produced by igneous intrusions and metamorphic sequences of variable nature and age. The development in depth of these resistive domains suggests that: (1) a significant vertical displacement along an early tectonic structure, subsequently re-taken by the Messejana fault-zone in Late-Variscan times, has to be considered to explain differences in deepness of the base of the Precambrian–Cambrian metamorphic pile; (2) hidden, syn- to late-collision igneous bodies intrude the meta-sedimentary sequences of PLAT; (3) the roots of BAOC are inferred from 12 km depth onwards, forming a moderate resistive band located between two middle-crust conductive layers extended to the north (in OMZ) and to the south (in SPZ). These conductive layers overlap the Iberian Reflective Body (evidenced by the available seismic reflection data) and are interpreted as part of an important middle-crust décollement developed immediately above or coinciding with the top of a graphite-bearing granulitic basement.  相似文献   

混凝土动力本构模型的基础理论与建模应用综述     

杜荣强  林皋  冷飞 《世界地震工程》2007,23(2):5-11

混凝土结构分析问题中动力荷载下混凝土的动力本构模型研究日益重要。为对建立混凝土动力本构关系的基础理论有系统的认知和了解其应用,对其进行了总结,简述了在建立混凝土动本构方面的应用,对混凝土动力本构模型的理论发展趋势作了展望。并对当前混凝土动力本构模型的应用做了概括评述,并指出了混凝土动力本构的可行研究方向,为建立混凝土动力本构模型提供指导。  相似文献   

二维圆周综合孔径阵列优化及其毫米波成像特性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何云涛  江月松  陈海亭 《遥感学报》2007,11(1):33-38

运用模拟退火算法对由20-30根天线组成的二维圆周综合孔径阵列进行优化排列,得到优化排布结果。在此基础上依据综合孔径成像的基本原理,分析了毫米波的成像算法,在u-v域运用了栅格化处理（Gridding方法）和线性插值方法。运用该成像算法对已优化排布的阵列进行了仿真,并进一步讨论了天线数目、插值方法等因素对成像特性的影响。  相似文献   

Starspot distributions on XY UMa during 1997–2000 from eclipse mapping     

T.A. Lister  A. Collier Cameron  R.W. Hilditch 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,326(4):1489-1498

We present narrow-band red light curves and surface maps of the short-period RS CVn binary system XY UMa, obtained between 1997 January and 2000 March. The light-curve morphology of this system is known to vary on time-scales of a few days. We have used eclipse-mapping techniques to map the distribution of cool starspots on the surface of the primary star. The resulting maps show the continued evolution of spot features on time-scales of a few days to a week. By comparison with the images of Collier Cameron & Hilditch, we also find evidence for longer term trends, including a decline to an activity minimum during 1997 and a rise in activity during 1998–2000. We also find marginal evidence from the O–C ephemeris curves for a periodicity and a peak corresponding to the time of activity minimum.  相似文献   

CFH12K: Optimizing 12 MIT/LL CCID20 CCDs for a Direct Imaging Application     

J.-C. Cuillandre  B. Starr  S. Isani  G. Luppino 《Experimental Astronomy》2001,11(1):223-235

CFH12K is a 12 k by 8 k wide field imaging camera for the CFHT prime focus. The mosaic consists of twelve MIT Lincoln laboratories 2 k by 4 k thinned backside illuminated CCID20 devices. The devices’ operating parameters have been optimized to ensure the best data quality for use in broad and narrow band filter imaging mode. Adaptation to the CFHT prime focus environment included modifications to reduce the scattered light seen by the CFH12K. Science data taken by the camera has proven the success of CFHT’s new capability for 42 by 28 arcmin² imaging with high resolution subarcsecond seeing. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The Geological- Geophysical- Geochemical Exploration Model of the Nancha Type Gold Deposit in Tonghua Area, Jilin Province     

GUAN Jian 《世界地质(英文版)》2001,4(2)

The Laoling metallogenic belt is very important for precious and non - ferrous metal deposits in Jilin province, and the Nancha gold deposit found and explored in recent years in the metallogenic belt is the most representative one in the belt.The geological controls of the deposit, and the geophysical and geochemical ore searching indicators are summarized, and a synthetic exploration model, involving data from geology, geophysics and geochemistry and so on, is set up in the paper based on the study on the geological controls of the ores, on the measurement of geophysical properties of the ores and host rocks, on the observation of geophysical field around the mineralized district and on the research of the geochemical characteristics of the deposit. It is believed to be of significance to the exploration of the similar deposits in the metallogenic belt.  相似文献   

In-flight Performance of the Advanced Camera for Surveys CCDs     

Mark Clampin  Marco Sirianni  George F. Hartig  Holland C. Ford  Garth D. Illingworth  Bill Burmester  William Koldewynd  Andre R. Martel  Adam Riess  Ronald J. Schrein  Pamela C. Sullivan 《Experimental Astronomy》2002,14(2):107-115

The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), installed in the Hubble Space telescope in March 2002, will significantly extend HST's deep, survey imaging capabilities. ACS has met, or exceeded, all of its key performance specifications. In this paper we briefly review the in-flight performance of the instrument's CCD detectors and preview early ACS science observations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

深部矿产勘查的地震学方法：问题与前景——铜陵矿集区的应用实例   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

吕庆田史大年  赵金花严加永 徐明才 《地质通报》2005,24(3):211-218

深部资源是未来资源勘查的重要方向,地震技术在深部资源勘查中具有不可替代的优势。为试验该方法在探测深部“层控”矿床和浅表容矿构造方面的有效性,进一步完善金属矿地震勘查技术,在铜陵矿集区进行了反射地震和首波地震层析方法试验。结果显示,反射地震技术可以精确确定研究区的主要容矿层位石炭系黄龙组与泥盆系五通组接触面的空间分布,并能清晰反映地表5km深度内的大尺度结构、构造;首波地震层析技术可以揭示浅表岩体形态。试验结果表明,该技术对在中国东部“第二富集带”寻找深部“层控”矿床具有潜在的应用价值,预示着广阔的应用前景。  相似文献