冰层取心回转钻进模拟实验台的设计与测试          下载免费PDF全文

陈云望  曹品鲁  龙翔  陈宝义  杨成 《探矿工程》2016,43(5):31-36

极地钻探实践表明,冰盖底部冰岩交界附近地质情况异常复杂,不但可能存在暖冰、基底融水,甚至还存在厚度不等的冰岩夹层,取心钻探异常困难,而优选钻头类型、确定合理的钻进参数是保证其安全、快速钻进的重要因素。本文设计了一套能够模拟冰层回转钻进的实验台,其技术参数为：钻压、转速分别可在0～10 kN、0～300 r/min范围内调节,最大扭矩约100 N·m。该实验台能够测量钻头切削具温度、钻孔深度及钻进速度等参数,为深入研究钻头类型及结构参数、钻进参数对扭矩、钻速和切削温度的影响规律提供了手段。采用PDC复合片钻头进行了冰钻实验,结果表明,实验台能够准确调节钻压和转速,可满足实验要求。  相似文献   

Diversity patterns of free‐living marine nematodes in the southwest continental shelf off Bay of Bengal and their link to abiotic variables          下载免费PDF全文

Kapuli Gani Mohamed Thameemul Ansari  Somasundharanair Lyla  Syed Ajmal Khan  Punyasloke Bhadury 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):631-644

Marine sediments in continental shelf ecosystems harbor a rich biodiversity of benthic communities. In this study, the spatial and temporal diversity and community assemblages of free‐living marine nematodes were studied by sampling at six depths and over 3 years from the southwest continental shelf off Bay of Bengal, one of the least explored tropical shelf ecosystems. The dominant marine nematode species were related with abiotic variables as part of this study. The effects of sediment granulometry generally decreased with increasing depth and the highest nematode density and species diversity were recorded on coarse sand (shallower depths). Multivariate analysis of the nematode community data showed that community structure differed significantly among depths as well as among years. Statistical analyses showed significant correlations between the nematode community and abiotic variables. Sediment texture, organic matter, water pressure and depth profile were crucial factors for determining diversity, vertical profile and feeding types of the nematode community. Other environmental factors, including anthropogenic pressure, did not have an effect on nematode diversity except for the presence of some tolerant species (Metachromadora spp., Sabatieria spp. and Siplophorella sp.). This study represents a baseline of knowledge of free‐living marine nematode communities that can be used in the future to compare nematode assemblages from temperate shelf ecosystems.  相似文献   

“松科二井”用硬岩长寿命钻头的设计与应用     

李春  沈立娜 《探矿工程》2018,45(2):56-60

为提高“松科二井”在深井硬岩钻进中的寿命与效率,选用了高性能胎体材料、高强度焊接材料,并采用了合理的钻头结构与水路结构设计,研制的φ216/124 mm金刚石取心钻头在“松科二井”取得了良好的效果,本文介绍了适用于深井硬岩的金刚石钻头的设计及应用效果。  相似文献   

3500m岩心钻探装备在油气井勘查中的示范应用     

任启伟  刘凡柏  高鹏举  赵远  伍晓龙 《探矿工程》2018,45(10):57-61

3500 m岩心钻探装备（YDX—6型钻机）是我国自主研发的深部矿产资源勘查技术装备,采用N级口径钻深可达3500 m,其最大特点是采用长油缸钻进和起下钻。本文主要介绍了该钻机在油气井勘查中生产试验情况,同时对矿区地层、钻孔结构、钻进过程、钻进效果、遇到的主要问题及解决办法等进行了介绍。  相似文献   

桂北地区罗地1井钻探施工实践   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

秦毅 《探矿工程》2018,45(1):56-59,88

页岩具有较强的水敏性,在页岩气勘查钻进施工中,井内易发生坍塌、剥落造成超径或缩径等井壁失稳现象。罗地1井采用金刚石绳索取心工艺进行钻进,完井井深1501.06 m,岩心采取率、井斜等各项指标均符合地质设计要求。本文主要从罗地1井的钻井设备、井身结构、施工难点等方面进行总结,可为今后页岩气调查井的施工提供参考。  相似文献   

页岩气基础地质调查皖南地1井钻探施工技术     

刘文武  赵志涛  翁炜  朱迪斯  单文军  贺云超 《探矿工程》2018,45(10):66-70

皖南地1井是部署在安徽省南陵县烟墩镇的一口页岩气基础地质调查井。文章详细介绍了该井的钻探施工工艺技术以及遇到复杂问题的处理方法,并对钻效进行了分析,提出了实现优质高效钻探的措施。项目的顺利实施,梳理了皖南地区地层层序,为页岩气储层理论推测提供了有力的实物数据支撑和验证。  相似文献   

美国声波钻进规程ASTM D6914/D6914M—16浅析          下载免费PDF全文

韩萌  孙平贺  徐金鉴  曹函  隆威  张绍和  王旭 《探矿工程》2018,45(10):141-146

声波钻进技术具有速度快、岩心保真好、适用地层广等优点,广泛应用于工程勘察、环境调查、浅源地热、基础工程、矿山治理等领域。为了提高声波钻进施工质量和过程控制,美国材料与实验协会于2004年制定了第一部声波钻进规程D6914—04,后经多次修订完善,形成最新声波钻进规程D6914/D6914M—16。本文根据该版规程内容,从技术原理、钻进设备、成孔工艺等方面展开了阐述。当振动器与钻柱谐振频率重叠时,声波钻头受到的能量达到峰值。钻机和取心钻具是声波钻进的核心设备。成孔工艺主要以双管高频振动、低速回转为主,实现多种目的层的原位取心作业。标准相关内容对声波钻进技术在我国的持续推广具有参考意义。  相似文献   

Main technical innovations of Songke Well No.2 Drilling Project     

《China Geology》2018,1(2):187-201

Songke Well No.2, one of the main part of the scientific drilling project in Songliao Basin, which was drilled 7018 m and acquired the part of cores continuously from the Low Cretaceous to the Carboniferous and the Permian from the 2843 m deep, can be considered as the deepest continental drilling project in Asia. Aiming at the features of longer well sections, larger diameters and multiple spud-ins for coring of Songke Well No.2, this project broke through the “coring in small diameter and reaming in large diameter” spud-in drilling-completion procedures which are always used in large-diameter-well coring for continental scientific drilling projects in domestic and overseas and the drilling method of short-single-cylinder roundtrip footage. At the same time, “coring in the same diameter and completing drilling at one single diameter” was achieved at all φ311 mm and φ216 mm coring sections of more than one thousand meters long, high-efficient operation with “drilling long footage with drill tools combined in multi-cylinders” was achieved at deep coring section. Four world drilling records were created which include more than a thousand meters continuous coring at φ311 mm, and the footage per roundtrip footage at φ311 mm, φ216 mm and φ152 mm is all more than 30 m, all of these breakthroughs reduced at least 300 days for this project; moreover, considering the characteristics of formations that the geothermal gradient is high in the drilled sections and the inside-well temperature is over 240°C after drilling completion, a formate-polymer water-based mud system was developed by compounding attapulgite and sodium bentonite and by adding independently developed high-temperature stabilizer, which can provide critical technical support for successful well completion at 7018 m in the super-high-temperature environment It is the first time that the water-based mud is operated at the working temperature higher than 240°C in China; Besides, considering the high-quality requirement on cores imposed by the project, the method “mechanical cored is charge” to discharge core nondestructively on the ground was worked out, and more than 4000 m scatheless cores were discharged out of the drill pipes while maintaining original stratum structures.  相似文献   

河流景观生态学的发展与当前核心议题          下载免费PDF全文

薛兴华  钱华 《水科学进展》2018,29(6):887-897

河流景观生态学已成为河流科学研究与应用的新范式,但国内研究还颇为不足。从河流景观生态学发展的逻辑必然性、主要进程、基本内容与重要理论等方面进行了总结。结果显示,多尺度跨学科整体论河流认识要求和景观尺度上处理河流问题的实践需求共同推动河流景观生态学的迅速发展,其中心议题是河流物理景观系统与生物系统在不同等级尺度上的结构、格局与功能过程,尤其重视物理景观与不同等级生物系统的相互作用关系,对河流景观多尺度等级性、高动态性和有向性等突出性质的认识已取得重要理论发展。指出当前面临5个方面的核心议题亟需取得突破:改进和统一河流景观分类系统、河流景观跨尺度研究、河流景观方法对经典河流生态理论的再认识、河流景观机理与模拟、河流景观对气候变化与区域土地利用/覆被变化的响应研究。  相似文献   

Deformation patterns of upper Quaternary strata and their relation to active tectonics,Po Basin,Italy     

Alessandro Amorosi  Luigi Bruno  Bruno Campo  Bianca Costagli  Wan Hong  Vincenzo Picotti  Stefano Claudio Vaiani 《Sedimentology》2021,68(1):402-424

Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the ¹⁴C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide.  相似文献