黔东北伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱组的宏体藻类   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王约  王训练  黄禹铭 《地球科学》2007,32(6):828-844

宏体生物广泛地生活于扬子地区伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱期的海洋中,它们为后生动物的快速发展和演化奠定了一个崭新的环境和一个新生态链的基础.产自于黔东北伊迪卡拉系陡山沱组的瓮会生物群生活环境应在贫氧的、透光性良好的浅海低能环境,以宏体藻类为主,共描述15属18种(其中包括3个新属、5个新种、2个修定属和4个修定种)和1个未命名藻以及不明藻类固着器,另包含有宏体后生动物,可能的后生动物以及遗迹化石.瓮会生物群不但含有鄂西庙河生物群和皖南蓝田植物群的分子,也有南澳大利亚Ediacara生物群和俄罗斯WhiteSea生物群的分子,而且具有自已的特征而有别于其他伊迪卡拉期的生物群.其宏体藻类形态变化较大,组织器官和功能已出现明显的分化,并与高等植物之间存在一定的演化关系.宏体藻类多为直立固着于海底,提高了光合作用的效率,增加了水体中的含氧量.同时,宏体藻类作为生态系统中的初级生产者成为一种新的食物,改变了后生动物的食谱.因此,陡山沱期的宏体植物不仅改善了环境,为依赖一定氧而生活、生长和繁殖的后生动物给予了必要的支持,而且作为生态系统中的必要基础,为宏体后生动物的快速发展和演化提供了一个新的食物源.另外,宏体生物群的繁盛不仅提高了有机质的生产率,而且促进了富有机碳的沉积和保存.  相似文献   

Holocene cool‐water carbonate and terrigenous sediments from southern Spencer Gulf,South Australia     

M. K. Fuller  Y. Bone  V. A. Gostin  C. C. Von Der Borch 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):353-363

Holocene sediments from southern Spencer Gulf are cool‐water carbonate‐rich gravels and sands, dominated by molluscs and Bryozoa. Five sedimentary fades are recognized: (i) molluscan gravel; (ii) branching coralline‐algal gravel, associated with shallow partially protected environments; (iii) molluscan‐biyozoan sand; (iv) mixed bioclastic sand, representative of the deeper central region of the lower gulf; and (v) bryozoan gravel, an isolated fades developed in a semi‐protected micro‐environment. The southern gulf is characterized by complex oceanographic conditions together with variations in water depth and substrate. The sediments share the characteristics of both the southern shelf and upper Spencer Gulf. Grain‐size distribution and sedimentary facies are controlled by a combination of all the above processes. Past sea level fluctuations are recognized from sea floor strand‐line deposits. The relic component of the palimpsest sediments has eroded from the Pleistocene aeolianite dunes. The sediments, therefore, reflect both the modern marine and past environments.  相似文献   

Distribution coefficients of210Pb and210Po in laboratory and natural aquatic systems     

K. Wang  R. J. Cornett 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,9(2):179-188

We have measured the distribution coefficient (Kd) of²¹⁰Po and²¹⁰Pb in laboratory systems and in natural freshwater systems. In the laboratory systems, an inverse relationship was observed between the particle concentration of sand or lake sediment, and the distribution coefficients of²¹⁰Po and²¹⁰Pb. The slope of the log-linearK _d vs particle concentration relation is consistent with existingK _d-particle concentration theories. These laboratory observations are consistent with similar measurements in two lakes. TheK _d values of Po and Pb for the bottom sediment-pore water system with a high particle concentration were 10 to 100 times lower than those for dilute concentrations of particles suspended in the lake water. TheK _d of²¹⁰Pb in the sediments was >10⁴ so that the diffusive transport of²¹⁰Pb has only a small influence on the interpretation of²¹⁰Pb concentration-depth profiles and the²¹⁰Pb dating of these sediments.This is the second of a series of papers to be published by this journal following the 20^th anniversary of the first application of²¹⁰Pb dating of lake sediments. Dr P. G. Appleby is guest editing.  相似文献   

CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE RATIO F685/F735 IN BROWN ALGAE AND ITS VARIATION UNDER EXCITATION BY TWO TYPES OF LIGHT AND DEHYDRATION     

武宝玕  臧汝波 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,11(1):1-7

Calculation and comparative study of the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F685/F735 in brown algae (Laminaria japonica, Underia pinnatifida and Padina crassa) excited by blue and green light showed that the fluorescence ratios were higher when the algae were excited by blue light (440 nm), but reduced obviously under green light (540 nm) excitation. The values also reduced under dehydration but could recover during rehydration if the stress was not serious. The variation of the fluorescence ratio under dehydration was mainly because changes in fluorescence emission at 735 nm were always sharper than those at 685 nm. The ratio was sensitive to stress and has potential as a stress indicator in phycological research. Measurement of the fluorescence excitation spectra showed that the only peak at 540 hm changed apparently during dehydration. It meant that the function of the Chl a /Fucoxanthin protein complex for energy transfer was easily inhibited by water stress. However, no variation of the ratio was foun  相似文献   

菌藻对碳酸盐颗粒的泥晶化作用研究─以滇西保山地区下石炭统研究为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

韦龙明 《沉积学报》1995,(3)

碳酸盐颗粒泥晶化由真菌类和藻类的穿孔所引起，颗粒泥晶化可划分为四个阶段６种类型，泥晶套和泥晶铸型分别代表泥晶化的成长、成熟阶段。丰富的泥晶化颗粒为浅滩标志；泥晶化的深度与沉积速度成反比；泥晶化均匀程度与颗粒翻转次数成正比；颗粒泥晶化类型组合与风暴沉积有关；暴露环境出现溶蚀孔洞或负鲕。菌藻的泥晶化作用可加速海水及成岩压实作用对颗粒的破碎和细化并产生内碎屑和灰泥；鲕粒泥晶化后转变为辐射鲕和假鲕。  相似文献   

Direct effects of Daphnia-grazing, not infochemicals, mediate a shift towards large inedible colonies of the gelatinous green alga Sphaerocystis schroeteri     

Heike Kampe  Marie König-Rinke  Jürgen Benndorf 《Limnologica》2007,37(2):137-145

The influence of Daphnia galeata×hyalina grazing and of infochemicals released by the daphnids on the colony size and growth rate of the colonial gelatinous green alga Sphaerocystis schroeteri (Chlorococcales) was investigated in laboratory batch experiments run for 96 h. High zooplankton grazing pressure was exerted by a final concentration of 100 daphnids L⁻¹ in the Daphnia treatments. Infochemicals were obtained by filtration (0.2 μm) of water from D. galeata×hyalina cultures (200 ind. L⁻¹ exposed for 24 h). This filtrate was added to the S. schroeteri cultures in two concentrations corresponding to 7 and 50 daphnids L⁻¹, respectively. The growth rate of S. schroeteri was neither affected significantly by direct Daphnia grazing nor by the presence of Daphnia infochemicals, in comparison to the control. However, the portion of inedible S. schroeteri colonies (diameter>50 μm) increased under direct grazing pressure, whereas the Daphnia infochemicals did not influence the colony size significantly. We conclude that the shift in colony size by direct zooplankton grazing denotes an effective defence mechanism against size selective feeding for colonial gelatinous green algae. This effective defence in combination with unchanged growth rates of the larger colonies (under non-limiting nutrient and light conditions) falsifies the assumption of a trade-off between minimising grazing losses and maximising growth by optimising the colony size.  相似文献   

南极菲尔德斯半岛六种藻类和地衣植物的X荧光分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

沈显生  孙立广  张莉  尹雪斌  康士秀  吴自勤  巨新  黄宇营 《极地研究》2001,13(3):187-194

为了研究南极的植物与环境间的关系 ,探讨植物在南极环境监测中的作用 ,在无标样条件下 ,利用微束 X荧光分析法对南极菲尔德斯半岛的 6种藻类和地衣植物进行了元素分析。其中藻类植物有孔石莼 (Ulva pertusa)、海膜 (H alymenia sp.)和大型鞘丝藻 (Lyngbya major) ,地衣植物有筛石蕊 (Cladonia borealis)、喇叭石蕊 (C.fimbriata)和松萝 (Usnea sp.)。研究结果发现 ,不同的藻类植物对各种元素的吸收能力不同 ,在 XRF(X射线荧光 )谱中 ,孔石莼比海膜含有更多的元素 ,象 As、Br和 Rb,Cu和 Zn的含量也较高。在大型鞘丝藻中 ,K比 Ca少 ,Zn的含量较高。在 3种地衣植物中 ,其 XRF谱中的元素种类组成非常相似 ,只是 Mn、Fe、Cu和 Zn等元素的相对含量有些差异  相似文献   

利用贝类(Lamprotula)化石碳氧同位素再建山西丁村地区晚更新世气候环境   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李玉成  黄宝玉  徐永昌 《沉积学报》2001,19(4):648-651

较大的湖泊中的贝类生长线的氧同位素可能记录了季节性的温度变化。对拔氏丽蚌 (楔丽蚌 )Lamprotula(Cuneolamprotula)bazini (Heude)和环带丽蚌 (丽蚌 )Lamprotula (Lamprotula)zonata (Heude)的生长线进行氧同位素研究表明,前者有较强的适应环境变化的能力。δ18O值记录的襄汾地区晚更新世的古温度为 2 0～ 2 4℃至 30～34℃,古降雨量多出现代 2 0 0～ 2 6 7mm,河水排泄不畅,积水成湖。这些结果给人的启示是:全球变暖后,该地区气温可能有较大升幅 ;降雨量的增加有可能在排水不畅地区形成水灾,应注意防患于未然。  相似文献   

Free cupric ion concentrations and Cu complexation in selected Swiss lakes and rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hanbin Xue  Andrea Oestreich  David Kistler  Laura Sigg 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1996,58(1):69-87

[Cu²⁺] and Cu complexation parameters in some selected freshwater systems in Switzerland were determined by the technique of ligand-exchange and DPCSV. Results from the water columns of some eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes are presented and compared to small acid lakes. Cu is strongly complexed by organic ligands which with very high stability constants at low concentrations are probably biologically produced, as indicated by the seasonal variations in the eutrophic lakes and by the relationship between Cu complexation and algal activity in the eutrophic (pCu=15–16), oligotrophic (pCu=13–14) and acidic (pCu=9–10) lakes. The extent of Cu complexation in river waters was generally lower than in the eutrophic lakes, at similar DOC levels. No obvious correlation between Cu complexation and DOC was observed, indicating that Cu complexing ligands are specific organic compounds.  相似文献   

浑江末前寒武纪丝状藻类及其环境意义   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

高林志  乔秀夫 《地质论评》1992,38(2):140-148

本文初步探讨了吉林浑江晚前寒武纪丝状藻类与沉积环境的关系。这些丝状藻类产自晚前寒武纪不同层位,大多属蓝绿藻类。通过对丝状藻类整体面貌和个体丰度的分析,笔者将其划分为三类即:藻席型、孤立生存型和其间的过渡类型。根据对现代丝状藻类生态及环境的研究,采取比较古生物学的方法,具体讨论了浑江地区晚前寒武纪丝状藻类的指相意义。根据沉积学与事件地层记录分析的沉积环境模式与对丝状藻类环境分析的结果是一致的。  相似文献