Breeding in the freshwater crayfish paranephrops planifrons white   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

C. L. Hopkins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):51-58

The breeding cycle of female Paranephrops planifrons is described. The incubation of eggs and young takes place between April and December and covers about 25–26 weeks. The winter population contains some apparently adult females which do not breed. The number of eggs laid increases with the size of the parent, and in the population studied varied from some 20 to 30 eggs at 17 mm carapace length to 150 eggs at 30 mm carapace length. After hatching the young pass through two moults while still attached to the parent.  相似文献   

Limnology of Opal Lake     

D. J. Forsyth  A. L. MacKenzie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):279-283

Opal Lake, a cold, acid lake on the central volcanic plateau of the North Island, New Zealand, had an average pH of 4.3 and was highly eutrophic. The biota was less diverse than in neighbouring near‐neutral waters. Macrophytes were rare; phytoplankton were mainly represented by the Chlorophyceae, and there were only 4 zooplankton species. The mean standing crop of macroinvertebrates was 6240 per square metre; this was higher than in other eutrophic lakes in the region and comprised more than 98% chironomid larvae represented by 4 species. Molluscs were absent. The fauna was more diverse than in more acid lakes of the .central volcanic plateau.  相似文献   

The effect of membrane filtration on estimates of microbial ATP in New Zealand freshwaters     

R.D. Pridmore  C.W. Hickey  J. E. Hewitt 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):311-315

Concentrations of microbial ATP in 15 New Zealand lakes were determined using 2 extraction techniques. ATP was found in both the paniculate (>0.45 μm) and dissolved (<0.45 μm) fractions of the water samples. Higher concentrations of paniculate ATP were obtained when ATP was extracted directly from freshwater samples rather than following pre‐concentration on to membrane filters. Recovery of particulate ATP declined with increasing volumes of sample filtered. The magnitude of the filtration effect varied unpredictably between lakes and within lakes with time. Corrections for the presence of dissolved ATP were necessary before estimates of particulate ATP could be made by the direct extraction technique. Concentrations of dissolved ATP up to 1.2 μg L^‐1 were observed. The direct extraction technique is recommended for more accurate determination of particulate ATP in New Zealand freshwaters.  相似文献   

Fauna and standing crop of freshwater mussels in Poyang Lake, China     

熊六凤  欧阳珊  吴小平 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(1):124-135

Freshwater mussels are a major component of the zoobenthos and they therefore play an important role in freshwater ecosystems. The community composition and the standing crop of freshwater mussels in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China and one of two lakes connected to the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, were investigated from February 2008 to May 2009. Mussels were sampled in hydrologically and geographically distinct sampling areas. A total of 42 species and 13 genera were identified, of which 32 species were endemic to China. Two species, Unio douglasiae and Lamprotula caveata, dominated all sampling areas. The number of genera and species, and the number of species within each genus, differed significantly among sampling areas. Freshwater mussels were very abundant, with an overall density of 0.28 ± 0.22 ind./m2 and biomass of 4.08 ± 3.96 g/m2. Significant variation observed among sampling areas and among genera was probably due to the variety of habitats among the areas sampled and to the adaptability of different freshwater mussels to environments. This study suggests that Poyang Lake and other freshwater lakes in the region are important sites of freshwater mussel biodiversity and conservation.  相似文献   

外源氮输入对沼泽湿地小叶章枯落物性质及其早期分解的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘德燕  宋长春 《湿地科学》2008,6(2)

在三江平原沼泽湿地,选取典型湿地植物小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)为研究对象,对比研究了连续施氮[24g/(m2·a)]3a的小叶章立枯物(N24)与自然条件下形成的立枯物(CK)的差异;并采用分解袋法对此2种小叶章枯落物的早期分解过程进行了研究。结果表明,施氮处理下小叶章立枯物的氮、磷含量均高于CK,但碳含量显著降低(n=3,p<0.05)。施氮处理下形成的小叶章枯落物的分解速率明显大于CK,分解160d后两者的失重率分别为初始值的31.13%(N24)和28.50%(CK)。分解过程中,2种处理下枯落物有机碳的绝对含量都表现为净损失;其氮、磷浓度的变化趋势大致相同,分解160d后均发生了氮、磷的净释放,其中,N24的氮、磷净释放量分别是CK的64.91和2.11倍。外源氮输入影响下小叶章枯落物C/N和C/P值的降低,加快了该枯落物的分解速率,从而影响土壤有机质的累积和CO2的排放;而该枯落物分解过程中营养元素释放量的增大,还可能会影响土壤其它营养元素可利用性。  相似文献   

The history of water salinity in the Pearl River estuary,China, during the Late Quaternary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yongqiang Zong  Fengling Yu  Guangqing Huang  Jeremy M. Lloyd  Wyss W.‐S. Yim 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(10):1221-1233

This research reconstructed the Late Quaternary salinity history of the Pearl River estuary, China, from diatom records of four sedimentary cores. The reconstruction was produced through the application of a diatom–salinity transfer function developed based on 77 modern surface sediment samples collected across the estuary from shallow marine environment to deltaic distributaries. The statistical analysis indicates that the majority of sediment samples from the cores has good modern analogues, thus the reconstructions are reliable. The reconstructed salinity history shows the older estuarine sequence formed during the last interglacial was deposited under similar salinity conditions to the younger estuarine sequence, which was formed during the present interglacial. Further analysis into the younger estuarine sequence reveals the interplays between sea level, monsoon‐driven freshwater discharge, and deltaic shoreline movement, key factors that have influenced water salinity in the estuary. In particular, a core from the delta plain shows the effects of sea‐level change and deltaic progradation, while cores from the mouth region of the estuary reveal changes of monsoon‐driven freshwater discharge. This study demonstrates the advantages of quantitative salinity reconstructions to improve the quality of reconstruction and allow direct comparison with other quantitative records and the instrumentally observed values of salinity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Application of a rainfall-runoff model to three catchments in Iraq     

FAYEZ ABDULLA  LAITH AL-BADRANIH 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):13-25

Abstract

The capability of the Surface inFiltration Baseflow (SFB) conceptual rainfall-runoff model to simulate streamflow for three catchments selected from northern Iraq is investigated. These catchments differ in their climatic regimes and physical characteristics. Three versions of the model were tested: the original three-parameter model (SFB), the modified five-parameter model (SFB-5), and the modified six-parameter model (SFB-6). The available daily precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and runoff data were used in conjunction with a simulated annealing (SA) optimization technique to calibrate the various versions of the SFB model. A simple sensitivity analysis was then carried out to determine the relative importance of the model parameters. The study indicated that use of the original three parameter model was not adequate to simulate monthly streamflow in the selected catchments. The modified version (SFB-5) provided better runoff simulation than the original SFB model; overall a 19% increase was observed in the coefficient of determination (R²) between simulated and observed monthly runoff. The SFB-5 model performed with varying degrees of success among the catchments. The model performance in the validation stage was reasonable and comparable to that of the calibration stage. The sensitivity analysis of the SFB model for arid catchments revealed that the baseflow parameter (B) was the most sensitive one, while the S and F parameters were less sensitive than the B parameter.  相似文献   

中国各季节气候对热盐环流减弱的不同响应     

程军  刘征宇  张福颖  郭品文  杨洋 《南京气象学院学报》2011,34(6):653-661

使用CCSM3（community climate system model version 3）模式的＂淡水扰动试验＂结果,对热盐环流强度减弱后中国区域冬、夏气候的不同响应特征进行了研究。结果表明：CCSM3可较为准确地再现中国附近区域表面气温及降水量的量值和分布形态。当热盐环流年平均强度减弱约80%之后,中国区域冬、夏季的表面气温与降水量显著降低,但冬、夏季的降低幅度与空间分布形态存在显著的差异。冬季的降温幅度较大且分布较为一致,平均降温幅度可达2.2℃,最大的降温幅度可达4℃;夏季的降温幅度相对较小且南北差异较大,平均降温幅度为1.3℃,最大的降温幅度为3℃。冬、夏季降水量的降低幅度都在6%左右,但其成因及其分布形态都存在显著差异。  相似文献   

舟山海域淡水资源调查岩心钻探技术     

郑荣耀  卢秋平 《探矿工程》2013,40(5):26-30

舟山海域淡水资源调查项目DZS1孔,水深15 m、钻孔深度达202.1 m,在以粘土层和砂层为主的第四系覆盖层全孔取心、在风化基岩层取心2 m。在第四系覆盖层不下套管直接利用φ127 mm钻具进行绳索锤击取心钻探,基岩采用φ127 mm钻具作为套管、φ50 mm钻具单动双管回转取心钻探。介绍了该孔的主要施工工艺与质量控制方法,包括勘探船抛锚定位、潮汛对钻杆的影响、钻探取心过程控制、用取心钻头不取心扫孔技术、更换钻头技术、泥浆工艺等。  相似文献   

海岛淡水透镜体演变规律的室内模拟实验     

甄黎  周从直  束龙仓  曹英杰  耿海涛 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(1):81-85

淡水透镜体作为海岛主要的甚至是唯一的淡水资源,对其在天然和开采条件下的演变规律研究是海岛淡水资源利用和管理的首要任务。采用自制的室内物理模型,对海岛淡水透镜体的演变过程进行了模拟实验。模拟了降雨补给条件下淡水透镜体的形成过程;在无补给条件下,开采淡水时倒锥的变化过程。结果表明：当开采量达到3.73×10^-5m³/s时,倒锥进入抽水井,淡水透镜体被击穿。  相似文献