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31.
Empirical Garnet-Biotite-Plagioclase-Quartz (GBPQ) Geobarometry in Medium- to High-Grade Metapelites 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
On the basis of the net transfer reactions among garnet, biotite,plagioclase and quartz (for both Mg and Fe end-member models),the garnet–biotite–plagioclase–quartz (GBPQ)geobarometer was empirically calibrated under physical conditionsof P = 1·0–11·4 kbar and T = 515–878°C,based on the input garnet–biotite temperatures and garnet–aluminosilicate–plagioclase–quartz(GASP) pressures of 224 natural aluminosilicate-bearing metapeliticsamples collated from the literature. The calibrations are internallyconsistent with the asymmetric quaternary solid solution modelof garnet, the symmetric quaternary solid solution model ofbiotite, and the Al-avoidance ternary solid solution model ofplagioclase in calibrating the garnet–biotite geothermometerand the GASP geobarometer. The resulting two GBPQ barometerformulae reproduce the input GASP pressures well within ±1·0kbar (mostly within ±0·5 kbar). For both aluminosilicate-bearingand aluminosilicate-absent metapelites, the two GBPQ barometryformulae yielded identical pressures, whether the sample wasincluded or not included in calibrating the GBPQ barometry.The random error of the GBPQ barometry may be expected as ±1·2kbar. The dP/dT slopes of these two GBPQ formulae are closeto that of the GASP barometer in P–T space. Applicationsof the GBPQ barometry of aluminosilicate-absent metapelitesto the rocks within a thermal contact aureole, or rocks withina limited geographical area without post-metamorphic structuraldiscontinuity, show no obvious pressure change. It may be concludedthat the two GBPQ barometry formulae derived in this study maybe used as practical tools for metamorphic pelites under theconditions of 515–878°C and 1·0–11·4kbar, in the composition range of Xgros >3% in garnet, Xan>17% in plagioclase, and 相似文献
32.
Generation of pseudotachylite under granulite facies conditions, and its preservation during cooling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract Discontinuous ultramylonite zones cut Proterozoic granulite facies gneisses in MacRobertson Land, east Antarctica, and preserve evidence of ductile non-coaxial flow and reverse sense of shear. Cross-cutting relationships indicate that ultramylonite deformation involved overthrusting to the east, but progressively rotated to involve overthrusting to the north; rotation of the principal compressive stress axes is inferred. Extensive pseudotachylite developed during ultramylonitization, the history of individual ultramylonite zones having involved a single episode of pseudotachylite generation. Neoblastic sillimanite indicates ultramylonitization occurred at >520° C. On the basis of inferred recrystallized granulite facies mineral assemblages ultramylonitization occurred at >700° C, and ≤7.3 ± 0.5 kbar, at aH2O± 0.3 and low aCO2. Comparison of these values with those suggested by metamorphic assemblages in rocks unaffected by mylonitization indicates that the Rayner Complex experienced a late increase in pressure of 1–2 kbar during ultramylonitization. The P-T-aH2O conditions of the ultramylonite zones are inferred to have been close to the solidus for minimum melting, pseudotachylite generation having involved a limited pressure drop during brittle fracturing at high strain rates. Most of the pseudotachylite veins are undeformed; the mechanism(s) of fracturing and melting must have caused strain hardening in rocks surrounding the ultramylonite, further strain having been mostly accommodated by a new or subsidiary shear zone. Renewed stress at reduced strain rates, or renewed stress in zones in which the proportion of pseudotachylite was significantly higher, could have led to the rare occurrences of deformed pseudotachylite. The preservation of fine-grained pseudotachylite is dependent on it remaining dry. 相似文献
33.
A dacitic magma (64.5 wt.% SiO2), a mixture of phenocryst-rich rhyodacite and an aphyric mafic magma, was erupted during the recent 1991–1995 Mount Unzen eruptive cycle. The experimental and analytical results of this study reveal additional details about conditions in the premixing and postmixing magmas, and the nature of the mixing process. The preeruption rhyodacitic magma was at a temperature of 790±20°C according to Fe–Ti oxide phenocryst cores, and at a depth of 6 to 7 km (160 MPa) according to Al-in-hornblende geobarometry. The mafic magma that mixed with the rhyodacite is found as andesitic (54 to 62 wt.% SiO2) enclaves in the erupted magma and was essentially aphyric when intruded. Phase equilibria indicate that an aphyric andesite at 160 MPa is >1030°C (H2O-saturated) and possibly as high as 1130°C (2 wt.% H2O). The composition of the rhyodacite which was mixed with the andesite is estimated to lie between 67 and 69 wt.% SiO2. Using these compositions and temperatures, the temperature of the Unzen magma after mixing is estimated to be at least 850° to 870°C. The groundmass Fe–Ti oxide microphenocrysts and those in pargasite-bearing reaction zones around biotite phenocrysts both give 890±20°C temperatures; the oxide–oxide contacts give temperatures of 910±20°C. The 900±30°C postmixing temperatures are consistent with phase-equilibria experiments which show that the magma was not above 930°C at 160 MPa. Our Fe–Ti oxide reequilibration experiments suggest that the mixing of the two magmas began within a few weeks of the eruption, which is a shorter time than is calculated using available diffusion data. There is also evidence that some mixing took place much closer to the time of extrusion based on the presence of unrimmed biotite phenocrysts in the magma. 相似文献
34.
赣中变质岩带变质带的重新划分及变质作用P-T条件的确定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据随变质作用增强而出现的特征变质矿物及矿物组合,对赣中变质岩带重新划分出五个变质带,由低到高依次为绢云母一绿泥石带、黑云母带、铁铝榴石带、十字石带、夕线石带。在对各变质带变质矿物进行详细研究的基础上,采用石榴石-黑云母(Gt-Bi)、斜长石-角闪石(Pl-Hb)、石榴石-十字石(Gt-St)、石榴石-角闪石(Gt-Hb)、石榴石-斜长石-夕线石-石英(Gt-Pl-Sil-Q)、石榴石-斜长石-黑云母-白云母(Gt-Pl-Bi-Mu)等多种地质温压计确定了各变质带的形成温度、压力,绢云母-绿泥石带的形成温度为250-350℃,压力为0.25-0.35GPa;黑云母带的形成温度为350-450℃±,压力为0.25-0.40GPa±;铁铝榴石带的形成温度为450-550℃±,压力为0.40～0.60GPa±;十字石带的形成温度为550-600℃±,压力为0.50-0.60GPa±;夕线石带的形成温度为600-650℃±,压力为0.55-0.65GPa±,赣中变质岩带峰期变质作用已达到角闪岩相。 相似文献
35.
泥质变质岩系主要的矿物温度计与压力计 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
简要介绍泥质变质岩中常用的温度计和压力计,对其可适用性、适用范围、质量优劣等进行了评述。经过对这些温度计和压力计的比较研究,我们发现石榴石-黑云母温度计、石榴石-白云母温度计、石榴石-蓝晶石(夕线石、红柱石)-斜长石-石英(GASP)压力计、石榴石-黑云母-斜长石-石英(GBPQ)压力计、石榴石-白云母-斜长石-石英(GMPQ)压力计、石榴石-黑云母-白云母-蓝晶石(夕线石、红柱石)-石英(GBMAQ)压力计、石榴石-金红石-钛铁矿-斜长石-石英(GRIPS)压力计的准确度较高,可以为地质工作者所采用。二云母温度计、白云母-斜长石温度计准确度还有待大幅度改进。石榴石-金红石-蓝晶石(夕线石、红柱石)-钛铁矿-石英(GRAIL)压力计、石榴石-堇青石温度计和石榴石-堇青石-蓝晶石(夕线石、红柱石)-石英(GCAQ)压力计等温压计的准确度及其可适用性,还有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
36.
The equilibrium thermodynamics of the reaction:
And the equilibrium constant is composed of activities formulated using ideal mixing on sites. Consideration is given to the evaluation of uncertainties in pressures calculated using the geobarometer. Preliminary testing suggests that the geobarometer has considerable potential. Much wider testing is now required. 相似文献
And the equilibrium constant is composed of activities formulated using ideal mixing on sites. Consideration is given to the evaluation of uncertainties in pressures calculated using the geobarometer. Preliminary testing suggests that the geobarometer has considerable potential. Much wider testing is now required. 相似文献
37.
Calculated Phase Relations in High-Pressure Metapelites in the System NKFMASH (Na2O-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O) 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Using an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and updatedmodels of activity–composition relation for solid solutions,petrogenetic grids in the system NKFMASH (Na2O–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O)and the subsystems NKMASH and NKFASH have been calculated withthe software THERMOCALC 3.1 in the P–T range 5–36kbar and 400–810°C, involving garnet, chloritoid,biotite, carpholite, talc, chlorite, kyanite/sillimanite, staurolite,phengite, paragonite, albite, glaucophane, jadeite, with quartz/coesiteand H2O in excess. These grids, together with calculated AFMcompatibility diagrams and P–T pseudosections, are shownto be powerful tools for delineating the phase equilibria andP–T conditions of Na-bearing pelitic assemblages for avariety of bulk compositions from high-P terranes around theworld. These calculated equilibria are in good agreement withpetrological studies. Moreover, contours of the calculated phengiteSi isopleths in P–T pseudosections for different bulkcompositions confirm that phengite barometry is highly dependenton mineral assemblage. KEY WORDS: phase relations; HP metapelite; NKFMASH; THERMOCALC; phengite geobarometry 相似文献
38.
Precambrian granulites of the Aldan shield, eastern Siberia, USSR 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
L. L. PERCHUK L. Ya. ARANOVICH K. K. PODLESSKII I. V. LAVRANT'EVA V. Yu GERASIMOV V. V. FED'KIN V. I. KITSUL L. P. KARSAKOV N. V. BERDNIKOV 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1985,3(3):265-310
Abstract Precambrian granulites of the Aldan shield in southern Yakutia, USSR, form a massif of 200,000 km2 bounded by younger fold-belts to the south, west and east. The massif consists of several blocks that reflect a primary heterogeneity of composition and differences in structural and thermodynamic evolution of different parts of the area. According to structural and petrological data the massif can be divided into two megablocks: eastern Aldan and western Aldan. They are separated by a narrow meridional fold-belt. Structural evolution of this central zone was determined by the geodynamics of the mega-blocks and was completed in the late Archaean. Towards the south, this central zone is ‘transformed’into the relatively small Sutam block adjoining the Stanovoy fold-belt that bounds the Aldan shield on the south. The Sutam block is separated from the other structural units of the Aldan shield by a system of north trending grabens filled by post-Archaean sediments. The Aldan shield is composed of Archaean high-grade granulites, while the Stanovoy fold-belt, to the south, consists of highly foliated Proterozoic rocks metamorphosed under relatively lower-grade conditions. However, relics of the granulites are mapped within the fold-belt. They contain high-grade assemblages (e.g. Opx + Sil + Qz, Sap + Qz, Opx + Gr + Sil, etc.). One of the relics, the Tokskii block, which is only slightly touched by diaphthoresis, is located in the southeastern part of the Stanovoy fold-belt. Metamorphic conditions of the Tokskii block are compared with those of the Sutam block and a similar evolution of the units is revealed. Mineral assemblages and mineral compositions do not vary within each unit, but they change in a north-south direction. The Opx + Sil + Qz assemblage has been found only in Sutam and Tok, but not in eastern Aldan and western Aldan. The Sap + Qz assemblage has been found in the Tokskii block but has not yet been found in the Sutam block. The pyrope content in garnets, from metapelites of both blocks, is significantly higher than that from the Aldan (eastern and western blocks) rocks to the north. The most important assemblages from different units of the Aldan shield have been studied using the electron microprobe in order to unravel the metamorphic evolution of the granulites and thus to deduce the thermodynamic regime of this evolution. A geodynamic model for the Aldan shield is discussed in terms of Archaean island arc development. 相似文献
39.
花岗岩中常用压力计的应用评述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文简要讨论了花岗岩中常用压力计的应用限制条件和误差。对于钙碱性花岗岩推荐使用角闪石全铝压力计;对低
压矿化岩体建议使用黑云母全铝压力计即可;奥长环斑花岗岩中可应用富铁斜方辉石-铁橄榄石-石英组合压力计;存在两
种长石和石英平衡共结的花岗岩可利用Q-Ab-Or-H2O相图获得它们的共结压力。花岗岩矿物中流体包裹体的内压可以通过
热力学状态方程或者拉曼光谱获得;特殊的岩浆矿物如绿帘石有时候也可以指示岩浆结晶时所处的最低压力。此外,通过
THERMOCALC计算的视剖面是约束共生矿物组合及熔体形成温压条件的最后方法。 相似文献
40.
The Laki eruption involved 10 fissure-opening episodes thatproduced 15·1 km3 of homogeneous quartz-tholeiite magma.This study focuses on the texture and chemistry of samples fromthe first five episodes, the most productive period of the eruption.The samples comprise pumiceous tephra clasts from early falloutdeposits and lava surface samples from fire-fountaining andcone-building activity. The fluid lava core was periodicallyexposed at the surface upon lobe breakout, and its characteristicsare preserved in glassy selvages from the lava surface. In allsamples, plagioclase is the dominant mineral phase, followedby clinopyroxene and then olivine. Samples contain <7 vol.% of euhedral phenocrysts (>100 µm) with primitivecores [An* = 100 x Ca/(Ca + Na) >70; Fo > 75; En* = 100x Mg/(Mg + Fe) >78] and more evolved rims, and >10 vol.% of skeletal, densely distributed groundmass crystals (<100µm), which are similar in composition to phenocryst rims(tephra: An*58–67, Fo72–78, En*72–81; lava:An*49–70, Fo63–78, En57–78). Tephra and lavahave distinct vesicularity (tephra: >40 vol. %; lava: <40vol. %), groundmass crystal content (tephra: <10 vol. %;lava: 20–30 vol. %), and matrix glass composition (tephra:5·4–5·6 wt % MgO; lava: 4·3–5·0wt % MgO). Whole-rock and matrix glass compositions define atrend consistent with liquid evolution during in situ crystallizationof groundmass phases. Plagioclase–glass and olivine–glassthermometers place the formation of phenocryst cores at 10 kmdepth in a melt with 1 wt % H2O, at near-liquidus temperatures(1150°C). Phenocryst rims and groundmass crystals formedclose to the surface, at 10–40°C melt undercoolingand in an 10–20°C cooler drier magma (0–0·1wt % H2O), causing an 10 mol % drop in An content in plagioclase.The shape, internal zoning and number density of groundmasscrystals indicate that they formed under supersaturated conditions.Based on this information, we propose that degassing duringascent had a major role in rapidly undercooling the melt, promptingintensive shallow groundmass crystallization that affected themagma and lava rheology. Petrological and textural differencesbetween tephra and lava reflect variations in the rates of magmaascent and the timing of surface quenching during each eruptiveepisode. That in turn affected the time available for crystallizationand subsequent re-equilibration of the melt to surface (degassed)conditions. During the explosive phases, the rates of magmaascent were high enough to inhibit crystallization, yieldingcrystal-poor tephra. In contrast, pervasive groundmass crystallizationoccurred in the lava, increasing its yield strength and causinga thick rubbly layer to form during flow emplacement. Lava selvagescollected across the flow-field have strikingly homogeneousglass compositions, demonstrating the high thermal efficiencyof fluid lava transport. Cooling is estimated as 0·3°C/km,showing that rubbly surfaced flows can be as thermally efficientas tube-fed phoehoe lavas. KEY WORDS: lava; crystallization; basalt; cooling rate; pressure; geobarometry; P–T conditions; plagioclase; degassing; Laki, Iceland 相似文献