Cycladophora davisiana (Radiolarian) in the Bering Sea during the late Quaternary: A stratigraphic tool and proxy of the glacial Subarctic Pacific Intermediate Water     

WANG Rujian & CHEN Ronghua . State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology  Tongji University  Shanghai  China  . The Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience  State Oceanic Administration  Hangzhou  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(10)

The Bering Sea, located in the Subarctic Northern Pacific Ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and modern and past global climatic sys-tems, which originates from a very effective biological pump, indicating much higher biogenic opal produc-tion than calcium carbonate[1]. Measured biological particular fluxes show that the flux in the Bering Sea is twice over that in the open ocean. Thereby, the Ber-ing sea is thought as a CO2 sink[2]. At the same time, the Bering Sea…  相似文献   

Mid-latitude Southern Indian Ocean response to Northern Hemisphere Heinrich events     

Marie Alexandrine Sicre  Laurent Labeyrie  Ullah Ezat  Josette Duprat  Jean Louis Turon  Sabine Schmidt  Elisabeth Michel  Alain Mazaud 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(3-4):724-731

The lack of temporal resolution and accurate chronology of Southern Ocean marine cores has hampered comparison of glacial millennial-scale oscillations between the Southern Ocean, Antarctic ice and other records from both hemispheres. In this study, glacial climate variability is investigated over the last 50 ka using a multi-proxy approach. A precise chrono-stratigraphy was developed on the high-sedimentation rate core MD94-103 (Indian Southern Ocean, 45°35′S 86°31′E, 3560 m water depth) by geomagnetic synchronization between the later core and NAPIS75, and ¹⁴C dates. High-resolution time-series of δ¹⁸O in planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) estimated from the alkenone U^K′₃₇ index and foraminifera assemblages have been generated. Temporal evolution of the two temperature proxy records is notably different during the last glacial period. While foraminifera data indicate a consistent cooling towards the last glacial maximum, anomalous warm glacial alkenone temperatures suggest a strong advection of warm “detrital” alkenones by surface waters of the Agulhas current. Superimposed to this general trend, during Heinrich events, foraminiferal SSTs point to warmer surface waters, while concurrent alkenone SSTs exhibit apparent coolings probably caused by enhanced local alkenone production. By analogy to modern observations, possible influence of ENSO-like conditions on the subantarctic Southern Ocean SSTs is discussed.  相似文献   

Persistent organic pollutants in remote freshwater ecosystems   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Pilar Fernández  Guillem Carrera  Joan O. Grimalt 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(3):263-273

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Benthic diatoms of an Alpine stream/lake network in Switzerland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Christopher T. Robinson  Barbara Kawecka 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(4):492-506

We compared the benthic diatom composition of lakes, and lake inlet and outlet streams in a high elevation catchment (∼2600 m a.s.l.) in the Swiss Alps. The catchment consisted of a southern basin mostly fed by glacial-melt water and a northern basin fed by snowmelt and groundwater. Streams in both basins flowed through a series of small lakes before converging into a lake with a primary outlet channel. The south basin had on average 4°C cooler water temperatures and 2× higher nitrate-N levels (up to 300 μg/L) than the north basin. In contrast, the north basin had higher levels (2–4×) of particulate-P, particulate-N, and particulate organic matter than the south basin. A total of 109 and 143 diatom species was identified in lakes and streams, respectively, with a similar number of species found in each basin. Aulacoseira alpigena and Achnanthidium minutissimum were common benthic algae in north basin lakes, whereas Achnanthes subatomoides, Achnanthes marginulata, Pinnularia microstauron, and Psammothidium helveticum were most common in south basin lakes. One disconnected lake in the north basin had an assemblage dominated by Tabellaria flocculosa (66%) and Eunotia tenella (14%). Principal components analysis showed a clear separation between the north and south basins in lotic diatoms. Of the 10 most common species, streams in the south basin had greater abundances of Psammothidium helveticum, Achnanthes helvetica var. minor, Achnanthes marginulata, Achnanthes subatomoides, and Diatoma mesodon than the north basin, whereas north basin streams had higher abundances of Achnanthidium minutissimum, Aulacoseira alpigena, and Luticola goeppertiana. Lake outlet assemblages were similar to respective downstream lake inlet assemblages, and assemblages changed in composition along each basins longitudinal flow path. However, Aulacoseira alpigena had higher average abundances in north basin outlets than inlets, and Achnanthidium minutissimum, Psammothidium helveticum, and Achnanthes helvetica var. minor had higher average abundances in south basin outlets than inlets. In contrast, Diatoma mesodon, Fragilaria capucina, and Gomphonema parvulum had higher average abundances in south basin inlets than outlets. The spatial patterns in species composition reflected the hierarchical interaction of landscape features (geology, hydrology) on longitudinal gradients (lake position) in the stream/lake network.  相似文献   

The last British Ice Sheet: A review of the evidence utilised in the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain     

David J.A.  Chris D.  Wishart A. 《Earth》2005,70(3-4):253-312

This paper reviews the evidence presently available (as at December 2003) for the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain (see [Clark C.D., Evans D.J.A., Khatwa A., Bradwell T., Jordan C.J., Marsh S.H., Mitchell W.A., Bateman, M.D. , 2004. Map and GIS database of glacial landforms and features related to the last British Ice Sheet. Boreas 33, 359–375] and http://www.shef.ac.uk/geography/staff/clark_chris/britice.html) in an effort to stimulate further research on the last British Ice Sheet and promote a reconstruction of ice sheet behaviour based on glacial geology and geomorphology. The wide range of evidence that has been scrutinized for inclusion on the glacial map is assessed with respect to the variability of its quality and quantity and the existing controversies in ice sheet reconstructions. Landforms interpreted as being of unequivocal ice-marginal origin (moraines, ice-contact glacifluvial landforms and lateral meltwater channels) and till sheet margins are used in conjunction with available chronological control to locate former glacier and ice-sheet margins throughout the last glacial cycle. Subglacial landforms (drumlins, flutings and eskers) have been used to demarcate former flow patterns within the ice sheet. The compilation of evidence in a regional map is crucial to any future reconstructions of palaeo-ice sheet dynamics and will provide a clearer understanding of ice sheet configuration, ice divide migration and ice thickness and coverage for the British Ice Sheet as it evolved through the last glacial cycle.  相似文献   

Late Glacial and Holocene Palaeoenvironmental Changes in the Rostov-Yaroslavl’ Area, West Central Russia     

Barbara Wohlfarth  Pavel Tarasov  Ole Bennike  Terri Lacourse  Dmitry Subetto  Peter Torssander  Fedor Romanenko 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(3):543-569

Three lake sediment sequences (lakes Nero, Chashnitsy, Zaozer’e) from the Rostov-Jaroslavl’ region north of Moscow were studied to provide information on palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental changes during the past 15,000 cal yr. The multi-proxy study (i.e., pollen, macrofossils, mineral magnetic measurements, total carbon, nitrogen and sulphur) is chronologically constrained by AMS ¹⁴C measurements. Lake Nero provided the longest sedimentary record back to ca. 15,000 cal yr BP, while sediment accumulation began around ca. 11,000 cal yr BP in the two other lakes, possibly due to melting of permafrost. Limnic plant macrofossil remains suggest increased lake productivity and higher mean summer temperatures after 14,500 cal yr BP. While the late glacial vegetation was dominated by Betula and Salix shrubs and various herbs, it appears that Betula sect. Albae became established as early as 14,000 cal yr BP. Major hydrological changes in the region led to distinctly lower lake levels, starting 13,000 cal yr BP in Lake Nero and ca. 9000 cal yr BP in lakes Chashnitsy and Zaozer’e, which are situated at higher elevations. These changes resulted in sedimentary hiatuses in all three lakes that lasted 3500–4500 cal yr. Mixed broad-leaved – coniferous forests were widespread in the area between 8200 and 6100 cal yr BP and developed into dense, species-rich forests between 6100 and 2500 cal yr BP, during what was likely the warmest interval of the studied sequences. Agricultural activity is documented since 500 cal yr BP, but probably began earlier, since Rostov was a major capital by 862 A.D. This apparent gap may be caused by additional sedimentary hiatuses around 2500 and 500 cal yr BP.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of relative sea levels and crustal velocities in Laurentide to radial and lateral viscosity variations in the mantle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Patrick Wu 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,165(2):401-413

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Glacier Distribution in the Alps: Statistical Modelling of Altitude and Aspect     

Ian S. Evans 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2006,88(2):115-133

Mass balance of glaciers in mountain areas varies not only with altitude and regional position but also with aspect, gradient, glacier size, glacier type and detailed topographic position. These factors are combined here in models of how glacier altitude varies, tested with data for the Alps edited from the World Glacier Inventory. An overall northward tendency in glacier numbers (toward 005 ± 4°) and lower altitudes (013 ± 5°) is maintained across a range of glacier sizes, types, altitudes and the major divisions of the Alps. Variation with aspect of glacier altitude (and, by implication, of glacier balance) in the Alps is essentially unimodal, and north‐facing glaciers average 220 m lower in middle altitude than south‐facing: 148 m in the Western Alps, 232 m in the West‐central, 252 m in the East‐central, and 268 m in the Eastern Alps. For smaller subdivisions, confidence intervals on estimates are broader and many differences lack statistical significance. Contrasts are greater in the higher massifs, with greater relief, and lower in cloudy, windward areas. There are small windrelated tendencies east of north along the northern and western fringes, but trends across space are weak: position is thus treated by subdivision into districts and groups. Mid‐altitude averages 2891 m overall and varies from 2552 to 3127 m for 27 glacier districts, and from 2124 to 3209 m for 103 glacier groups. Glacier mid‐altitude varies also with glacier form, nourishment, height range and area, which account for over two‐thirds of variance in combined models.  相似文献   

湖泊亚像元填图算法研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

张洪恩  施建成  刘素红 《水科学进展》2006,17(3):376-382

湖泊面积变化监测具有重要的科学和社会意义,使用中低分辨率卫星遥感数据进行大面积的湖泊面积变化监测有很多优势,但易受混合像元的影响。本文根据湖泊水体的遥感特性,发展了使用中低分辨率卫星遥感数据的混合像元分解算法,应用线性多端元混合像元分解技术,自动、快速地得到在每个像元中湖泊所占的面积百分比;在上述分类结果的基础上,基于地物的空间依存现象,建立空间吸引力的概念,用循环迭代的方法实现超过遥感影像自身分辨率的湖泊亚像元填图。在针对青藏高原不同季节不同地区的Modis影像的实践中,显示混合像元分解算法可以提供较高精度的软分类结果;使用迭代方法进行亚像元填图是简单高效的,具有很大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

湖芯沉积物揭示的末次冰消开始时期 普莫雍错湖区环境变化^*   总被引：14，自引：22，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

朱立平  鞠建廷  王君波  西村弥亚  守田益宗  吴艳红  冯金良  谢曼平  林晓 《第四纪研究》2006,26(5):772-780

文章讨论了末次冰消开始时期青藏高原南部普莫雍错湖芯沉积反映的环境暖湿化以及原因。通过对现代湖泊和周边河流水文状况调查,发现流域内发育众多冰川,冰川融水构成维持湖面稳定的重要来源;湖面以及湖泊沉积环境的变化与冰川融水以及相应的温度改变具有密切的联系。利用湖泊沉积岩芯PM-1孔,通过加速器¹⁴ C测年和粒度、元素、碳酸盐含量、总有机碳以及有机碳同位素、总氮、分子标志化合物、孢粉等环境指标的分析,发现在16.4~15.4cal.kaB.P.有大量流水进入湖泊,使湖面扩大,湖水加深;流域地表产生大量有机碎屑,并被流水带入湖泊进行沉积;流域内的喜湿植被得以发展。该时段湖泊扩张、陆源植被发展的原因一方面得益于冰期过后气候向温暖湿润方向转化,另一方面温度上升带来大量冰川融水则可能具有更加重要的影响,对于深入理解当前青藏高原冰川普遍退缩和一些湖泊的水面上涨具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献