贵州普定碳酸盐岩上覆松散堆积物的沉积环境初探          下载免费PDF全文

梁丹丹  张兆干  韩旭  赵雪玲 《第四纪研究》2008,28(4):779-787

通过对贵州省普定县马官地区不同地貌部位的4个剖面进行详细的粒度分析,把粒度参数以及频率曲线与各种沉积环境的特征进行对比,排除了河流沉积、风成沉积的可能性。研究区域各剖面的粒度分布特征表明其沉积环境属于碳酸盐岩溶蚀残余风化,同时还有坡面流水和地下水作用的参与。  相似文献   

Stable Carbon Isotope Biogeochemistry and Anthropogenic Impacts on Karst Ground Water, Zunyi, Southwest China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Si-Liang Li  Cong-Qiang Liu  Yun-Chao Lang  Faxiang Tao  Zhiqi Zhao  Zhihua Zhou 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2008,14(3):211-221

Natural and anthropogenic impacts on karst ground water, Zunyi, Southwest China, are discussed using the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon and particulate organic carbon, together with carbon species contents and water chemistry. The waters can be mainly characterized as HCO₃–Ca type, HCO₃ · SO₄–Ca type, or HCO₃ · SO₄–Ca · Mg type, according to mass balance considerations. It is found that the average δ¹³C_DIC values of ground waters are higher in winter (low-flow season) than in summer (high-flow season). Lower contents of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and lower values of δ¹³C_DIC in summer than in winter, indicate that local rain events in summer and a longer residence time of water in winter play an important role in the evolution of ground water carbon in karst flow systems; therefore, soil CO₂ makes a larger contribution to the DIC in summer than in winter. The range of δ¹³C_DIC values indicate that dissolved inorganic carbon is mainly controlled by the rate of carbonate dissolution. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in most ground water samples are lower than 2.0 mg C L⁻¹ and 0.5 mg C L⁻¹, respectively, but some waters have slightly higher contents of organic carbon. The waters with high organic carbon contents are generally located in the urban area where lower δ¹³C_DIC values suggest that urbanization has had an effect on the ground water biogeochemistry and might threaten the water quality.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variation of stable isotopes of river waters, water source identification and water security in the Heishui Valley (China) during the dry-season     

Yuhong Liu  Shuqing An  Zhen Xu  Ningjiang Fan  Jun Cui  Zhongsheng Wang  Shirong Liu  Jiayong Pan  Guanghui Lin 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(2):311-319

Spatial variations of δD and δ¹⁸O among seven tributaries and their water sources were investigated in the Heishui Valley of the Yangtze River, China during the dry-season in 2004. A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variation) test showed that both δD (p?18O (p?=?0.045) spatially varied among the seven tributaries. The plot of δ¹⁸O versus δD for the river water collected at different locations showed that isotopic fractionation occurred during the snow and glacial melting process. The depleted δ¹⁸O and δD in the tributary waters distributed above the local meteoric water line (LMWL) suggested that the glacial and early snowpack meltwater largely recharged these streams during the early spring. The meltwater was isotopically distinguishable from the precipitation and river water, which had been evaporated during warmer and drier times. If glaciers and snow accumulation diminish with future climate warming, the recharge of these tributaries’ baseflow will decline and the security of the water resource in this watershed will be threatened.  相似文献   

长江水系河水主要离子化学特征   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  

夏学齐  杨忠芳  王亚平  季峻峰  李文明  袁旭音 《地学前缘》2008,15(5):194

2007年夏季采集了长江从上游沱沱河至入海口的干流原水样品36个,长江各主要支流水样品40个,分析了江水Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+、HCO3-、SO42-、Cl-离子含量及溶解性SiO2等溶质成分。结果显示,长江流域水系离子化学组成主要受碳酸盐和蒸发岩风化控制,长江上游水离子化学呈现阳离子以K+和Na+为主,阴离子以Cl-和SO42-为主的蒸发岩类风化控制特征,但随着采样点位下移,离子含量逐渐呈现阳离子以Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-为主的逐渐向碳酸盐风化过渡的特征;从时间变化上看,与20世纪50年代至1990年长江水离子化学数据相比,以Na+、K+、SO42-和Cl-为代表的所有阴阳离子均有明显增加;从通量上看,洞庭湖和鄱阳湖是长江离子两个最大的输入源,除洞庭湖和鄱阳湖外的其他长江各大支流中,岷江是长江Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、F-和HCO3-的最大输入源,嘉陵江是SO24-和溶解性SiO2的最大输入源;在几大世界河流中,长江是对海洋Mg2+、SO24-和Cl-的输入通量最大的河流,Ca2+和HCO3-通量仅次于亚马逊河。  相似文献   

Under-ice mountains     

G. F. Ufimtsev 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2008,2(1):87-96

The morphological structure of mountains forming under conditions of extensive continental and mountain glaciation is described. They are characterized by a general hummocky profile with alternating dome-shaped summits, steps, valley-shaped depressions, and microrelief represented by roche moutonées, greywethers, and nunataks with isolated peaks in the form of high cones and prisms. The under-ice mountains are represented by a step morphological landscape with glacial steps and leveling surfaces. The step pattern of their morphological landscape is assumed to be related to successive layering of ice according to its movement velocity and the formation of a jet current against the background of general dominant displacements of ice masses. This makes under-ice mountains morphologically similar to medium-height and low mountainous relief of the temperate humid belt in the Northern Hemisphere with dominant landslides on their slopes.  相似文献   

云南思茅盆地早白垩世扒沙河组地层地球化学特征及其物源制约          下载免费PDF全文

苗卫良 《盐湖研究》2018,26(1)

思茅盆地晚白垩世勐野井组地层是我国唯一的古代固体钾盐发育地层,由于盆地内部断层纵横,地层横向对比困难,急需有效的标志性地层以完善区域对比及后续研究的深入。本次在确认早白垩世扒沙河组地层良好的区域可对比性基础上,通过对比思茅盆地江城地区两个典型地质露头剖面及勐野井钾盐矿床钻孔岩心的元素地球化学特征探讨了江城地区含盐系地层及其下伏扒沙河组地层的化学风化、构造背景及物源属性特征。结果表明,1）思茅盆地江城地区勐野井组与扒沙河组地层在形成过程中,其物源区均经历了中至强的化学风化作用过程;2）尽管这两套地层间呈不整合接触关系,但在物源属性上二者却均具有混和物源的特性（活动大陆边缘或大陆岛弧背景的长英质物源与被动大陆边缘背景的古老沉积物物源的混合）,而扒沙河组地层在沉积过程中可能还受到了少量基性岩物源的影响;3）云南江城勐野井组及其下伏扒沙河组地层的主要物源区可能为哀牢山隆起带和扬子古陆块。  相似文献   

新疆阿尔泰山东段冰碛物光释光测年研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

贾彬彬  周亚利  赵军 《地理学报》2018,73(5):957-972

冰川是塑造地表形态最积极的外营力之一,对冰川地貌的年代学研究是重建古冰川发展史的关键,也是研究气候变化的重要途径。冰碛物是冰川作用的直接产物,代表过去发生的冰川事件,对冰碛物进行准确测年能够为重建古冰川的进退、理解区域古气候变化提供年代学支撑。本文在新疆阿尔泰山东段采集了8个冰碛物样品以进行光释光测年,利用单片再生剂量法对90~125 μm的石英颗粒进行等效剂量的测定。通过等效剂量值频率分布特征及De（t）坪区图分析得出大部分冰碛物的光释光信号晒退不彻底,所以利用一阶动力学公式对持续激发的光释光信号晒退曲线（CW-OSL）进行多组分拟合拆分,得到快速、中速、慢速3种组分,依据分离出的快速组分确定等效剂量值。研究结果显示,距今32 ka以来阿尔泰山东段区域在MIS3阶段、MIS2阶段、8.2 ka左右、全新世大暖期及新冰期等5个时段有冰川发育,冰川发育与气候变化密切相关。  相似文献   

Geochemical mapping based on geological units: a case study from the Marnoso-arenacea formation (Northern Apennines,Italy)     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(1):49-62

Geochemical maps can provide us with much information on geology, earth surface processes and anthropogenic pressure and are valuable tools for ore prospecting and land management. Stream sediments represent an integral of the various possible sources of sediments upstream from the sampling point therefore there can be multiple signal sources but generally the prevailing signal source is the one related to bedrock geology. Stream sediments collected from active second-order channels including singular geological units, were selected in order to determine the geochemical characteristics of each unit. The aim of this study was to analyze their potential for using them to integrate geological interpretation and produce a geologically-oriented geochemical map. From the 770 samples collected for a regional geochemical mapping program, we selected 149 samples whose catchment basin included only one of the members recognized within the Marnoso-arenacea formation. This middle–upper Miocene (Langhian–Tortonian) turbiditic unit forms the backbone of the Romagna Apennines and has been subdivided into 14 members according to age and lithostratigraphic criteria. The results indicate that there are marked differences in the composition of the members of the Marnoso arenecea formation which indicate the provenance of the sediment and the palaeogeographic evolution of the units. By means of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (Factor analyzes) two main types of sediment compositions are identified: Tortonian members are characterized by sialic coarse grain-sediments while the Langhian–Serravallian members are richer in carbonate fraction, slightly enriched in a mafic contribution. This study elaborated the geochemical data from a geological point of view by integrating the information available in literature to spatially extend the interpretation based on limited site observation as for petrographic studies. In general, the geochemical map based on a geological unit could be a useful tool for carrying out the geological reconstruction of a complex area.  相似文献   

Remote sensing of alpine glaciers in visible and infrared wavelengths: a survey of advances and prospects     

Anshuman Bhardwaj  P.K. Joshi  Lydia Sam  Snehmani 《国际地球制图》2016,31(5):557-574

Remote sensing is an efficient tool for temporal monitoring of inaccessible alpine glacial terrain. This study discusses the methods of remote sensing in visible and infrared (IR) wavelengths, which are helpful in providing important information about alpine glaciers. The scope of this study covers recent advances and prospects in optical and thermal remote sensing of glacier facies, glacier velocity, mass balance, glacial hazards and automated mapping techniques. The technology is ever evolving with the advent of new remote sensors capturing data in visible/IR wavelengths and better digital computing technology. An extensive list of significant studies further helps the reader to explore a particular topic of interest. We survey recent advances in this field and additionally highlight the emerging prospects.  相似文献   

赣南花岗岩风化壳型稀土矿床中纳米级稀土矿物的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘容  王汝成  陆现彩  李娟 《岩石矿物学杂志》2016,35(4):617-626

为揭示次生风化成因稀土矿物的赋存形态和分布特征,对赣南安远岗下稀土矿区花岗岩风化壳剖面进行了研究。采集风化壳不同层位的样品进行分选、提纯,场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜研究结果表明,与稀土矿物紧密相关的粘土矿物是高岭石和埃洛石等,风化壳中发现的纳米级稀土矿物既有附着于其他矿物表面的微细颗粒,也有呈集合体存在的稀土矿物(可能为方铈石),这一现象有助于进一步认识风化壳稀土矿床的形成过程。  相似文献