Application of Astronomic Time-latitude Residuals in Earthquake Prediction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Han Yanben  Ma Lihua  Hu Hui  Wang Rui  Su Youjin 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2007,100(1-2):125-135

After the earthquake (Ms = 6.1) occurred in Luquan county of Yunnan province on April 18, 1985, the relationship between major earthquakes and astronomical time-latitude residuals (ATLR) of a photoelectric astrolabe in Yunnan Observatory was analyzed. ATLR are the rest after deducting the effects of Earth’s whole motion from the observations of time and latitude. It was found that there appeared the anomalies of the ATLR before earthquakes which happened in and around Yunnan, a seismic active region. The reason of the anomalies is possibly from change of the plumb line due to the motion of the groundmass before earthquakes. Afterwards, using studies of the anomalous characters and laws of ATLR, we tried to provide the warning information prior to the occurrence of a few major earthquakes in the region. The significant synchronous anomalies of ATLR of the observatory appeared before the earthquake of magnitude 6.2 in Dayao county of Yunnan province, on July 21, 2003. It has been again verified that the anomalies possibly provide the prediction information for strong earthquakes around the observatory.  相似文献   

Metal-residence sites in lavas and tuffs from Volcán Popocatépetl, Mexico: implications for metal mobility in the environment     

A. C. L. Larocque  James A. Stimac  Claus Siebe 《Environmental Geology》1998,33(2-3):197-208

 Volcan Popocatépetl is a Quaternary stratovolcano located 60 km southeast of Mexico City. The summit crater is the site of recent ash eruptions, excess degassing, and dacite dome growth. The modern cone comprises mainly pyroclastic flow deposits, airfall tephras, debris flows, and reworked deposits of andesitic composition; it is flanked by more mafic monogenetic vents. In least-degassed fallout tuffs and mafic scoria, transition metals are concentrated in phases formed before eruption, during eruption, and after eruption. Preeruptive minerals occur in both lavas and tephra, and include oxides and sulfides in glass and phenocrysts. The magmatic oxides consist of magnetite, ilmenite, and chromite; the sulfides consist of both (Fe,Ni)_1-xS (MSS) and Cu–Fe sulfide (ISS). Syn- and posteruptive phases occur in vesicles in both lavas and tephra, and on surfaces of ash and along fractures. The mineral assemblages in lavas include Cu–Fe sulfide and Fe–Ti oxide in vesicles, and Fe sulfide and Cu–Fe sulfide in segregation vesicles. Assemblages in vesicles in scoria include Fe–Ti oxide and rare Fe–Cu–Sn sulfide. Vesicle fillings of Fe–Ti oxide, Ni-rich chromite, Fe sulfide, Cu sulfide, and barite are common to two pumice samples. The most coarse-grained of the vesicle fillings are Cu–Fe sulfide and Cu sulfide, which are as large as 50 μ in diameter. The youngest Plinian pumice also contains Zn(Fe) sulfide, as well as rare Ag–Cu sulfide, Ag–Fe sulfide, Ag bromide, Ag chloride, and Au–Cu telluride. The assemblage is similar to those typically observed in high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization. The fine-grained nature and abundance of syn- and/or posteruptive phases in porous rocks makes metals susceptible to mobilization by percolating fluids. The abundance of metal compounds in vesicles indicates that volatile exsolution prior to and/or during eruption played an important role in releasing metals to the atmosphere. Received: March 1997 · Accepted: 27 May 1997  相似文献   

Phase Chemistry Study of the Zabuye Salt Lake Brine: Isothermal Evaporation at 15°C and 25°C     

NIE Zhen  BU Lingzhong  ZHENG Mianping  ZHANG Yongsheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(6):1533-1538

Zabuye Salt Lake in Tibet, China is a carbonate-type salt lake, which has some unique characteristics that make it different from other types of salt lakes. The lake is at the latter period in its evolution and contains liquid and solid resources. Its brine is rich in Li, B, K and other useful minor elements that are of great economic value. We studied the concentration behavior of these elements and the crystallization paths of salts during isothermal evaporation of brine at 15°C and 25°C. The crystallization sequence of the primary salts from the brine at 25°C is halite (NaCl) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3)→ trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → sylvite (KCl), while the sequence is halite (NaCl) → sylvite (KCl) → trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) at 15°C. They are in accordance with the metastable phase diagram of the Na+, K+-Cl?, CO32?, SO42?-H2O quinary system at 25°C, except for Na2CO3·7H2O which is replaced by trona and thermonatrite. In the 25°C experiment, zabuyelite (Li2CO3) was precipitated in the early stage because Li2CO3 is supersaturated in the brine at 25°C, in contrast with that at 15°C, it precipitated in the later stage. Potash was precipitated in the middle and late stages in both experiments, while boron was concentrated in the early and middle stages and precipitated in the late stage.  相似文献   

丁二酸桥联双核铜Cu(C_3N_2H_4)_2(C_4H_5O_4)_2晶体的超分子结构及形貌特征     

陈洪  胡波  吴秀玲  余小红  张荔  肖兵  于梅花  陈敬中 《矿物岩石》2010,30(1)

用XRD,SEM和TEM研究新型配合物Cu(C3N2H4)2(C4H5O4)2的超分子结构和微观形貌,并对新型晶体的平衡外形进行模拟计算,结果表明:该配合物分子具有丁二酸桥联的双核铜结构,中心铜离子处在2个咪唑和4个丁二酸以单齿配位组成的八面体中心,在ab平面,分子中有十四元大环,环内Cu(1)-Cu(2)原子间距为0.8031nm,C(2)-C(2′)为0.4183nm;在ac平面,沿着[010]方向分子内呈现凹的六边形纳米级孔洞;沿[100]方向分子依靠弱的氢键作用,层状堆积成三维超分子结构。此外,随着丁二酸的碳链沿[001]方向无限延伸,形成以铜离子为交叉中心的带状拓扑构型。SEM观察到晶体表面形成有明显的凹坑,区域呈现层状阶梯,说明晶体在(100)面遵照台阶-扭折模型呈层状生长结晶。TEM微区形貌像显示晶体存在条纹和缺陷结构,整体保持柱状构型,这与模拟的晶体平衡外形呈柱状一致。模拟结果表明晶体最易外显晶面为(100)面,外显比例达41.247%,这与晶体超分子层沿[100]方向通过氢键作用堆积,键作用力较弱密切相关。  相似文献   

东天山伊吾二叠纪花岗质杂岩体的锆石定年、地球化学及其构造意义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

汪传胜  张遵忠  顾连兴  吴昌志  唐俊华  李中华  冯慧  雷如雄 《岩石学报》2010,26(4):1045-1058

伊吾花岗质杂岩体主要由二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩构成。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年分析得到二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为284.6±1.4Ma和284.0±1.1Ma。结合地质证据,此年龄表明该杂岩体形成于碰撞之后的二叠纪早期挤压-伸展转折阶段。岩石学、地球化学和同位素等方面的对比研究表明这两种岩石为同一岩浆演化的产物。与二长花岗岩相比,碱长花岗岩表现为硅、碱的含量较高,而铝的含量较低;富Th、U、Nb、Ta,贫Sr、P、Ti、Sm;DI和Rb/Sr升高,Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf下降,从二长花岗岩到碱长花岗岩表现出连续分异演化的趋势。计算得到二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩的模式年龄(t_(DM))分别为693Ma和763Ma,ε_(Nd)(t)分别为+4.53和+4.64,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i分别为0.703858和0.703855,表现出高ε_(Nd)(t)低(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i的特征。这些特征表明,伊吾岩体的岩浆来自新元古代时从亏损地幔分离出来的初生地壳源区。二长花岗岩岩浆是这种初生地壳岩浆演化的产物,而碱长花岗岩形成于二长花岗岩母岩浆经斜长石、磷灰石、钛铁氧化物、榍石、独居石、褐帘石和锆石等矿物分离结晶后的残留岩浆。  相似文献   

云南普朗超大型斑岩铜矿床含矿斑岩成因及其成矿意义   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

曹康  许继峰  陈建林  黄肖潇  任江波 《矿床地质》2014,33(2):307-322

普朗超大型斑岩铜矿床位于三江特提斯构造域义敦弧南部的中甸弧内,形成于晚三叠世甘孜-理塘大洋板片向西俯冲的消减带上。与成矿作用密切相关的石英闪长岩和石英二长岩具有相似的化学组成,w（SiO₂）>61%,w（Al₂O₃）为11.28%~19.12%,w（MgO）为1.98%~4.04%,Na₂O/K₂O比值介于0.3~2.4（平均0.8）;富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Sr、Ba）而亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Zr）,具有较高的Sr/Y（27~63）和La/Yb（14~31）比值,较明显的负Eu异常,在Y-Sr/Y和Yb-La/Yb图解中,部分样品落入埃达克岩范围内,另一些样品则落入正常弧钙碱性岩石范围。普朗含矿斑岩部分样品的埃达克岩地球化学属性可能与以下地质-地球化学过程有关：晚三叠世甘孜-理塘大洋板片向西俯冲时发生脱挥发分作用导致上覆地幔楔遭受流体交代,被流体交代的地幔楔随后发生部分熔融形成正常拉斑玄武质-钙碱性岩浆,这种钙碱性岩浆在岩浆房中或侵位过程中发生角闪石、斜长石和磷灰石等矿物的分离结晶作用形成埃达克质石英闪长岩或石英二长岩。普朗含矿斑岩中黑云母和角闪石斑晶的广泛发育表明原始岩浆是富水的,这种富水环境促进角闪石的大量结晶而抑制部分斜长石的结晶,导致残余岩浆的Sr/Y比值增加,从而使部分岩石样品具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征。这种富水的原始岩浆有利于后期岩浆热液体系的形成及铜等金属元素向流体相中分配转移,并最终形成普朗超大型斑岩铜矿床。  相似文献   

Phase Equilibria Constraints on the Chemical and Physical Evolution of the Campanian Ignimbrite   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

Fowler  Sarah J.; Spera  Frank J.; Bohrson  Wendy A.; Belkin  Harvey E.; De Vivo  Benedetto 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(3):459-493

The Campanian Ignimbrite is a > 200 km³ trachyte–phonolitepyroclastic deposit that erupted at 39·3 ± 0·1ka within the Campi Flegrei west of Naples, Italy. Here we testthe hypothesis that Campanian Ignimbrite magma was derived byisobaric crystal fractionation of a parental basaltic trachyandesiticmelt that reacted and came into local equilibrium with smallamounts (5–10 wt%) of crustal rock (skarns and foid-syenites)during crystallization. Comparison of observed crystal and magmacompositions with results of phase equilibria assimilation–fractionationsimulations (MELTS) is generally very good. Oxygen fugacitywas approximately buffered along QFM + 1 (where QFM is the quartz–fayalite–magnetitebuffer) during isobaric fractionation at 0·15 GPa ( 6km depth). The parental melt, reconstructed from melt inclusionand host clinopyroxene compositions, is found to be basaltictrachyandesite liquid (51·1 wt% SiO₂, 9·3 wt%MgO, 3 wt% H₂O). A significant feature of phase equilibria simulationsis the existence of a pseudo-invariant temperature, 883 °C,at which the fraction of melt remaining in the system decreasesabruptly from 0·5 to < 0·1. Crystallizationat the pseudo-invariant point leads to abrupt changes in thecomposition, properties (density, dissolved water content),and physical state (viscosity, volume fraction fluid) of meltand magma. A dramatic decrease in melt viscosity (from 1700Pa s to 200 Pa s), coupled with a change in the volume fractionof water in magma (from 0·1 to 0·8) and a dramaticdecrease in melt and magma density acted as a destabilizingeruption trigger. Thermal models suggest a timescale of 200kyr from the beginning of fractionation until eruption, leadingto an apparent rate of evolved magma generation of about 10^–3km³/year. In situ crystallization and crystal settling in density-stratifiedregions, as well as in convectively mixed, less evolved subjacentmagma, operate rapidly enough to match this apparent volumetricrate of evolved magma production. KEY WORDS: assimilation; Campanian Ignimbrite; fractional crystallization; magma dynamics; phase equilibria  相似文献   

Was the Panzhihua Large Fe-Ti Oxide Deposit,SW China,Formed by Silicate Immiscibility?     

DING Xiangli  CHEN Xuanhu  SHAO Zhaogang 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(5):1451-1461

The Panzhihua mafic intrusion, which hosts a world-class Fe-Ti-V ore deposit, is in the western Emeishan region, SW China. The formation age(～260 Ma), and Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that the Panzhihua intrusion is part of the Emeishan large igneous province and has little crustal contamination. To assess ore genesis of the Panzhihua Fe-Ti-V ore deposit, two different models have been provided to explain the formation, namely silicate immiscibility and normal fractional crystallization. Silicate...  相似文献   

估算钙碱性长英质侵入岩结晶压力的地质压力计评述     

徐鸿雪  汪洋 《地质论评》2023,69(4):2023040029-2023040029

本文对四种常见的矿物压力计（角闪石全铝压力计、黑云母压力计、榍石压力计和“石英”压力计）的适用性进行了经验性检验。基于国内外典型钙碱性长英质岩体的矿物化学和全岩化学成分数据,采用不同压力计估算岩体侵位压力,并与角闪石全铝压力计结果对比。结果表明：角闪石六次配位Al压力计与广泛使用的角闪石全铝压力计的估算值存在系统相关性;榍石压力计计算的压力与角闪石全铝压力计的估计结果相关性较为显著;基于Qtz—Ab—Or简并花岗岩体系的“石英”压力计可以用于估计准铝质—弱过铝质钙碱性（狭义）花岗岩的结晶压力。但是,经验性的黑云母压力计和基于实验数据的黑云母压力压计均不能很好地复现角闪石全铝压力计的结果。黑云母压力计不适用于估算钙碱性侵入岩的结晶压力。  相似文献   

伟晶质岩浆的同化混染与分离结晶(AFC)作用及铀成矿效应:以纳米比亚湖山铀矿为例     

黄冉笑  王果胜  袁国礼  邱坤峰  Hounkpe Jechonias BIDOSSESSI 《地学前缘》2022,29(1):377-402

纳米比亚湖山铀矿位于达马拉造山带的中央南部地区,工业铀矿物为晶质铀矿,属于伟晶岩型铀矿床。关于不同矿石中铀元素的富集与沉淀机制还存在一定争议。为了揭示伟晶质岩浆演化与铀矿化作用的关系,本文对矿区内不同矿物组成的伟晶岩型矿石开展了岩石和矿物地球化学研究。野外及镜下鉴定结果显示,矿化伟晶岩可以分为“简单类型”矿体和“复杂类型”矿体。前者具有正常的花岗伟晶结构,晶质铀矿均匀分布于造岩矿物之间,矿化程度低到中等;后者表现出非均匀的结构特征,且矿化程度极高,晶质铀矿在成因上与大量黑云母团块有明显的空间联系。地球化学研究表明:在“简单类型”伟晶岩中,铀元素主要通过伟晶质岩浆的分离结晶作用富集;“复杂类型”伟晶质岩浆的演化则明显受控于同化混染作用,其铀矿化为岩浆同化混染与分离结晶(assimilation-fractional crystallization,AFC)作用产物。具体而言,外来基性组分(FeO,MgO,TiO₂,MnO)的混入导致“复杂类型”熔体中矿物的结晶顺序发生改变,长石类矿物的“延后”结晶为黑云母提供了更加有利的结晶空间和条件,促使黑云母以团块状聚集的形式产出。黑云母的大量析出会引发残余岩浆中UF_m^4-m络合物的水解,导致晶质铀矿在团块黑云母内部或周围沉淀。因此,本文有关“简单类型”和“复杂类型”产铀伟晶岩的研究,有效地揭示了岩浆演化过程与铀矿化机制,丰富了伟晶岩型铀矿床理论,为后期勘查开发提供了科学依据。  相似文献