湖泊水环境模糊数学评价模型及其在富营养化排序中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈守煜  赵瑛琪 《湖泊科学》1994,6(1):62-66

本文根据模糊水文学关于水体“清洁”与“污染”之间无明确界面,在识别过程中具有模糊性的论点,提出湖泊水环境评价的模糊数学模型。应用此模型对我国12个湖泊富营养化污染状况进行排序,结果与实际相符,文中提出的评价模型,原则上也适用于其他环境领域的评价工作。  相似文献   

大陈洋产卵场保护区综合健康状况评价          下载免费PDF全文

刘明智  蒋日进  杨凡  印瑞  朱帅麟  张洪亮  李振华  张亚洲  王忠明  李鹏飞 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(1):303-311

产卵场保护区建立是养护渔业资源和渔业可持续发展的重要方式,为验证大陈洋产卵场保护区建立的效果,以大陈洋产卵场保护区为研究区域,基于层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process),以2018年春(4月)、秋(11月)两季渔业资源和环境调查数据为依据,从产卵场保护区的环境和生态(一级指标)角度考虑,建立以污染物、水质、群落结构、资源密度等7个二级指标和26个三级指标的评价体系,通过综合健康评价指数(comprehensive health indicator,Ic,h),表征大陈洋产卵场保护区健康状况,并利用2021年春(4月)、秋(11月)两季渔业资源调查数据与保护区建立初期渔业资源情况进行对比。结果显示:2018年大陈洋产卵场保护区春季和秋季Ic,h分别为0.514和0.511,均处于亚健康状态。虽然保护区内环境状况优良,但保护区内生物多样性低,资源密度和资源补充群体数量不足,这表明大陈洋产卵场保护区渔业资源情况不容乐观。经过一段时间的恢复,保护区内渔业资源情况略有所好转,说明保护区的设立有一定的效果。综合健康评价体系在一定程度上客观地反映了大陈洋产卵场保护区健康状...  相似文献   

淀山湖水环境质量评价及污染防治研究   总被引：20，自引：6，他引：14  

阮仁良  王云 《湖泊科学》1993,5(2):153-158

从淀山湖环境研究入手。全面考察湖区点源和非点源污染物的分布及其对湖泊的输入,分析湖内污染物的动态变化,采用模糊矩阵复合运算方法对水质进行综合评价,并建立水质污染预测模型,进行水质污染趋势分析。最后,提出了淀山湖水污染防治的对策和措施。  相似文献   

乌梁素海水体汞的分布特征及污染风险评估   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

赵胜男  史小红  李畅游  张汉蒙  付绪金  吴用  石艳秋 《湖泊科学》2014,26(2):221-227

于2011年1月采集乌梁素海表层水样,对湖水中重金属Hg含量进行分析.结合Hg的空间分布特征,利用单因子指数综合污染评价指数与健康风险评价模型对Hg污染程度与风险进行评估.结果表明,乌梁素海表层水体中Hg的平均浓度为1.04μg/L,所有监测点Hg的含量都超出地表水Ⅲ类标准和国家渔业用水标准,50%的监测点超出了地表水Ⅳ类标准.水体中Hg的分布模式与流域排污口位置、入湖口及水动力条件有一定关系,高值区域分布在入湖口相对集中的西北与东北部,湖泊南部与出口处的含量相对较低,处于中等水平.乌梁素海湖水中Hg的非致癌性污染物所致的健康危害风险度介于0.75×10-9~2.15×10-9a-1之间,Hg所致的健康危害风险度的贡献率在71.43%~92.44%之间,表明Hg污染水平与健康风险都较高,应该给予特别关注.  相似文献   

Geochemical fractionation and ecological risks assessment of benthic sediment-bound heavy metals from coastal ecosystems off the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean     

Nsikak U. Benson  Essien D. Udosen  Joseph P. Essien  Winifred U. Anake  Adebusayo E. Adedapo  Oyeronke A. Akintokun  Omowunmi H. Fred-Ahmadu  Abass A. Olajire 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(3)

This study determines the pollution, fractionation, and ecological risks of sediment-bound heavy metals from coastal ecosystems off the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Contamination Factor(CF), pollution load index(PLI), and geoaccumulation index(Igeo) were used to assess the extent of the heavy metal pollution, while the potential ecological risk was evaluated using the risks assessment code(RAC) and Hkanson potential ecological risk. The analysis revealed concentrations(mg/g, dw) of the cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and lead(Pb) in sediments for wet and dry seasons vary from 4.40-5.08, 14.80-21.09. 35.03-44.8, 2.14-2.28, and 172.24-196.39, respectively. The results also showed that the metal fractionation percentages in the residual, oxidizable, and reducible fractions are the most significant, while the exchangeable and carbonate bound trace metals are relatively low. The RAC values indicate no risk for Cd and Ni and low risk for other metals at all the studied sites during both seasons.Potential ecological risk analysis of the heavy metal concentrations indicates that Cd had high individual potential ecological risk, while the other metals have low risk at all investigated sites. The multi-elemental potential ecological risk indices(R_1) indicate high ecological risk in all the ecosystems.  相似文献   

基于国普数据的芦山县地震应急基础数据更新及其应用研究     

申源  蔡晓燕  张莹  郭红梅 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(4):893-901

通过研究地理国情普查数据和四川省芦山县地震应急基础数据库的数据类型、数据结构及二者间的关系,完成了地理国情普查数据向芦山县地震应急基础数据的转换与更新;并以芦山地震为例,利用城镇地震应急快速评估系统验证了更新后数据的可靠性。  相似文献   

Mesotrione Herbicide: Efficiency,Effects, and Fate in the Environment after 15 Years of Agricultural Use     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(9)

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浙江省梅汛期洪涝灾情分析和预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张文坚  庄锡潮  王镇铭  王卫红 《气象》2001,27(2):32-35

通过所构设的雨涝强度、雨涝影响面积等统计量来估计灾情，有较高的正确率，能估计出极端情况，为灾害评估工作提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

Differences in flood hazard projections in Europe – their causes and consequences for decision making     

Z. W. Kundzewicz  V. Krysanova  R. Dankers  Y. Hirabayashi  S. Kanae  F. F. Hattermann 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(1):1-14

This paper interprets differences in flood hazard projections over Europe and identifies likely sources of discrepancy. Further, it discusses potential implications of these differences for flood risk reduction and adaptation to climate change. The discrepancy in flood hazard projections raises caution, especially among decision makers in charge of water resources management, flood risk reduction, and climate change adaptation at regional to local scales. Because it is naïve to expect availability of trustworthy quantitative projections of future flood hazard, in order to reduce flood risk one should focus attention on mapping of current and future risks and vulnerability hotspots and improve the situation there. Although an intercomparison of flood hazard projections is done in this paper and differences are identified and interpreted, it does not seems possible to recommend which large-scale studies may be considered most credible in particular areas of Europe.