New Tricks with Old Maps: Urban Landscape Change,GIS, and Historic Preservation in the Less Developed World     

Dona J. Stewart 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(3):361-373

This article presents a methodology for a more detailed investigation of urban landscape change in rapidly growing cities of the less developed world beyond typical macrolevel approaches. This research is an attempt to bridge the gap between traditional landscape analysis and geographic information science (GIS). The article presents the preliminary results from a pilot project in Zamalek, Egypt, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of the two techniques. Rarely used to study the less developed world, these techniques are utilized to assess change within a portion of Cairo's urban landscape. Large‐scale historic maps and high‐resolution satellite imagery, combined with field attribute collection, are the major data sources in this applied landscape analysis. A motivating factor in the desire to examine landscape change at such a large scale is the need to create monitoring systems for historic preservation in cities of the less developed world.  相似文献   

Relationships of Louisiana Colonial Land Claims with Potential Natural Vegetation and Historic Standing Structures: A GIS Approach*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter B. Mires 《The Professional geographer》1993,45(3):342-350

Louisiana's French, Spanish, and British colonial administrations left a vivid imprint on the landscape in the form of unique cadastral survey systems. The collective distribution of these colonial land claims presents a picture of the colonial occupation of the state. Settlement shows up clearly along the waterways of the bayou state. Equally significant are the areas devoid of land claims. This paper discusses the compilation of the colonial Louisiana land claims map and demonstrates its utility to GIS-based historical geography and historic preservation. By merging this map with other digitized datasets such as potential natural vegetation and historic structures, the seemingly chaotic 18th century occupance of an extremely heterogeneous physical environment becomes patterned, and prior assumptions about the colonial settlement process may be tested with greater precision.  相似文献   

砖混结构墙体冲击承载性能的实验研究     

张宇  韦方强王青 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):253-257

以云南东川蒋家沟实际观测资料为基础，研究砖混结构建筑墙体在受到泥石流体中携带的大石块冲击力作用下的受力形式及破坏形态；在此基础上，进行了砖混建筑结构墙体模型试件的破坏性实验，现场观测试件在平面内和平面外两种冲击力作用方式下的破坏形态和历程，采集其动态位移、振幅及主振频率数据，经计算分析得出结构动态响应模式。  相似文献   

Experimental and analytical studies on earthquake resisting behaviour of confined concrete block masonry structures     

Norio Hori  Norio Inoue  Dangol Purushotam  Tetsuya Nishida  Jun Kobayashi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(13):1699-1719

To improve the seismic performance of masonry structures, confined masonry that improves the seismic resistance of masonry structures by the confining effect of surrounding bond beams and tie columns is constructed. This study investigated the earthquake resisting behaviour of confined masonry structures that are being studied and constructed in China. The structural system consists of unreinforced block masonry walls with surrounding reinforced concrete bond beams and tie columns. The characteristics of the structure include: (1) damage to blocks is reduced and brittle failure is avoided by the comparatively lower strength of the joint mortar than that of the blocks, (2) the masonry walls and surrounding reinforced concrete bond beams and tie columns are securely jointed by the shear keys of the tie columns. In this study, wall specimens made of concrete blocks were tested under a cyclic lateral load and simulated by a rigid body spring model that models non‐linear behaviour by rigid bodies and boundary springs. The results of studies outline the resisting mechanism, indicating that a rigid body spring model is considered appropriate for analysing this type of structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

用碳纤维布改善混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震性能的试验研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

于敬海  赵彤  罗振彪  谢剑 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(1):103-109

通过4片碳纤维布加固混凝土小型空心砌块墙体在周期反复荷载作用下受力性能的试验，研究了用粘贴碳纤维布来增强混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震能力这种加固方法的有效性。本文研究了碳纤维布加固混凝土小型空心砌块墙体的受力特性，分析了碳纤维布不同用量对混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震加固效果的影响。在此基础上，本文提出了碳纤维布加固混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗剪承载力的简化计算方法，可供实际抗震加固工程设计参考。  相似文献   

基于性态的砌块砌体结构极限性态目标位移确定方法的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

屈成忠  谢礼立 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(2):18-25

对砌块砌体结构进行Push—over分析，其结果准确与否和结构的极限性态目标位移的可靠确定关系很大。本文基于大量的配筋砌块砌体墙片试验结果，对直接基于位移的抗震设计法进行改进，使之能够用于砌块砌体结构的极限性态目标位移的确定。用改进的方法求解一座1／4比例的10层砌块砌体模型结构的极限性态目标位移，并与该模型结构的振动台试验结果进行比较。结果说明本文提出的改进方法是可以应用于求解砌块砌体结构的极限性态目标位移的。  相似文献   

多层混凝土小型空心砌块与煤矸石页岩多孔砖组合砌体模型楼动力性能实测与分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

田春艳  王宗纲  聂建国 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(4):105-110

对一个1：1比例的多层混凝土小型空心砌块与煤矸石页岩多孔砖组合砌体模型的抗震性能进行了试验研究。对该足尺试件在抗震性能试验的不同受力阶段进行了动力测试，分别得到了结构处于弹性、开裂、屈服和破坏状态下的频率、振型、阻尼等动力参数，分析了模型动力特性的变化特点及原因，为这种结构的抗震设计及动力分析提供了依据。  相似文献   

底层框架砌体建筑隔震控制研究     

关罡  李和平  叶萍 《世界地震工程》2003,19(2):79-81

基于系统的振动微分方程，计算分析了底层框架砖砌体结构滑动隔震的有效性。结果表明，基底隔震控制使上部结构的最大振动响应尤其是底层框架的层间位移显著降低。  相似文献   

中国古代对水文循环和水沙关系的认识          下载免费PDF全文

王维第 《水科学进展》2003,14(6):799-802

中国古代在水文科学的许多领域,包括水文循环、水位、径流、泥沙和水少关系等内容,以及其观测、记载和推理,都有独特的成就和贡献。2000多年以前,中国人民就用"圜道"概念描述了水文循环,与当代对科学水文循环的定义完全吻合。关于历史水文记载,包括对河流两岸和河床上的非常洪枯水位的刻记和有关文献,不仅对历史洪水和枯水提供了见证,而且对中国的水利水电工程的规划设计,提供了特别重要的依据。  相似文献   

约束砖砌体结构的弹塑性时程分析     

徐德良  刘伟庆  刘经伟 《地震工程与工程振动》2002,22(5):57-61

本文对超《规范》的大开间采取在墙体中增设钢筋混凝土墙中柱和水平条带的加强措施，为验证原型结构的抗震能力，在大比例模型试验的基础上，对约束砖砌体原型结构进行弹塑性时程分析，得出结构层次位移反应包络图，论证了结构采取此项加强措施后能满足7度区相应的抗震设防要求。  相似文献