不同林龄抑螺防病林林分内钉螺种群分布特点的研究——以安庆市大观区沿江滩地为例     

夏尚光  刘和香  何结宝  周业勇  李鹏翔 《湿地科学与管理》2012,8(2):4-6

对安庆沿江滩地杨树林地、江滩草地、芦苇丛等5个植被类型区的钉螺分布状况进行了调查,研究了不同植被类型区钉螺的形态指标和阳性率。结果表明:①成熟杨树林地、中龄杨树林地均无钉螺分布;杨树幼林地、江滩草地、芦苇丛螺口密度分别为4只/0.11m2、5只/0.11m2、7只/0.11m2。②杨树幼林地、江滩草地、芦苇丛所获钉螺样本的阴阳性检测,没有被血吸虫感染,均为阴性。③江滩营造抑螺防病林是改变钉螺孳生环境及人工控制钉螺种群密度的最有效途径之一。  相似文献   

Assessment of the management of organizations supplying ecosystem services from tropical forests     

Thomas Koellner  Joachim Sell  Manuela Ghwiler  Roland W. Scholz 《Global Environmental Change》2008,18(4):746

Global environmental change leads to degradation of tropical forests in many countries. In response to this pressure, programs for payments for ecosystem services (PES) are developing and organizations are emerging which manage forests in order to supply ecosystem services, rather than only harvest timber. Typically such services are carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, pollination, and watershed protection. Public or private actors interested to invest in or donate money for the provisioning of such services are faced with the problem of choosing the appropriate organization supplying ecosystem services. The goal of this paper was to develop an assessment framework based on the balanced scorecard concept including drivers, impact, performance and context variables. Results of a survey of international market actors were used to determine assessment criteria and their weights. Putting the focus of this paper on drivers and impacts, we assessed Latin American organizations that “sell” ecosystem services from tropical forests in terms of their general management, marketing, forest management, client and stakeholder satisfaction, and forest ecosystem status. We found that supplying organizations vary widely with respect to their achievements in these areas. However, the variance of assessment results is influenced even more by the variance in weights the international market actors allocate to the assessment criteria. The insights of this study can contribute to the continuous improvement of management processes in supplying organizations and can support investors and donors in their decision-making with respect to organization supplying ecosystem services.  相似文献   

江苏地表湿润状况的变化趋势与区域特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

康俊  邱新法  曾燕  李梦洁 《气象》2008,34(9):89-96

为了了解江苏省地表湿润状况,利用江苏省60个气象站1961-2005年月降水和月平均气温资料,通过构造一个既包含降水变化又考虑温度变化对潜在蒸发影响的干湿指标一地表湿润指数Hf=P/Pe(P为观测的月降水总量,Pe为月最大潜在蒸发),采用M-K法,对比分析了江苏省区域平均地表湿润指数的年代际变化特征及季节性差异,并讨论了它与降水和气温的联系,突出了在全球变暖背景下温度变化对干湿变化的重要影响.最后给出了地表湿润指数各季节变化趋势的地理分布.结果表明:苏北和苏南地区的年际变化趋势基本相反.由于温度的升高苏北苏中地区均出现变干趋势,苏南部分地区降水显著增加却没有呈现显著变湿趋势.江苏地区的干化趋势主要发生在春秋季节.  相似文献   

宁夏地表湿润状况演变规律研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

郑广芬  陈晓光  纳丽  张智  许建秋 《气象科学》2008,28(5):533-538

利用1961-2004a宁夏23站月降水和平均气温资料,通过计算地表湿润指数,分析了宁夏区域平均及不同区域地表湿润指数的年代际变化特征及季节性差异.最后,给出了地表湿润指数年及各季节变化趋势的地理分布.结果表明:近40a来宁夏年地表湿润指数总趋势是下降的,即地表在变干;地表湿润指数的变化具有明显的阶段性特征,即1970s末期以前的冷湿期,1970s末至1980s中期的冷干期,1980s中期以来的暖干期;宁夏的干化趋势主要发生在秋季;宁夏年、秋季地表显著变干的中心区域主要集中在中部干旱带及南部山区的北部;冬季南部山区存在显著变湿趋势,春、夏季各地均无显著干、湿变化趋势.  相似文献   

中国近代北方极端干湿事件的演变规律   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马柱国  丹利  胡跃文 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(3):275-281

Using monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature, a surface humid index was proposed. According to the index, the distributed characteristics of extreme dryness has been fully analyzed. The results indicated that there is an obvious increasing trend of extreme dryness in the central part of northern China and northeastern China in the last 10 years, which shows a high frequency period of extreme dryness; while a low frequency period in the regions during the last 100 years. Compared with variation trend of the temperature in these regions, the region of high frequent extreme dryness is consistent with the warming trend in the same region.  相似文献   

Sources of variability in springwater chemistry in Fool Creek,a high-elevation catchment of the Rocky Mountains,Colorado, USA     

Charles C. Rhoades  Timothy S. Fegel  Timothy P. Covino  Kathleen A. Dwire  Kelly Elder 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14089

Springs are the point of origin for most headwater streams and are important regulators of their chemical composition. We analysed solute concentrations of water emerging from 57 springs within the 3 km² Fool Creek catchment at the Fraser Experimental Forest and considered sources of spatial variation among them and their influence on the chemical composition of downstream water. On average, calcium and acid neutralizing capacity (bicarbonate-ANC) comprised 50 and 90% of the cation and anion charge respectively, in both spring and stream water. Variation in inorganic chemical composition among springs reflected distinct groundwater sources and catchment geology. Springs emerging through glacial deposits in the upper portion of the catchment were the most dilute and similar to snowmelt, whereas lower elevation springs were more concentrated in cations and ANC. Water emerging from a handful of springs in a geologically faulted portion of the catchment were more concentrated than all others and had a predominant effect on downstream ion concentrations. Chemical similarity indicated that these springs were linked along surface and subsurface flowpaths. This survey shows that springwater chemistry is influenced at nested spatial scales including broad geologic conditions, elevational and spatial attributes and isolated local features. Our results highlight the role of overlapping factors on solute export from headwater catchments.  相似文献   

Spatially distributed tracer‐aided modelling to explore water and isotope transport,storage and mixing in a pristine,humid tropical catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Joni Dehaspe  Christian Birkel  Doerthe Tetzlaff  Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo  Ana María Durán‐Quesada  Chris Soulsby 《水文研究》2018,32(21):3206-3224

Rapidly transforming headwater catchments in the humid tropics provide important resources for drinking water, irrigation, hydropower, and ecosystem connectivity. However, such resources for downstream use remain unstudied. To improve understanding of the behaviour and influence of pristine rainforests on water and tracer fluxes, we adapted the relatively parsimonious, spatially distributed tracer‐aided rainfall–runoff (STARR) model using event‐based stable isotope data for the 3.2‐km² San Lorencito catchment in Costa Rica. STARR was used to simulate rainforest interception of water and stable isotopes, which showed a significant isotopic enrichment in throughfall compared with gross rainfall. Acceptable concurrent simulations of discharge (Kling–Gupta efficiency [KGE] ~0.8) and stable isotopes in stream water (KGE ~0.6) at high spatial (10 m) and temporal (hourly) resolution indicated a rapidly responding system. Around 90% of average annual streamflow (2,099 mm) was composed of quick, near‐surface runoff components, whereas only ~10% originated from groundwater in deeper layers. Simulated actual evapotranspiration (ET) from interception and soil storage were low (~420 mm/year) due to high relative humidity (average 96%) and cloud cover limiting radiation inputs. Modelling suggested a highly variable groundwater storage (~10 to 500 mm) in this steep, fractured volcanic catchment that sustains dry season baseflows. This groundwater is concentrated in riparian areas as an alluvial–colluvial aquifer connected to the stream. This was supported by rainfall–runoff isotope simulations, showing a “flashy” stream response to rainfall with only a moderate damping effect and a constant isotope signature from deeper groundwater (~400‐mm additional mixing volume) during baseflow. The work serves as a first attempt to apply a spatially distributed tracer‐aided model to a tropical rainforest environment exploring the hydrological functioning of a steep, fractured‐volcanic catchment. We also highlight limitations and propose a roadmap for future data collection and spatially distributed tracer‐aided model development in tropical headwater catchments.  相似文献   

8000-year history of palaeoproductivity in a large boreal lake     

Arto Itkonen  Virpi Marttila  Jarno Meriläinen  Veli-Pekka Salonen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(3):271-294

An 8000-year record of palaeoproductivity, based on the chemical and chironomid stratigraphies from Lake Päijänne, S. Finland, was assessed with respect to known morphometric, climatic and anthropogenic events. A gradual trend of dystrophication and an associated decrease in aquatic production was detected during the Holocene, with the following exceptions: (1) high diatom and chironomid production around 8000-6000 cal yr BP, (2) eutrophication around 2000 cal yr BP, and (3) an anthropogenic signal during the last few decades.The changes in chironomid assemblages, before the past few decades, have mainly been shifts in concentration, but not in species composition. Variation in chironomid production was mainly explained by the accumulations of biogenic silicon, carbon and organic matter. Nutrient availability seems to be important in controlling biogenic silicon, which we use to infer past diatom production. The high production ca. 8000-6000 cal yr BP and the fluctuation in chironomid influx after ca. 2000 cal yr BP, however, were probably caused by the proposed warm/dry and cold/wet conditions during these times, respectively. These results highlight the sensitivity of boreal shield lake ecosystems to climatic forcing. In contrast, the pronounced change in the morphometry of the basin around 7000 cal yr BP had little effect on the trophic state of the lake. The human-induced trophic change during the past few decades has affected the Lake Päijänne ecosystem to an extent never experienced before during the last 8000-years.  相似文献   

浅析广安华蓥山区山水林田湖综合治理措施——以高顶山矿区为例     

李飞  裴云婧  王维  李德星  张春茂 《四川地质学报》2020,40(1):80-85

高顶山矿区位于广安华蓥市城区东南约5km处。长期的采矿活动,导致区内矿山地质环境问题突出,严重影响华蓥山地区人民的生命财产安全。矿山地质环境问题亟待解决。本文通过分析区内主要存在的矿山地质环境问题,提出通过矿山地质灾害、矿山土地恢复、矿山地形地貌景观恢复治理,河道综合整治、道路修复、生态保育、产业提升等措施;消除安全隐患,保障区内人民生命财产安全;改善生态环境,实现华蓥山地区生态环境全面恢复,生态环境质量提升,提高环境承载力,实现区内"山青、水秀、林美、田良"的目标。并对区内的产业转型升级进行了探讨,提出将高顶山矿区建设成具有科普和教育价值的旅游景观目的地;利用矿区独具特色工业人文景观和别致的自然景观,将高顶山矿区建设成集"科普、休闲、康养、户外、探秘"五大功能于一体的矿山公园,推动矿业经济转型升级,促进产业结构转型和经济社会可持续发展。  相似文献   

Slopewash,surface runoff and fine-litter transport in forest and landslide scars in humid-tropical steeplands,luquillo experimental forest,Puerto Rico     

Matthew C. Larsen  Angel J. Torres-Snchez  Iris M. Concepcin 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(6):481-502

Rainfall, slopewash (the erosion of soil particles), surface runoff and fine-litter transport steepland sites in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico (18° 20’ N, 65° 45’ W) were measured from 1991 to 1995. Hillslopes underlain by (1) Cretaceous tuffaceous sandstone and silstone in subtropical rain (tanonuco) forest with vegetation recovering from Hurricane Hugo (1989), and (2) Tertiary quartz diorite in subtropical lower mantone wet (colorado and dwarf) forest with undisturbed forest canopy were compared to recent landslide scars. Monthly surface runoff on these very steep hillslopes (24° to 43°) was only 0·2 to 0·5 per cent of monthly rainfall. Slopewash was higher in sandy loam soils whose parent material is quartz diorite (averaging 46 g m⁻² a⁻¹) than in silty clay loam soils derived from tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone where the average was 9 g m⁻² a⁻¹. Annual slopewash of 100 to 349 g m⁻² on the surfaces of two recent, small landslide scars was measured initially but slopewash decreased to only 3 to 4 g m⁻² a⁻¹ by the end of the study. The mean annual mass of fine litter (mainly leaves and twigs) transported downslope at the forested sites ranged from 5 to 8 g m⁻² and was lower at the tabonuco forest site, where post-Hurricane Hugo recovery is still in progress. Mean annual fine-litter transport was 2·5 g m⁻² on the two landslide scars. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献