高堆石坝砾石土心墙施工期应力监测与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈向浩  邓建辉  陈科文  郑俊  孟凡理  徐亮 《岩土力学》2011,32(4):1083-1088

对于高堆石坝,施工期心墙内部是否会出现过低的竖向土压力或较高的孔隙水压力对施工期以及蓄水期大坝安全稳定具有重要意义。以施工期砾石土心墙应力监测资料为基础,结合施工进度和过程资料,分别从时间、空间和影响因素分析砾石土心墙施工期竖向土压力和孔隙水压力,以期对土质心墙高堆石坝的设计理论和施工措施的完善具有促进作用。竖向土压力主要和土重度、土柱厚度和拱效应有关,沿坝轴线基本为对称分布;心墙拱效应最强烈的部位大约在1/3坝高处坝轴线附近;存在拱效应的高程土压力呈驼峰状分布,坝轴线附近土压力最小。孔隙水压力主要和竖直土压力、含水率有关。在大坝填筑过程中,应加强心墙土料和上下游坝壳含水率的控制,避免过高孔隙水压力的产生,并降低拱效应的影响。  相似文献   

改性黄土渗透性与孔隙结构的依存关系   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨博  张虎元  赵天宇  刘吉胜  陈航 《水文地质工程地质》2011,38(6):96-101

利用扫描电子显微镜和ImageJ图像处理软件对不同膨润土掺量黄土试样的微结构和孔隙特征进行了统计分析,并与柔性壁渗透仪渗透试验结果进行了对比。电镜观察及孔隙统计结果表明,随着膨润土掺量不断增加,附着在黄土骨架颗粒上的蒙脱石等粘土矿物持续增多,黄土的孔隙数量急剧增多,相反,孔隙平均面积和平均直径呈下降趋势。将膨润土改性黄土的渗透系数与不同大小孔隙的面积比进行统计回归,发现大中孔隙对渗透系数有决定意义。以此为依据,建立渗透系数与有效孔隙隙比之间的关系,提高了传统回归关系的可靠程度。  相似文献   

Bayesian analysis on earthquake magnitude related to an active fault in Taiwan     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

It is understood that sample size could be an issue in earthquake statistical studies, causing the best estimate being too deterministic or less representative derived from limited statistics from observation. Like many Bayesian analyses and estimates, this study shows another novel application of the Bayesian approach to earthquake engineering, using prior data to help compensate the limited observation for the target problem to estimate the magnitude of the recurring Meishan earthquake in central Taiwan. With the Bayesian algorithms developed, the Bayesian analysis suggests that the next major event induced by the Meishan fault in central Taiwan should be in M_w 6.44±0.33, based on one magnitude observation of M_w 6.4 from the last event, along with the prior data including fault length of 14 km, rupture width of 15 km, rupture area of 216 km², average displacement of 0.7 m, slip rate of 6 mm/yr, and five earthquake empirical models.  相似文献   

Investigating the uncertainty of satellite altimetry products for hydrodynamic modelling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Alessio Domeneghetti  Attilio Castellarin  Angelica Tarpanelli  Tommaso Moramarco 《水文研究》2015,29(23):4908-4918

Satellite altimetry products are increasingly used in many hydraulic applications, and recent studies demonstrate their suitability for the calibration of hydraulic models. The study investigates the effect of satellite‐data uncertainty on the calibration of a quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) model of the middle‐lower portion of the Po river (~140 km). We refer to extended (~16 years of observations) ERS and ENVISAT altimetry products (i.e. River and Lake Hydrology data, RLH) to investigate the effect of (i) record length (i.e. number of satellite measurements at a given satellite track) and (ii) data uncertainty (i.e. altimetry measurements errors) on the calibration of the quasi‐2D model. We first present an assessment of ERS and ENVISAT altimetry errors and then perform the investigations in a Monte Carlo framework by generating datasets of synthetic altimetry products. The results of our analysis further emphasize the suitability of satellite data for the calibration of hydraulic models, providing also a quantitative assessment of the effect of the uncertainty of altimetry products. The analysis highlights the higher accuracy of ENVISAT data, which ensures a stable calibration with ~1.5 years of data (Mean Absolute Error, MAE, lower than 0.4 m, ~0.2 m of which results directly from the uncertainty of ENVISAT data). ERS‐based calibrations become stable with longer series (~3.5–5 years of data), and the negative effect of uncertainty in ERS data is higher (i.e. MAE of 0.6–0.9 m, of which 0.4–0.6 m results from the uncertainty of ERS measurements). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Development of high‐performance shake tables using the hierarchical control strategy and nonlinear control techniques          下载免费PDF全文

T. Y. Yang  Kang Li  Jian Yuan Lin  Yuanjie Li  D. P. Tung 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(11):1717-1728

Conventional shake tables employ linear controllers such as proportional‐integral‐derivative or loop shaping to regulate the movement. However, it is difficult to tune a linear controller to achieve accurate and robust tracking of different reference signals under payloads. The challenges are mainly due to the nonlinearity in hydraulic actuator dynamics and specimen behavior. Moreover, tracking a high‐frequency reference signal using a linear controller tends to cause actuator saturation and instability. In this paper, a hierarchical control strategy is proposed to develop a high‐performance shake table. A unidirectional shake table is constructed at the University of British Columbia to implement and evaluate the proposed control framework, which consists of a high‐level controller and one or multiple low‐level controller(s). The high‐level controller utilizes the sliding mode control (SMC) technique to provide robustness to compensate for model nonlinearity and uncertainties experienced in experimental tests. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with a state‐of‐the‐art loop‐shaping displacement‐based controller. The experimental results show that the proposed hierarchical shake table control system with SMC can provide superior displacement, velocity and acceleration tracking performance and improved robustness against modeling uncertainty and nonlinearities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis on urban lake change during rapid urbanization using a synergistic approach: A case study of Wuhan,China     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

To grasp the evolution of urban lakes accurately is quite necessary for studying on the mechanism of city ecological development. The study about extraction with different types of water by remote sensing technology has developed for decades. Many water indexes as the main methods are used to extract water information. Each method has advantage and disadvantage in different situation. A synergistic approach in this study can reduce the uncertainty of urban lake extraction by using four methods: NDWI, MNDWI, RNDWI and SPM. The basic idea behind the synergistic approach is to give each pixel a score based upon the agreement among the different products of four water extraction methods. According to the score of each pixel, the synergy map, which has been created by the products of four methods, is decomposed into sixteen sub-synergy maps. We use Bayesian Decision Theory to screen out the sub-synergy maps with low confidence level. The remaining ones are recombined a refined map. The overall accuracy of refined map reaches 96.44%, higher than any one of the four methods. Wuhan, known as the City of Hundred Lakes, is selected as the study area. We use the synergistic method to keep track of twenty lakes in Wuhan City changing from 1990 to 2013. The total area of twenty lakes has reduced from 130.2478 km² to 102.2971 km² during twenty-three years. The area of Shaihu Lake, which is the most serious of all observed lakes, has shrunk by 77.27%. And Nanhu Lake has lost 8.5 km² of its area that is the most among all lakes. We also find 1990–2000 is the high tide of urban lake shrinking. After the year of 2000, the situation of lake shrinking has been controlled gradually.  相似文献   

高寒草甸草地退化对土壤水热性质的影响及其环境效应   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

尤全刚  薛娴  彭飞  董斯扬 《中国沙漠》2015,35(5):1183-1192

青藏高原高寒草甸草地的大面积退化,将改变浅层土壤的水热性质,影响地表水热交换,甚至导致区域生态环境的变化。本文通过系统分析典型原生高寒草甸与中度退化高寒草甸的植物群落特征、地上地下生物量和土壤理化特征的差异,研究高寒草甸草地退化对土壤水热性质的影响及其环境效应。结果表明:随着高寒草甸草地退化,植被覆盖度显著降低(p<0.01),适应旱生、深根系的杂草侵入适应湿润生境、浅根系的以莎草科植物为主的原生植被,生物多样性显著增加(p<0.01);草毡表层(0～10 cm)地下生物量显著减少(p<0.01),30～50 cm地下生物量显著增加(p<0.01)。草毡表层变薄降低了土壤容重的垂向异质性,使表层土壤容重显著增加(p<0.01),土壤颗粒显著变粗(p<0.01)。受浅层土壤有机质降低和土壤容重增加的影响,中度退化高寒草甸土壤的持水量和饱和导水率降低,土壤导热率升高。高寒草甸草地植被退化,土壤持水量、饱和导水率降低和导热率增加将加速地表水热交换,对高寒草甸草地退化和下伏多年冻土消融都可能是正反馈。  相似文献   

Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition Derived Multi‐Scale Spatial Relationships between Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Basic Soil Properties          下载免费PDF全文

Dongli She  Jiaxing Zheng  Ming'an Shao  Luis Carlos Timm  Yongqiu Xia 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(6):910-918

  相似文献   

广西北部湾人造陆域吹填土生物固结试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

欧孝夺  潘鑫  殷宪太  侯凯文 《岩土力学》2015,36(1):28-33

结合微生物对岩土工程特性影响的研究现状,选取黑曲霉、放射型土壤杆菌及地衣芽孢杆菌3株菌种,首先通过压缩试验研究了不同微生物菌种及其培养液掺入土样后对土样固结特性的影响情况,然后借助矿物和化学成分分析及土粒比表面积测定等手段,初步探索微生物改良吹填土机制。研究表明,掺入微生物菌种及其培养液后土样的压缩系数av1-2均有降低,压缩模量Es1-2均有增加,最大降幅和升幅分别为29%和37%;土样的矿物成分没有改变;土中高价阳离子明显减少,但这不是造成土体压缩特性变化的主因;掺入放射型土壤杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌后土样土粒的比表面积分别增大到1.49倍、1.45倍,菌株改变了土颗粒间的连接状态,从而导致土体颗粒的增多或者土体结构的变化。  相似文献   

多功能孔压静力触探在基坑工程降水设计中的应用分析     

童立元  刘松玉  郑灿政  杨溢军  王道纲 《岩土力学》2015,36(11):3210-3216

针对南京长江四桥漫滩沉积土,分别进行了室内试验和多功能地震波孔压静力触探（SCPTU）原位测试,从SCPTU应用于场地复杂地层 的精细划分、长江漫滩沉积黏性土透水性能的评价和预测渗透系数kh 3个方面进行了详细分析,试验结果表明：综合利用 多功能SCPTU测试qt、fs、u2 3个参数可以对具有高度分层性和不均匀性的长江漫滩沉积土进行精确分层,对不同性质土 层界面、同一土层内透水或不透水夹层进行精确探测;利用SCPTU钻进过程中的孔压消散试验功能,可以对复杂的混合土层的透水性能进行评价;基于SCPTU的渗透系数kh预测值均具有一定的离散性,一般比室内试验结果高1～2个数量级,Burns & Mayne方法预测值可以作为工程初设阶段的参考值;SCPTU的应用为基坑工程降水设计提供了一种简便、快捷的新型技术手段。  相似文献