泸定M6.8地震同震重力与形变效应模拟研究——闭锁剪力孕震模式的新证据     

金雯  谈洪波  申重阳  申宇彤 《中国地震》2023,39(4):845-856

2022年泸定M6.8地震为近期川滇地区显著强震。本文基于Okubo平面矩形弹性位错理论,采用已有的由地震波反演获得的同震破裂模型,模拟研究了泸定M6.8地震产生的地表同震重力变化、垂直位移和水平位移。结果表明:(1)同震重力变化图像具有以发震断层为界,呈正、负四象限对称分布特征,与震前(2019年9月—2020年9月)实测重力变化图像和发震断层左旋走滑特征具有一致性,说明其孕震过程可用闭锁剪力模型来解释;(2)在远场区域,同震垂直位移图像与重力变化图像类似,位错引起的介质密度变化效应大于地表垂直位移效应,而近场地表垂直位移效应大于介质密度变化效应,显示出负相关性;(3)同震水平位移图像具有对称的四象限特征,与GNSS实测结果显示的变形特性一致。该结果可为地震前后重力、形变观测结果的解释提供依据,同时为强震孕育的机理研究提供线索,尤其为闭锁剪力孕震模式的进一步完善提供了新的实例依据。  相似文献   

TIME-HARMONIC VIBRATION OF AN INCOMPRESSIBLE LINEARLY NON-HOMOGENEOUS HALF-SPACE     

G. MURAVSKII  V. OPERSTEIN 《地震工程与结构动力学》1996,25(11):1195-1209

In this paper, time-harmonic axisymmetric vibration of an incompressible viscoelastic half-space having shear modulus linearly increasing with depth is studied. The half-space is subjected to a vertical time-harmonic load on its surface. Numerical results concerning surface displacements due to a point force are given for the case of non-zero shear modulus at the surface. Hankel's transforms of the solutions have an infinite number of poles lying on the real axis of the complex plane in the non-dissipative case. A suitable contour of integration is used to avoid all the singularities. Calculations are performed for the dynamic as well as for the static case. In addition, vertical vibrations of a rigid disk on the considered half-space are investigated, and the influence of the non-homogeneity on the dynamic stiffness of the loaded area is demonstrated.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲孤东海域沉积物及水动力   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李向阳  陈沈良  胡静  陈小英  李为华 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(1):43-49

根据黄河三角洲孤东近岸海域表层沉积物取样、水文泥沙观测和风浪资料推算,分析沉积物特征和运移趋势,并通过水动力条件(潮流和波浪)探讨沉积物起动和输移特征。结果表明,孤东海域沉积物多为粉砂类物质,由内向外逐渐变细,分选变差,丁坝的修建对周围粒径分布影响明显;沉积物运移趋势受风成余流、岸线轮廓和丁坝工程修建的影响,不同区域表现为不同的输移方向;研究区水动力表现为波浪掀沙、潮流输沙的特征,由于潮流较小,不足以引起泥沙的起动,泥沙起动主要由波浪引起。  相似文献   

Total horizontal and vertical forces of irregular waves on partially perforated caisson breakwaters     

Yong Liu  Yucheng Li  Bin Teng  Junjie Jiang  Baolian Ma 《Coastal Engineering》2008

In this study, the total horizontal and vertical forces as well as the phase differences of irregular waves on a partially perforated caisson breakwater are investigated. The partially perforated caisson is located on a rubble fill foundation and filled with rock. Based on linear potential theory, a simple semi-analytical solution of the present problem is developed by means of the matched eigenfunction method and the finite element method. Experimental tests are also conducted to validate the theoretical model and examine the wave forces acting on the perforated caisson. The effects of some of the main factors on the total wave forces and the phase difference are examined. Theoretical and experimental studies show that when the total horizontal force reaches its peak, the simultaneous total vertical (upward) force is rather small or even becomes downwards. This is due to the existence of an obvious phase difference between the time histories of the total horizontal and vertical forces, which is an important advantage of perforated caissons over traditional structures.  相似文献   

黄河口粉质土矿物成分特征及对水动力条件响应的研究     

王小花  刘红军  贾永刚 《海洋科学》2008,32(2):42-46

黄河三角洲潮坪上构筑的道路使得道路两侧水动力条件出现差异。在道路两侧各选典型区域,取样进行X-ray衍射物相分析,概略分析潮坪沉积物的矿物成分及含量对水动力条件响应的变化,发现了强水动力环境使沉积物中碎屑矿物含量增大,黏土矿物含量减小,非均匀性增大的规律,此规律在表层沉积物中更为明显。  相似文献   

系缆式剖面测量平台的试验及分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

李墨  李永军 《海洋技术学报》2008,27(2):1-4

文章围绕测量平台的基本运动能力,介绍了一些平台固有特性的试验和理论分析,明确了这些特性对平台驱动力和阻力的作用,供有关人员参考交流。  相似文献   

系缆式剖面测量平台运动性能分析     

李永军  董涛 《海洋技术学报》2008,27(1):11-13

文章简单介绍了系缆式剖面测量平台的结构构成,围绕剖面测量平台升降运动的工作原理,着重对平台的一些固有的基本特性所产生的影响进行了分析,供有关人员参考交流。  相似文献   

槽道湍流的展向振荡电磁力壁面减阻     

梅栋杰  范宝春  黄乐萍  董刚 《海洋学报》2010,32(10):6786-6792

采用直接数值模拟方法,对槽道湍流的展向振荡电磁力的减阻效果和减阻机理进行了研究,讨论了电磁力强度和振荡频率对湍流猝发事件以及壁面减阻率的影响.结果表明,电磁力强度或振荡频率变化时,湍流猝发频率和猝发强度的变化趋势是相反的,所以存在最优参数使得减阻效果最好.等价壁面展向速度可以很好地描述电磁力强度和振荡频率的变化对减阻效果的综合效应.  相似文献   

受迫流动下的枝晶生长相场法模拟研究     

朱昌盛  王军伟  王智平  冯力 《海洋学报》2010,32(10):7417-7423

基于耦合流场和热噪声的相场模型及合理高效的三维动态求解域加速算法,定量模拟了在受迫流动下枝晶的非对称生长及流速对迎流、背流两侧的温度分布和层流层分布的影响.计算结果表明,受迫流动使迎流、背流两侧温度的分布与层流层分布呈现不对称状态,导致迎流侧与背流侧的过冷度不同,而熔体施加于枝晶界面前沿迎流侧的力还不足以抑制过冷度的作用,结果造成枝晶迎流方向优先生长,从而产生倾向于散热方向的倾斜;同时,由于迎流侧的实际过冷度大于背流侧,有利于促进迎流一侧枝晶生长速度以及稳定侧向分枝生长,从而导致了侧向分枝的非对称生长.随  相似文献   

Remote sensing of intertidal morphological change in Morecambe Bay,U.K., between 1991 and 2007     

D.C. Mason  T.R. Scott  S.L. Dance 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Tidal Flats are important examples of extensive areas of natural environment that remain relatively unaffected by man. Monitoring of tidal flats is required for a variety of purposes. Remote sensing has become an established technique for the measurement of topography over tidal flats. A further requirement is to measure topographic changes in order to measure sediment budgets. To date there have been few attempts to make quantitative estimates of morphological change over tidal flat areas. This paper illustrates the use of remote sensing to measure quantitative and qualitative changes in the tidal flats of Morecambe Bay during the relatively long period 1991–2007. An understanding of the patterns of sediment transport within the Bay is of considerable interest for coastal management and defence purposes. Tidal asymmetry is considered to be the dominant cause of morphological change in the Bay, with the higher currents associated with the flood tide being the main agency moulding the channel system. Quantitative changes were measured by comparing a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the intertidal zone formed using the waterline technique applied to satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from 1991–1994, to a second DEM constructed from airborne laser altimetry data acquired in 2005. Qualitative changes were studied using additional SAR images acquired since 2003. A significant movement of sediment from below Mean Sea Level (MSL) to above MSL was detected by comparing the two Digital Elevation Models, though the proportion of this change that could be ascribed to seasonal effects was not clear. Between 1991 and 2004 there was a migration of the Ulverston channel of the river Leven north-east by about 5 km, followed by the development of a straighter channel to the west, leaving the previous channel decoupled from the river. This is thought to be due to independent tidal and fluvial forcing mechanisms acting on the channel. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of remote sensing for measurement of long-term morphological change in tidal flat areas. An alternative use of waterlines as partial bathymetry for assimilation into a morphodynamic model of the coastal zone is also discussed.  相似文献